By Bukola Akinjobi, Carrie Beard, and Jennifer Roper

Before OSHA…

14,500 American workers were killed annually on the job.

Nearly 2,200,000 were disabled annually in on the job accidents.

State Enforcement

Few laws enacted. Failed to allocate

appropriate funds to enforce these laws.

OSHA is created

Established in 1971 Occupational Safety

and Health Act An agency of the

Department of Labor

Purpose

OSHA “aims to ensure employee

safety and health in the United States by

working with employers and

employees to create better working environments”

The Early Years

Arbitrary and inconsistent enforcement Retrofit guards and other safety devices on

existing equipment Implement other hazard controls Other requirements, such as mandated

training, communication, and extensive documentation

With time…

OSHA-compliant safety features on new machinery.

Consistent enforcement. Outdated or irrelevant rules have been

repealed or are not enforced.

Regulatory Impact

Guards on Moving Parts

Permissible Exposure Limits

Personal Protective Equipment

Lock Out/Tag Out Hazard Communication Bloodborne Pathogens

In the News…

Safe cleanup from Hurricane Gustav, 9/5/08 New report released showing decline in worker

fatalities, 8/20/08

Cooperative Programs

OSHA Alliance Program and Strategic Partnership Program

OSHA Alliance Program:o Work with labor unions, trade or professional groups,

government agencies, and educational institutions– Activities of alliances:

Assist OSHA in developing interactive, web-based training tools on occupational safety and health topics

Help develop Safety and Health Topics pages Appear at trade shows and conferences.

Strategic Partnership Program:o Focus on safety and health programs and include

enforcement , outreach and training components

Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program and Voluntary Protection Programs

Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP):o Recognizes small employers who develop,

implement and continuously improve effective safety and health programs at their business

Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP):o Promote effective worksite-based safety and

health.

OSHA TRAINING

Outreach, Education, Compliance Assistance

OSHA Training Institute

Provide Training and Education in occupational safety and health

Trains Federal and state compliance officers State consultants Federal agency personnel Private sector

OSHA Training Institute Education Center

• OTI education center is an extension of the OSHA Training Institute

• The program was created in October 1992

• As of 2007 there are a total of 26 OTI education centers

Courses by OTI Education Center

• OTI provides online courses and courses located at OSHA education centers in all OSHA regions

• Popular courses: #500 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and

Health Standards for the Construction Industry #501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and

Health Standards for General Industry

OSHA Outreach Training Program

Train workers in the basics of occupational safety and health

Individuals can attend a one week program that enables them to teach 10-hour or 30-hour courses in contruction or general industy safety

OSHA Certificate

Workers

• Rights and ResponsibilitiesFollow all safety rules and regulationsHave right to trainingHave right to request employer fix hazards

•Problems in the WorkplaceImminent danger and refusal of dangerous workDiscrimination for filing complaints

OSHA General Duty Clause

"Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees."

OSHA Inspections

What Triggers an OSHA Inspection?

• Imminent Danger• Catastrophes & Fatal Accidents• Employee Complaints or Referrals• Programmed Inspections

Planned or Targeted• Follow-Up Inspections.

OSHA Insepction Process

• Opening Conference

Inspection purpose described

Complaint is provided, if applicable

Records summoned for inspection• Walk around

Identify potential safety & health hazards

Evaluation of safety and health program

OSHA Inspection Citations

Abatement Eliminate workplace hazards

VariancesLength of time for abatement

Penalties and Fines Employer must post a copy citation near

place where violation occurred, for 3 days or until violation abated

Violations and Penalties

Other-than-serious (up to $7,000)Probably would not cause Death

Serious (mandatory $7,000)Substantial Probably of causing Death

Willful (minimum $5,000 to $70,000)Employee Death due indifference of known hazard

up to $500,000 fine or six months incarceration

Repeated($70,000) Failure to abate($7,000)

Major Compliance Forms

OSHA Form 300

Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses OSHA Form 301

Injury and Illness Incident Report OSHA Form 300A

Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

Regulations and Standards

Regulations General guideline

StandardsDeveloped in response to a specific hazard

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Blood-born Pathogens

Chemical Hazard Communication

Underreporting Study

Hidden Tragedy: Under reporting of work place Injuries and Illnesses

US House of Representatives June 2008

Committee of Education and Labor

As much as 69% of illness an Injuries never make it into the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII)

Extra Information

Videos on OSHA: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1N48Z5HerA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8Gf2Wg1FJs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_vypoQ83eQ

Resources

http://www.osha.gov/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration

http://www.semcosh.org/osha-view.htm Spellman. Surviving an OSHA Audit: A

Management Guide. CRC Press. 1998.