C M Y K Nxxx,2017-07-31,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

U(D54G1D)y+@!?!#!#!/

For years, American companieshave been saving money by “off-shoring” jobs — hiring people inIndia and other distant cubiclefarms.

Today, some of those jobs arebeing outsourced again — in theUnited States.

Nexient, a software outsourcingcompany, reflects the evolving ge-ography of technology work. Itholds daily video meetings withone of its clients, Bill.com, whereteam members say into the cam-era what they accomplished yes-terday for Bill.com, and what theyplan to do tomorrow. The differ-ence is, they are phoning in fromMichigan, not Mumbai.

“It’s the first time we’ve beenhappy outsourcing,” said RenéLacerte, the chief executive ofBill.com, a bill payment-and-col-lection service based in Palo Alto,Calif.

Nexient is a domestic out-sourcer, a flourishing niche in thetech world as some Americancompanies pull back from the ideaof hiring programmers a worldaway.

Salaries have risen in placeslike South Asia, making outsourc-ing there less of a bargain. In addi-tion, as brands pour energy andmoney into their websites and mo-bile apps, more of them are decid-ing that there is value in havingdevelopers in the same time zone,or at least on the same continent.

Many of these domestic out-

sourcers are private, little-knowncompanies like Rural Sourcing,Catalyte, Eagle Creek SoftwareServices and Onshore Outsourc-ing. But IBM, one of the country’sforemost champions of the off-

That Job Sent to India May Now Go to IndianaBy STEVE LOHR

Apprentices in a program in-tended to nurture local talent.

RYAN DAVID BROWN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A11

On one of Brooklyn’s busiercommuter streets, bicycles nowoutnumber cars.

The two-wheelers glide down abike lane on Hoyt Street, whichlinks Downtown Brooklyn withthriving brownstone-lined neigh-borhoods. There are so manybikes during the evening rush thatthey pack together at red lightsand spill out in front of cars.

It is the kind of bike hegemonythat was once hard to imagine inNew York City, where cars andtaxis long claimed the streets andonly hardened cyclists braved thechaotic traffic.

“New York has really become abiking world,” said Jace Rivera,

42, a former construction workerwho so enjoyed riding his bike towork that he changed careers lastyear to become a bike messenger.“The city has gotten a lot morecrowded, and the trains have got-ten a lot more expensive. By bik-ing, you spare yourself thecrowds, you save a lot of money,and you can go to work on time.”

Biking has become part of NewYork’s commuting infrastructureas bike routes have been ex-panded and a fleet of 10,000 CitiBikes has been deployed to morethan 600 locations. Today, thereare more than 450,000 daily biketrips in the city, up from 170,000 in2005, an increase that has out-paced population and employ-ment growth, according to city of-ficials. About one in five bike trips

is by a commuter.Tim Weng, 30, a nurse, traded

the subway for a bike after traindelays kept making him late forwork. It takes just 25 minutes tobike to his job, compared with anhour on two trains. He bought asecond bike as a spare. “Now thatI have a bike, I go places more of-ten because it’s more convenient,”he said.

Citi Bike alone accounted for arecord 70,286 trips last Wednes-day, which the program called“the highest single-day ridershipof any system in the Westernworld outside of Paris.” The bike-sharing system in New York hassigned up 130,000 riders for annu-al memberships, up from nearly100,000 last year.

In New York, Rush Hour Comes to the Bike LaneBy WINNIE HU

Continued on Page A18

CHINA DAILY, VIA REUTERS

Chinese soldiers before a parade on Sunday in Inner Mongolia. The display, a celebration of thearmy’s 90th anniversary, was part of President Xi Jinping’s effort to solidify his power. Page A8.

Power From the Barrel of a Gun

MOSCOW — President Vlad-imir V. Putin announced Sundaythat the American diplomatic mis-sion in Russia must reduce itsstaff by 755 employees, an ag-gressive response to new Ameri-can sanctions that seemed rippedright from the Cold War playbookand sure to increase tensions be-tween the two capitals.

In making the announcement,Mr. Putin said Russia had run outof patience waiting for relationswith the United States to improve.

“We waited for quite a long timethat, perhaps, something willchange for the better, we held outhope that the situation wouldsomehow change,” Mr. Putin saidin an interview on state-runRossiya 1 television, which pub-lished a Russian-language tran-script on its website. “But, judgingby everything, if it changes, it willnot be soon.”

Mr. Putin said the staff reduc-tion was meant to cause real dis-comfort for Washington and itsrepresentatives in Moscow.

“Over 1,000 employees — diplo-mats and technical workers —worked and continue to work to-day in Russia; 755 will have tostop this activity,” he said.

“That is biting,” Mr. Putin add-ed.

The measures were the harsh-est such diplomatic move since asimilar rupture in 1986, in the wan-ing days of the Soviet Union.

It was also a major shift in tonefrom the beginning of this month,when Mr. Putin first met withPresident Trump at the G-20 sum-mit meeting in Hamburg, Ger-many. Mr. Trump had talked dur-ing his campaign of improving tieswith Russia, praising Mr. Putin,and the Kremlin had anticipatedthat the face-to-face meeting oftwo presidents would be the startof a new era. The immediate as-sessment in Moscow was that thetwo leaders had set the stage forbetter relations.

But then, in quick succession,came the expanded sanctions pas-sed by Congress, Mr. Trump’s indi-cation that he would sign theminto law and Moscow’s forceful re-taliation.

Washington’s response on Sun-day was muted. “This is a regret-table and uncalled-for act,” the

U.S. MUST REDUCE DIPLOMATIC STAFF BY 755, PUTIN SAYS

RESPONSE TO SANCTIONS

Russia Escalates Disputeby Using Tactic That

Evokes Cold War

By NEIL MacFARQUHAR

Continued on Page A5

President Trump and Republi-cans in Washington have shakenthe confidence of their supportersafter a punishing and self-inflictedseries of setbacks that have an-gered activists, left allies slack-jawed and reopened old fissureson the right.

A seemingly endless sequenceof disappointments and blundershas rattled Mr. Trump’s volatilegoverning coalition, like Mr.Trump’s attacks on Attorney Gen-eral Jeff Sessions; a vulgar tiradeby his new communications chief,Anthony Scaramucci; and the col-lapse of conservative-backedhealth care legislation.

Mr. Trump remains overwhelm-ingly popular with Republicans,but among party loyalists and pro-Trump activists around the coun-try, there are new doubts aboutthe tactics he has employed, theteam he has assembled and thefate of the populist, “drain theswamp” agenda he promised todeliver in partnership with a Re-publican-controlled Congress.

“There is a significant amountof justified frustration, particu-larly with the Senate,” said RobinHayes, the chairman of the NorthCarolina Republican Party, allud-ing to the health care defeat. “Idon’t want to use any Scaramuccilanguage this morning, but it’stheir inability to function as ateam, to work together and comeup with a responsible win.”

Some Republican grass-rootsactivists cheered the ouster onFriday of Reince Priebus, a for-

Trump TurmoilIs ConfoundingG.O.P. Agenda

Loyalists Point Fingers,but Not at President

By ALEXANDER BURNSand MICHAEL D. SHEAR

Continued on Page A12

Late Edition

VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,675 © 2017 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, MONDAY, JULY 31, 2017

LONDON — Up an alley, be-yond some hoarding, throughwhat can feel like Harry Potter’ssecret portal, the underworld ofan unfinished Crossrail stationsprawls beneath the traffic andcommotion of Tottenham CourtRoad. Escalator banks descendthrough a sleek, silent black tickethall where towering, empty,white-tiled passageways snaketoward the new, vaulted train plat-form, curving like a half moon into

the subterranean darkness.Crossrail is not your average

subway. London’s $20 billion high-speed train line, which plans tostart taking passengers late nextyear, is Europe’s biggest infra-structure project.

It will be so fast that crucialtravel times across the city shouldbe cut by more than half. Thelength of two soccer fields, with a

capacity for 1,500 people, its trainswill be able to carry twice thenumber of passengers as an ordi-nary London subway. While Lon-doners love to moan about theirpublic transit network, by com-parison New York has barelymanaged to construct four sub-way stops in about a half-centuryand its aged, rapidly collapsingsubway system now threatens tobring the city to a halt.

But standing one recent morn-ing on that empty Crossrail plat-form, where construction workersin orange gear and hard hats

hauled shiny metal panels to linethe walls, I still couldn’t help won-dering whether the new trainleads toward another glorious erafor this city, or signals the end ofone.

Before Britain voted last sum-mer to leave the European Union,Crossrail was conceived for a Lon-don open to the world and speed-ing into the future. Now, withBrexit, the nightmare scenario isthat this massive project, to pro-vide more trains moving more

Brexit Clouds New Subway’s PromiseBy MICHAEL KIMMELMAN

A Crossrail tunnel under Tottenham Court Road in London. At $20 billion, Crossrail is Europe’s biggest infrastructure project.ANDREW TESTA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A6

LOSING LONDON

New Era, or End of One

SAN ANTONIO — In one truck,the migrants crouched in the darkin a three-foot crevice between thetrailer’s ceiling and the top of med-ical-supply boxes. In another,smugglers crammed 73 men,women and children into a trailerfilled with rotting watermelons, totry to disguise their scent for Bor-der Patrol dogs.

Sometimes, the trailers arecomfortable, or as comfortable asa human-cargo operation can be,with water, ventilation and evenrefrigeration to keep everyonecool. But just as often, especiallyin the South Texas heat, they canbecome inhumane.

One group of trapped migrantscut their hands trying to rip insu-lation from a trailer’s door to try to

get some air and left bloody hand-prints. Others drank their ownurine when their water supplywent out.

Luciano Alcocer, 56, still vividlyrecalls his 12-hour trip from Chap-arral, N.M., to Dallas packed intoan unventilated trailer in 2002.Two immigrants died, and Mr. Al-cocer thought he would, too.

“I thought my final moment hadarrived,” he said last week. “Wewere desperate. We were likechickens spinning in a rotisserie.”

Last Sunday, a thirsty immi-grant’s request for water at a Wal-mart in San Antonio led to the dis-covery, in the parking lot, of thedeadliest truck-smuggling opera-tion in the United States in morethan a decade. Ten of the 39 peoplefound in or near the truck died,and others were hospitalized,

For Migrants, Peril on 18 Wheels;For Smugglers, a Profit Machine

This article is by Manny Fernan-dez, Nicholas Kulish and SusanAnasagasti.

Continued on Page A11

An election to overhaul Venezuela’sConstitution was met with civil unrest asmany voters avoided the polls. PAGE A8

INTERNATIONAL A4-9

Legitimacy of Vote Threatened

A campaign tries to change a custom inwhich Afghan men use terms like “MyGoat” to describe women. PAGE A4

Fighting to Have a Name

The path to victory is far from assuredfor Imran Khan, the top contender forprime minister of Pakistan. PAGE A9

INTERNATIONAL

Favored, but No Shoo-In

Children who get free lunches at schooloften go hungry in the summer. Somelibraries are filling the gap. PAGE A10

NATIONAL A10-12

Libraries Offer Nourishment

With federal aid ending, Jersey Shoretowns face financial pain. PAGE A14

NEW YORK A14-15, 18

Hurricane Sandy Recovery

Frank Ocean grasped the Panoramafestival crowd’s attention in a quietperformance. A review. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-8

Intimacy on a Grand Scale

Mark Grotjahn influences his art’svalue and controls his career in anuncommon way. PAGE C1

An Artist Who Calls the Shots

Infighting among board members hashindered the ride-hailing company’ssearch for a chief executive. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-6

Deep-Seated Divisions at Uber

Using Google headsets, a start-up helpspsychologists treat patients’ anxietiesfrom the safety of an office. PAGE B1

Therapy via Virtual Reality

Paul Krugman PAGE A17

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A16-17

Bud Selig became the first living ex-baseball commissioner to be inductedinto the Hall of Fame since 1970, but noteveryone was there to applaud. PAGE D1

SPORTSMONDAY D1-5

A Bronx Cheer in Cooperstown

As an election nears, how might Ger-man media react to leaks of hackeddata? Jim Rutenberg explores. PAGE B1

Lessons of 2016, in Germany

Vladimir V. Putin’s bet on Rus-sia’s achieving a new relationshipwith Washington has backfired.News Analysis. Page A5.

A Failed Bid

Today, mostly sunny, warmer, lowhumidity, high 87. Tonight, mostlyclear, mild, low 71. Tomorrow, sun-shine much of the time, warm, high88. Weather map is on Page A13.

$2.50