but how climate-friendly are evs really? -...

But how climate-friendly are EVs really?

Prof. Dr. ir. Joeri Van MierloDirector of Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 2

20%

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 3Joris Besseling

57% NOx – 25% PM

https://www.flickr.com/photos/joris_besseling/


Jonathan C. Wheeler

1 Billion Euro’s per Day for import of Oil in Europe

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jonathanw100/


Manon

https://www.flickr.com/photos/huizevondel/


Strong foundations

1979 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

2014 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Key data

40years of expertise

140projects

over last 5 years

12current EU Projects

18nationalities

75 +

team members

>4M€ M€

turnover

E-mobility


Top 3 Barriers for EVs

Limited charging infrastructure

Limited driving range

High purchase cost


Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Lead Nickel Lithium 2020 2030

30 – 35 50 – 80 80 – 200 400 - 600 1000 - 2000?

x2 x2 x3 x3


Market evolutionP

urc

hase p

rice (

€)

Driving range (km)


Infrastructure needsWhere is your car during one week?

HomeWork

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van MierloMOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 15

Intelligent roll-out of infrastructure

How Green are Clean vehicles?

17

Real life emissions (exhaust/non-exhaust/non regulated)

M. Messagie- VUB 18

Real-time emissions of full supply chain of electricity generation

19

Extensive Bill-of-Materials of all components


Life Cycle Assessment

Raw

materialsProduction of

components

Assembly and

distribiution

Waste

Raw

materials

Refining

and

transport

Distribution

Usage

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Ozone formation

Elementaryflows

Midpointimpacts

EndpointDamages

Climate change

Acidification

EutrophicationFossil fuel depletion

PM formation

Land useHuman toxicity

Radiation Eco toxicity

Ozone depletion

CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, …and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)

Human health

EcosystemResource

availability

Single score

Mineral depletion

Water use

Inventorymodel

Raw materials Production of

components

Assembly and

distribiution

Waste

Raw materials Refining and

production

Distribution

Usage

WTTMaintenance

Production

TTW

Road

infrastructure 21

FU: 209,470 km(14.1 years, 14,856 km/yr)


Climate change

Messagie, Maarten; Boureima, Faycal-Siddikou; Coosemans, Thierry; Macharis, Cathy; Van Mierlo, Joeri (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle

Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue:

3 Pages: 1467-1482


What is the influence of peak and off-peak charging of BEV?

Reference Vehicle: Peugeot iOnM. Messagie VUB | MOBI


Life cycle perspectives of 2nd life and V2G

• Peak shaving• Optimizing PV use• 2nd life battery

M. Messagie VUB | MOBI


Reduction potential of 2nd life battery

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st life w 2ndlife

1st life w 2ndlife

1st life w 2ndlife

1st life w 2ndlife

1st life w 2ndlife

CC OD HT POF MRD

Roads and lightingEngine Control UnitStarter and generatorCatalytic converterPublic charging stationOnboard chargerDC/DC converterAC/DC converterElectric MotorLi batteryMaintenanceLead batteryBody shellTTWBrake abrasionRoad abrasionTire abrasion



Ozone formation

Elementaryflows

Midpointimpacts

Climate change

Acidification

EutrophicationFossil fuel depletion

PM formation

Land useHuman toxicity

Radiation Eco toxicity

Ozone depletion

CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, …and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)

Mineral depletion

Water use

Inventorymodel

Raw materials Production of

components

Assembly and

distribiution

Waste

Raw materials Refining and

production

Distribution

Usage

WTTMaintenance

Production

TTW

Road

infrastructure

26

Single score


Air quality in Belgium

M. Messagie- VUB 28

Supply chain risks


Life cycle air quality

! Geographical & Temporal Reslution in LCA


Vehicle

database

Parameterized LCI model

Monte Carlo

assessment

Vehicle segmentation

Data fitting

0%20%40%60%80%100%

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

970

1057

.2

1144

.4

1231

.6

1318

.8

1406

1493

.2

Den

sity

Weight [kg]

Parameterized vehicle-LCA model

30


Single score

Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment

Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle

Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 1467-1482


Influence of the electricity mix

Ref: Messagie, M., et.al. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment

Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle

Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES

33


Sustainability LCA : supply chain risk

Environment

Society Economy

Sus - LCA


Sustainable (3P) design optimization

+ +

=


How affordable are Clean Vehicles?


TCO methodology


Passenger cars – medium cars


Passenger cars – medium cars - subsidy


Passenger cars – premium cars


Company cars – premium cars


Consumer segmentation

Purchase price Brand and travel cost

Fuelling time

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 44Source: Fuelling EUROPE’S Future, 2013

Electrification=1 mln. additional jobs in 2030 in EU2 mln. additional jobs in 2050 in EU


Fun to drive and ….

www.evs30.org


Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Phone +32 2 629 28 03

Email [email protected]

Office Building Z (ZE109)

Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels

mobi.vub.ac.be

twitter.com/MOBI_VUB

Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Research centre

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

but how climate-friendly are evs really? -...

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