business research method- 97-2003

8/7/2019 BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD- 97-2003

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/business-research-method-97-2003 1/21

PREPARED BY: -VIKAS

SUNNY SHSH

HARDIK

MONISHA SHIVNANI

RAHUL UDHANI



CRITERIA FOR

THE GOOD

MEASUREMENT



INTRODUCTION Researchers normally develop there

own scales and in this process theyhave to be careful that the scale shouldstand the tests of



RELIABILITY

Degree to which the measurements of a

particular instrument are free from errors

and produce consistent results

Methods to evaluate reliability

y Test-retest reliability

y Equivalent form reliability

y Internal consistency



Continued«.

Test-retest reliability : - Result of the

research is the same, it confirms the

repeatability.

Equ ivalent form reliability : - Two

measurement scales of similar nature

are to be developed.

I nternal consistency : - Data giving thesame results even after some

manipulation.



VALIDITY

Ability of the scale or a measuring

instrument to measure what it is

intended to measure

Validity can be measured by various

methods

y Face validity

y Content validityy Criterion-related validity

y Construct validity



Continued«

F ace validity : - whether the scale ismeasuring what it is expected to measureor not.

C ontent validity : - The adequacy in theselection of relevant variables for measurement.

C riterion-related validity : - Degree to

which a measurement instrument cananalyze a variable that is said to havecriterion. It can be categorized asPredictive & Concurrent validity.



Continued«

C onstr u ct validity : - Degree to which a

measurement instrument represents and

logically connects through the

underlying theory. Two methods

Convergent & Discriminant



SENSITIVITYy Refers to instrument's ability to accurately

measure the variability in stimuli or

responses.

GENERALIZABILITYy Refers to the amount of flexibility in the

interpreting the data in different research

designs.



RELEVANCE

Refers to the appropriateness of using a

particular scale for measuring a variable.

yRelevance = Reliability X Validity



SOURCES OF

MEASUREMENT

PROBLEMS



INTRODUCTION When the researcher conducts a research, he

has to analyze the accuracy of the informationobtained. Several types of errors can come induring a study. Some of the major researcherrors are: -

Respondent AssociatedErrors

Instrument Associated Errors

Situational Errors

Measurer as Error Source



RESPONDENT ASSOCIATED

ERRORS Research study mainly relies on drawing

out response information from therespondents

If cooperation is achieved from therespondents the research target can beattained.

However two respondents associated

errors arisey Non- response errors

y Response bias



Continued«

Non-response Errors

Study does not include one or more piecesof information that has to be a part of the

study. This error include failure to respond

completely or even failure to respond torespond to 1 or more questions.

y U nit non-response: - Does not respond completely &

y I tem non-response: - Does not respond to 1 or more questions



INSTRUMENT ASSOCIATED

ERRORS Errors due to

y Poor questionnaire design

y Improper selection of samples

y Complex or ambiguous questionnaire

y Complicated words & sentences in

questions



SITUATIONAL ERRORS

Errors due to situation factors

Can be due to

y Presence of third party

y Location

y People not liking giving interview in public

places

y Respondent not confident about theconfidentiality



MEASURER AS ERROR SOURCE

Errors due to the mistakes committed by

the researcher.

y Body language & gestures of the interviewer

while getting the responses from therespondent

y Reword or rephrasing the responses of the

respondents

y Failure to record the full response



Summary

Conducting research ±W

H A

THOW

CONCEPT

Criteria For Measurement :RELI ABILITY-free from errors & consistent results

V ALIDITY-ability to measure what is intended

SENSITIVITY-accuracy to measure the variability

GENER ALIZ ABILITY-amt of flexibility in interpreting the dat

RELEV ANCE-appropriateness of using a particular scale



ERRORSRespondent Associated Errors

Instrument Associated Errors

Situational Errors

Measurer as error source

business research method- 97-2003

Documents