business process modelling -8.2/2013 -

Business Process Modelling-8.2/2013 -

Marcello La Rosa

Queensland University of Technology

Brisbane, 12 September 2013

© INB/INN320 8.2/2011 – 12 September 2013

Mid-semester survey: your words, our actions…

Generally, very positive comments. A few notes worth commenting:1. Too many readings: read the required readings, the others are for

your own culture and interest2. Use of Signavio: not mandatory3. Tutorial notes online late: usually on Friday, we will strive to put

them up on Thursday after the class4. Assignment specification came up too early, content not yet

fully covered: the idea is that you build your report incrementally rather than being confronted with a lot of content altogether. No self-study required. Do not anticipate content!

5. Audio quality poor: AV Support notified. 6. THU 8pm tutorial inconvenient: moved to S502 at 5pm for Weeks

8-12. Week 13 in S503 at 8pm.

2


Tutorials attendance rate

3

Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri9am S502 (10)

10am S518 (10)

11am

12am

1pm S506 (20) S503 (25), S506 (10)

2pm S507 (20)

3pm S410 – LECT

4pm S410 – LECT

5pm S502 (35) NEW!

6pm

7pm

8pm S503 (30) S503 (35)

Raffaele, Eike, Stephan


Quick Repeat from Week 7

• What splits and joins can be represented implicitly in BPMN?

• What is a sub-process?

• How can we model repetition in BPMN?

• What is a multi-instance task?

4


Uncontrolled Repetition: Ad-hoc sub-process

• The ad-hoc sub-process contains activities (tasks or sub-processes) to be executed in arbitrary order and time

• May define order of sub-set of activities by sequence flow• Can be used in an early version of a process diagram when

the order of execution is still unknown• Denoted with a tilde marker on the expanded sub-process

notationReview company’s KPIs

Evaluate prior performance

Assess financial stability

Profile products and

services

Interview corporate executives

~ 5


Example: ad-hoc sub-process

A typical army selection process starts by shortlisting all candidates’ applications. Those shortlisted are then called to sit the following tests: drug and alcohol, eye, color vision, hearing, blood, urine, weight, fingerprinting and doctor examination. The color vision can only be done after the eye test, while the doctor examination can only be done after color vision, hearing, blood, urine and weight have been tested. Moreover, it may be required for some candidates to repeat some of these tests multiple times in order to get a correct assessment, e.g. the blood test may need be repeated if the candidate has taken too much sugar in the previous 24 hours. The candidates that pass all tests are asked to sit a mental exam and a physical exam, followed by an interview. Only those that also pass these two exams and perform well in the interview can be recruited in the army.

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Solution: ad-hoc sub-process

7


Value chain modelling

8

“is predecessor of”

Businessprocess

Chain of (high-level) processes an organisation performs in order to achieve a business goal, e.g. deliver a product or service to the market.


Linking value chains with process models

Consultstakeholders

Designproductfeatures

Newproduct

to bedeveloped

Productdeveloped

Finalizeproductfeatures

Invoice received

Enter customer

information

Customer entered

Details entered

Enter purchase

information

Purchase info. entered

Enter credit information

POreceived

Check stock availability

x

Product in stock

Product not in stock

Reject orderConfirm order

v

Order confirmed

Shipgoods

Sendinvoice

Invoicesent

Goodsshipped

Order rejected

9

Process model for this business

process is available

BPMN Modelling- Events Handling -


Event types

Untyped Event – Indicates that an instance of the process is created (start) or completed (end), without specifying the cause for creation/completion

Start Message Event – Indicates that an instance of the process is created when a message is received

End Message Event – Indicates that an instance of the process is completed when a message is sent

Intermediate Message Event – Indicates that an event is expected to occur during the process. The event is triggered when a message is received or sent

Catching

11

EndIntermediateStart


Event types (cont.’ed)

Start Timer Event – Indicates that an instance of the process is created at certain date(s)/time(s), e.g. start process at 6pm every Friday

Intermediate Timer Event – Triggered at certain date(s)/time(s), or after a time interval has elapsed since the moment the event is “enabled” (delay)

Intermediate Link Event – Indicates that the process flow is resumed from a previous diagram (represented elsewhere), or that it continues in a subsequent diagram (represented elsewhere). Often used as an off-page connector.

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EndIntermediateStart


Message and Timer events

Atomic Task/Sub-process

Atomic Task/Sub-processprocess

starts uponmessagereceived

messagesent during the process

process ends upon message

sent

Normal Flow

Exception Flow

Normal Flow

task terminates upon messagereceived

process starts whentime event

occurs

Normal Flow

Exception Flow

Normal Flow

task terminates when time eventoccurs

messagereceived

during the process

time event occurred

(to model delay)

Start EndIntermediate

Catching ThrowingCatching Throwing

Modelling Exceptions

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Example: message event

Listings

Judiciary

Check P&E Judge Availability

Check Court Calendar

Request Sittings List

Court CalendarReceived

For all Judges

Resolve P&E Judge

Availability

Change P&E Schedules

P&E Court

CourtAdministra-

tion

Court CalendarChange Request

Yearly Schedule

Sent

Sittings ListReceived

Start event(receive)

Intermediate catching event

(receive)

End event(send)

14


Comparison with sending/receiving tasks

Receive invoice

Receive invoice

Send invoice

Send invoice

Invoicereceived

Invoicereceived

Invoicesent

Invoicesent

=

=

=

=

Is this really the same?

15


So, when to use what?

Use message events only when the corresponding activity would simply send or receive a message and do nothing else

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Example: timer event

Prepare Callover Material

Attend Callover

Wake-up the List Manager

2 Hours

Start event Intermediate catching event

Activities must always have input and output

Sequence Flow

Prepare Callover List

3 Weeks prior to Callover

1 Week prior to Callover

Contact Parties

Callover Day

Prepare Callover Material

Attend Callover

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Find the bugs…

SmallClaims

RegistryOperations

Party

QueenslandPolice

Retrieve STC File

Distribute SCT Warrant Possession

Store SCT Physical File

Retrieve SCT File

Attach SCT Document


request warrant release

reportcoversheet

ExpandedFileFileFile Report File

“Awaiting Report”

Start Message Eventscannot signal message sending

Normal Flow cannotbe used to pass onData Objects

• Start Timer instead of Intermediate Timer• Timer events cannot be used to wait for messages• Tasks cannot lead only to Exception Flow

Each Pool (white box) must have one start and one end event

18


A possible solution…

SmallClaims

RegistryOperations

Party

QueenslandPolice

Retrieve SCT File

Distribute SCT Warrant Possession


Retrieve SCT File

Attach new SCT

Document


reportcoversheet

ExpandedFile

FileFileFile

Request warrant release

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Example: modelling with events

20

Register PO

POReceived

Next working dayweekend/

holiday

Check Availability

Send PO Response

weekday

POfulfilled

A Purchase Order (PO) handling process starts when a PO is received. The PO is first registered. If the current date is not a working day, the process waits until the following working day before proceeding. Otherwise, an availability check is performed and a “PO response” is sent back to the customer.


Example: modelling with events

A Purchase Order (PO) handling process starts when a PO is received. The PO is first registered. If the current date is not a working day, the process waits until the following working day before proceeding. Otherwise, an availability check is performed and a “PO response” is sent back to the customer. Anytime after the PO has been registered, the customer may send a “PO change request”. When such a PO change request is received, any processing related to the PO must be stopped. The PO change request is then registered. Thereafter, the process proceeds as it would do after a normal PO is registered.

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Register PO

POReceived


holiday

Check Availability

Send PO Response

weekday

POfulfilled

Solution: modelling with events

Handle PO

Register PO

POReceived


holiday

Check Availability

Send PO Response

weekday

POfulfilled

PORegistered

Responsesent

PO Changereceived

Register PO Change

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Alternative solution

Handle PO

Register PO

POReceived

Next working

day

Check Availability

PO Changereceived

Send PO Response

POfulfilled

Register PO Change

Responsesent

Is it really right?

23

© INB/INN320 8.2/2011 – 12 September 2013 24

Quiz: what’s wrong with this model?P

ool 1

Poo

l 2

C

Dc1

ENot c1c2

F

A B

Not c2

Message zMessage yMessage x


Event-based decision

• With the XOR-split gateway, a branch is chosen based on conditions that evaluate over available data

The choice can be made immediately after the token arrives from the incoming flow

• Sometimes, the choice must be delayed until an event happens The choice is based on a race among events

• This is why BPMN distinguishes data-driven and event-driven XOR-splits

data-driven XOR-split event-driven XOR split25


Example: event-based decision

Restaurants submit orders to suppliers to replenish their food stocks every Thursday. The process for completing an order starts when a restaurant receives either a “PO Response” or an error message. However it may also happen that no response is received at all. If no response is received by Friday afternoon or if an error message is received, the purchasing officer should be notified. Otherwise, the PO Response is processed normally.

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A possible solution

Notify Purchasing

Officer

PO ResponseReceived

Error MessageReceived

Fridayafternoon

Process PO Response

From“Order

submission”Ordering

failed

Orderingcompleted

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Quiz: find the bugs

Send reminder

Send Questionnaire

Filled Questionnaire

Received

After 5 daysnot Intermediate Timer Event

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Solution: event-based decision

Send reminder

Send Questionnaire

Filled Questionnaire

Received

After 5 days

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Remember the quiz from slide 23?P

ool 1

Pool

2

C

Dc1

ENot c1c2

F

A B

Not c2

Message zMessage yMessage x

Poo

l 1P

ool 2

C

Dc1

ENot c1c2 F

A

Message x

Not c2

B

Message y Message z

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Interlude: multiple start events

The first such event that occurs, will trigger an instance of the process.

Notify Purchasing

Officer

PO ResponseReceived

Error MessageReceived

Fridayafternoon

Process PO Response

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What is this process doing?

Request Proof of Delivery

(POD)good not delivered

Verify Goods Delivery

5 working days

good delivered

POD received

From “Process Invoice Relating to PO”

From “Process Blocked Invoice Relating to PO”

To “Create Goods Receipt - Centralised”

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Recap: Events

Untyped: indicate start point, state changes or final states.

Message: Receiving and sending messages.

Timer: Cyclic timer events, points in time, time spans or timeouts.Link: Off-page connectors. Two corresponding link events equal a sequence flow.

Start EndIntermediate

Catching Throwing

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BPMN Poster: get it from blackboard!

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References

Required• Sections 4.3.2 - 4.4.2 of Chapter 4 of textbook “Fundamentals of BPM”

Recommended• OMG (2011): BPMN 2.0 Specification• BPM Offensive (2011): BPMN 2.0 Poster• OGM (2010): BPMN 2.0 By Example

Web References• OMG BPM Initiative• BPMN Community

Books on BPMN• Silver B. (2011): “BPMN Method & Style” 2nd Edition, Cody-Cassidy

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A/Prof. Marcello La RosaIS School Academic Director(Corporate Programs and Partnerships)BPM Discipline, IS School

Science & Engineering FacultyQueensland University of Technology126 Margaret StreetBrisbane QLD 4000Australia

p +61 (0)7 3138-9482e [email protected] www.marcellolarosa.com

business process modelling -8.2/2013 -

Documents

process diagram

process notation

stephan inbinn320

qut brisbane

order of execution

arbitrary order

color vision

processthe ad