burle industries next generation large area low cost pmt
DESCRIPTION
BURLE INDUSTRIES Next Generation Large Area Low Cost PMT. UNO Collaboration Robert Caracciolo and Richard Leclercq 6 April 2005. BURLE INDUSTRIES. BURLE INDUSTRIES Overview. BURLE INDUSTRIES, INC. Conversion Tubes Power Tubes Real Estate BURLE ELECTRO-OPTICS, INC. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
BURLE INDUSTRIESNext Generation Large Area
Low Cost PMT
UNO Collaboration
Robert Caracciolo and Richard Leclercq
6 April 2005BURLE INDUSTRIESBURLE INDUSTRIES
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
BURLE INDUSTRIES Overview
BURLE INDUSTRIES, INC.Conversion TubesPower TubesReal Estate
BURLE ELECTRO-OPTICS, INC.BURLE INDUSTRIES GmbHBURLE INDUSTRIES UK LIMITEDBURLE deMexico
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Core Competencies
Conversion Tubes, Lancaster PA Conventional PMT design
and fabrication Photocathode processing Image tube design and
fabrication PMT Modules
Integrated VDN, HVPS, signal processing electronics
Power Tubes, Lancaster PA Design and fabrication of
vacuum tubes for power generation and switching
Plating and environmental testing
Ceramic-to-Metal joining techniques
BEO, Sturbridge MA Microchannel plates Channel multipliers Fiber optics
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
PMT Markets
Medical Imaging Maintain ~ 30% market share and growing Provide high-volume tubes for both SPECT and PET
Have presence in general spectroscopy, scintillation counting, and HEP
Targeting the HEP market more aggressively Development of the PLANACON family Cost competitive fast timing PMTs such as the 8575B. SBIR grant to develop large area PMT
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Large Area PMT Program
Actively working on Phase II objectives of a DOE SBIR to develop a 20” diameter PMT with cost < $0.75/cm2 of active area, including VDN and cabling
Will also develop 2”, 5”, and 8” variants Want to establish close ties with researchers
associated with proton-decay and neutrino experiments to aid in development
Represents a BURLE commitment to becoming a major player in the HEP market
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Phase I Objectives
1) Define the required PMT performance specifications for future proton-decay and neutrino experiments.
2) Review potential PMT bulb designs that are cost-effective in high volume production while being consistent with the requirements in 1 above.
3) Review the various electron multiplier configurations available relative to cost and performance.
4) Consider methods of integrating the components of 2 and 3 to establish a PMT with the proper performance requirements and yet is cost effective for production.
5) Consider cost-effective manufacturing techniques for the PMT designs identified in 4 above.
6) Plan for the capital requirements for manufacturing PMTs as identified in 5 above for delivery times of 5 years and 8 years with quantity of 60,000 20” PMT equivalent.
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
RequirementsParameter Value Units Comments
Spectral Response 300 - 650 nm Response < 300nm not very useful due to attenuation length in water
Cathode QE at 390nm 20 % Desire as high as possible
Collection Efficiency 70 % Desire as high as possible
Gain 1 x 107
Dark Counts 25 kcps Desire 3 – 4 kHz at 30C
Transit Time Spread (FWHM) 5.5 ns Desire 3 ns
Photocathode area, head-on ~2000 cm2 Sized to give lowest cost per unit area
High Voltage +2000 V Could be higher
Pressure 9 atm Total outside – inside pressure difference. Could use acrylic pressure vessel if needed.
Packaging VDN + HV and signal cables, hermetically sealed
Chemical resistance Pure H2O
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Multiplier Design
Table 2. Electron Multiplier Properties
Parameter Discrete Multiplier MCP HAPD
Gain 107 107 (Z-stack or Chevron with discrete 1st dynode)
105 – 107
Single electron resolution
Good Very Good Excellent
Collection efficiency Very good Good (Very good if using discrete 1st dynode)
Very Good
Operational voltage +2000V +4000V -10,000V
Cost Low Moderate Moderate
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Photocathode Design
Requirements for highest possible QE and lowest possible dark counts are in conflict.
Trade-study will be performed and initial PMT builds will be designed to optimize these parameters. Dark counts of 3kcps are possible, but QE will probably be limited to 20% max.
Electron multiplier design will influence the dark counts, and will be considered in that design
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Phase II Activities
Teamed with the Glass Technology Industry to develop the bulb, tooling, and manufacturing approach.
Establish a shape yielding good electron optics and mechanical integrity
Electron optics studies to establish novel focusing methods Design, tool, and fabricate the electron multiplier. Modify existing exhaust equipment to manufacture prototype
PMTs. Manufacture and test prototype PMTs. Perform environmental tests on prototype PMTs including pressure,
shock/vibration, and temperature. Adapt existing process equipment for low-cost manufacturing.
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Bulb Designs
Mushroom Shape Good for electron optics Large neck area allows for
focusing electrode Manufacturing approach
does not yield consistent results leading to lower mechanical reliability
Design is not conducive to modern glass manufacturing technology
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Bulb Designs
Simple shape, easy to blow
Good for electron optics if mount is elevated to middle of bulb
Excellent mechanical strength
Larger volume than is necessary
Small neck implies simpler sealing techniques
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Bulb Designs
Possible methods to make this shape highly automated
Good for electron optics except for edge TTS
Good mechanical strength Mount is lower in bulb Good use of volume Small neck implies
simpler sealing techniques
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
System Design
-5.000E-01 2.150E+01Z 3.800E-05
1.050E+01
R
Orbit file: Neu10c.TOUTotal orbits: 13Plotted range NOrbMin: 1 NOrbMax: 13Plot mode: ZRMagnification: OFFOrbit range XMin: -6.061E-01 XMax: 9.580E+00 YMin: 0.000E+00 YMax: 0.000E+00 ZMin: 2.000E-02 ZMax: 1.132E+01 RMin: 3.420E-07 RMax: 9.580E+00
Field file: Neu10.EOUPlot type: ContourQuantity: Phi
Minimum value: 0.000E+00Maximum value: 1.999E+03
1.499E+02 2.999E+02 4.498E+02 5.998E+02 7.497E+02 8.996E+02 1.050E+03 1.200E+03 1.349E+03 1.499E+03 1.649E+03 1.799E+03
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
System Design
-5.258E-01 1.846E+01Z 0.000E+00
1.057E+01
R
Orbit file: Neu06c.TOUTotal orbits: 11Plotted range NOrbMin: 1 NOrbMax: 11Plot mode: ZRMagnification: OFFOrbit range XMin: -2.961E-01 XMax: 8.894E+00 YMin: 0.000E+00 YMax: 0.000E+00 ZMin: 0.000E+00 ZMax: 1.142E+01 RMin: 9.801E-04 RMax: 8.894E+00
Field file: Neu06.EOUPlot type: ContourQuantity: Phi
Minimum value: 0.000E+00Maximum value: 1.999E+03
1.499E+02 2.999E+02 4.498E+02 5.998E+02 7.497E+02 8.996E+02 1.050E+03 1.200E+03 1.349E+03 1.499E+03 1.649E+03 1.799E+03
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Ideal Front End Optics
Truncated bulb Uniform E-
field in front of cathode
Small neck TTD ~ 1.5 ns
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Electron Optics Optimization
Different Vectors for Simulations 2 INCH 5 INCH 8 INCH 20 INCH
Build prototypes and test
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
2 INCH 3D-MODEL
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Coincidence Resolving Time Test PMT LSO 4*4*20 mm ¾” PMT
Na22CFD
StartStop
Delay
TPHCCFD
MCA1
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
8575B 2 Inch Prototype
TTD(ns)
FWHM(ns)
-0.21
0.25 0.00 0.05
0.12
0.80
0.91 0.71 0.84
0.97
0.99
0.92 0.82 0.97
0.94
0.12
0.38 0.00 0.49
0.80
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
2 INCH Anode Uniformity
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
General Milestones
5 Inch PMT 2nd Quarter 05
. Compare with 8854
. Sample to Stony Brook
. Pressure Test 8 Inch PMT 2nd Quarter 0620 Inch PMT 4th Quarter 06
6 April 2005 Aussois, France
Summary
Interfacing with glass and bulb manufacturers to optimize cost-effective bulb design.
FEA and environmental testing to validate mechanical integrity of bulb.
Employing 2-D and 3-D electron optics models. Cathode to Dy1 fields Dy1 to the electron multiplier fields
Design and implement novel focusing elements. Required for a bulb with a small neck.
Validated our design concepts on the 2” PMT. Will continue with the 5”, 8”, and 20” PMT’s.
Reviewing different photocathode processes and or design to optimize balance of QE and Dark counts.