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BUI 4

MNH TNH NG(ADJECTIVE CLAUSES/RELATIVE CLAUSES)

C chc nng ca mt tnh t. Cc mnh ny bt u bng cc i tlin hnh: who,

whom, that, whose.. hoc cc ph tlin hnh why, where, when.

VD: This is the bicycle that I would like to buy.

Cc i tquan htrong mnh tnh ng

Nhng tng u cc mnh tnh ng(who, whom, which) c gi l cc i tquan h

- Who: dng thay cho danh ti trc, lm cht(Thay cho chngl ngi)

VD: The man who saw the accident yesterday is my neighbour.

-Whom: dng thay cho danh tchngi, lm tn ng(L trng hp m theo sau n c

mt chngri)The man whom I saw yesterday is John.

-Which: c dng thay cho danh tchvt. con vt, svt, lm chnghoc tn ng

The horse, which I recently bought, is an Arab.

-Whose : c dng chshu cho danh tchngi hoc vt ng trc.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

- Of which: dng chshu cho danh tvhvt ng trc, khng dng cho ngi:

This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.

- That : c thdng thay thwho, whom, which.

Cc i tquan hvi cc gii t: Trong nhng cu c cha mnh tnh ng, gii tthng

c hai vtr:

- C thi trc cc i tquan h: who, whom, which, nhng khng c i trc that.

I dont know the woman about whom you are talking now.

- i sau ng tnu i tquan hl that, who, whom, which

This is the boy that I told you of.

Mnh tnh ngxc nh: l thnh phn c bn trong cu, khng ththiu, khng thbi c.

The book is interesting. The book is on the table

> the book which is on the table is interesting.

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Mnh phtnh ngkhng xc nh: l mnh cung cp thm thng tin, l thnh

phn khng c bn, c thbi c.

Nams book is interesting. It is on the table.

> Nams book, which is on the table, is interesting

Ch :

- Mnh ny ng gia hai du phy

Tchlng vi i tquan h: some of/most of/a lot of/both of/neither of/a pair of+ whom/

which

I go to school with some friends. Most of them are boys.

> I go to school with some friends, most of whom are boys.

We sent him two pictures. Both of them were new.

> we sent him two pictures, both of which were new.

Cc trng hp khng dng that:

- Mnh c cha tchlng

They met many children, most of whom were girls.

* Mnh tnh ngrt gn vi phn t

The Royal College, which was founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country.

> The Royal College, founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country.

Applications which are received after the deadline cannot be considered> Applications received after the deadline cannot be considered.

People who travelled into the city every day are used to the hold-ups.

> People travelling into the city every day are used to the hold-ups.

* Mnh tnh ngrt gn vi ng tnguyn mu

Chng ta dng mnh tnh ngrt gn vi ng tnguyn mu sau cc stht(first,

second...), hnh thc so snh bc nht (oldest...), next, last, only:

Who was the first person that conquered Mount Everest?

> Who was the first person to conquer Mount Everest?

She is the only student who has signed up for the course.

> She is the only student to sign up for the course.

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BI TP 1: NI HAI MNH SDNG LIN TTHCH HP.1. I couldnt sleep..... I was tired.A. Because

B Since then

C. Or

D. That2. They have very little money,.....they are happy.

A. Because

B. So

C. In spite of

D. But

3. We live in the same street, ....we hardly ever see each other.

A. Because

B. Yet

C. Since

D. For

4. Angela got married.....she was 23.A. Because of

B. whose

c. When

D. Where

6. She dresses like that.....everyone will notice her.

A. such to

B. Because of

C. Where

D. So that

7. He sold the car.....it was too small.

A. SinceB. When

C. Who

D. For

8. I will stay here.......

A. Where you get back

B. Which you will get back

C. Until you get back

D. You get back

BI TP 2: NI CU BNG I TQUAN H1. We saw several houses. Most of them were modern.

A. Which most of them were modern.

B. Where they were modern.

C. Most of which were modern.

D. Most of which modern were

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3. We pay a visit to the house.......10 years ago.

A. What we lived in

B. When we lived

C. Which we will live

D. Where we lived in

4. Theyll never forget the day.....their wedding took place on that day. A. WhenB. where

C. Until

D. However

5. Hai phong, .............., is a nice city.

A. Which has streets are green

B. Whose streets are green

C. When are the green streets

D. until the green streets

6. I like the dog.......... is white.

A. Their furB. Whose fur

C. that the fur which

D When their fur will

7. Felipe bought a camera,............. has three lenses.

A. Which

B. Because

C. It will

D. Where

8. Frank is the man. We are going to nominate Frank for the office of treasurer.

(Vit li cu ny).........................................................................................

....................................................................................................................9. Janet wants a typewriter. The typewriter can self-correct.

(Vit li cu ny).............................................................................................................................................................................................................

TOEFL EXERCISES1. _______more than 65,000 described species of protozoa, of which more than half are fossils.

A. Being that there are

B. There being

C. Are there

D. There are

2. The femur, or thighbone, is -------in the human body.(A) the bone is longest

(B) the longest bone that

(C) the longest bone

(D) that of which the longest bone

3. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to

break up and permanently disperse the fat globules.

(A) a process

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(B) which process

(C) a process in which

(D) which is a process

4. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form most

important river system in Alabama.

5. Inertial navigation,---- a vital role in space exploration, employs devices called accelerometersto measure accelerations of spacecraft.

(A) it plays

(B) which plays

(C) which it plays

(D) in which plays

6. ---- as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell.

(A)To which we refer

(B)What do we refer to

(C)That we refer to it

(D) What we refer to

19. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquidform.

A. what

B. in which

C. in whose

D. that

8. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

9. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass,_________ the glass sparkle.

A. which making

B. and making

C. making

D. to making

10. All the major cities of the United States, ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf

of Mexico, began as centers of trade.

A. and to include

B. which including

C. included

D. including11. As seen from the Earth at night, _________ planet Jupiter ranks third among the planets and

stars in maximum brightness, after Venus and Mars.

A. when the

B. in which the

C. the

D. and the

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12. Penicillin, ________, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in

humans.

A. the first antibiotic to be discovered

B. when the first antibiotic to be discovered

C. the first antibiotic that discovered

D. was the first antibiotic to be discovered13. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square

kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.

A. having

B. where there is

C. which is

D. has

14. Early forms of life on Earth, _____ in the absence of oxygen, required elements such as

sulfur instead.

(A) which lived

(B) whose life

(C) lived(D) were living

15. Jackie Joyner-Kersee, _____ the world record in the heptathlon in the 1988 Olympics, also

won the long jump in the year.

(A) whose setting

(B) which she set

(C) whoever set

(D) who set

16. Mango trees, _____ densely covered with glossy leaves and bear small fragrant flowers,

grow rapidly and can attain heights of up to 90 feet.

(A) whose

(B) which are(C) are when

(D) which

17. Mahalia Jackson, _____ combined powerfully vitality with great dignity, was one of the

best known gospel singers in the United-States.

(A) it was her singing

(B) which songs

(C) who sang

(D) whose singing

18. Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists ___ by the government during the

Depression years on various federal art projects.

(A) employed(B) whose employment

(C) to employ

(D) had been employed

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1. This new service will be available to all users _______ up for paid membership.

A. that signed

B. that signed it

C. which signed

D. sign

2. That is a story of hardship _______ our own situation into perspective.

A. puts

B. it puts

C. that it puts

D. that puts

3. John Smith, _______ of economic crimes, tax evasion and fraud, is being accused of

attempted murder now.

A. of that he was accused

B. that was accused

C. whom he was accused

D. who was accused

4. The process uses an innovative digital technology __________ the products with as many

colors as the image contains.

(A) imprints

(B) that imprints it

(C) that imprints

(D) that it imprints

5. The police were greatly outnumbered by rioters, _______ ran into the hundreds.

A. whose figures

B. those figures

C. that its figures

D. its figures that

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Adverb Clauses

1. __________ getting the highest result in the class, John still had problems with the teacher.

(A) Despite of(B) In spite of

(C) Even though

(D) Nonetheless

2. _______ air is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen and only about 21 percent oxygen, is a

little known fact on the streets.

A. How that

B. ThatC. When

D. However

3. _______ he was seen to be an aggressive politician, he was a quiet and loving family man at

home.

A. Although

B. Despite

C. In spite ofD. Nevertheless

4. _______ the variable drops by a unit of 1, the rank drops by X amount.

A. Why

B. Whenever

C. How

D. What

5. This method is widely used _______ algorithm is not only effective but also very simple.

A. because its

B. because

C. it is because

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D. because of its

Main Subject

1. It is said he was a man, _________ to have the vision of an eagle and courage of a lion.

(A) who appeared

(B) he appeared

(C) that appears

(D) and appears

2. Before Johnson & Smith reached great heights in the business world, ______ encountered

many great difficulties in promoting their theories and methods.

A. they

B. who

C. which

D. and

3. After the discovery of the abandoned getaway vehicle, ________ believed to be hiding in the

nearby Riverside forest region.

A. that the bank robber is

B. the bank robber who

C. the bank robber is

D. the bank robber who is

4. A gifted scientist, Newton _______ some of the most fundamental laws in the history of

science.

A. keeps discoveringB. who discovered

C. the discoverer of

D. discovered

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5. George Washington once said that _______ have virtue enough to withstand the highest

bidder.

A. few men

B. the few men

C. few are the menD. the men are few