bundanon landscape plan of management revision … · 8.2 hedges ... figure 1 aerial photograph of...

BUNDANON LANDSCAPE PLAN OF MANAGEMENT

Prepared By

Chris & Charlotte Webb Pty Ltd

Heritage Landscape Consultants

399 Bong Bong St, Bowral 2576 Tel (02) 4861 4899 Fax (02) 4861 4599

Email: [email protected] Revised 2011


Prepared by Chris & Charlotte Webb Pty Ltd Revised August 2010 2 of 44 pages

399 Bong Bong St, BOWRAL NSW 2576

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction _____________________________________________________ 4

1.1 Background ______________________________________________________ 4

1.2 Objectives ________________________________________________________ 4

1.3 Methodology _____________________________________________________ 4

1.4 Authorship _______________________________________________________ 4

1.5 Acknowledgements ________________________________________________ 4

2 Site Identification and Study Area ___________________________________ 5

2.1 Curtilage for the Landscape Management Plan_________________________ 5

2.2 Current Listings __________________________________________________ 5

2.3 Tree Preservation Order ___________________________________________ 6

3 Historic Evidence _________________________________________________ 6

3.1 Summary of Historic Background ____________________________________ 6

3.2 Historic Development of the Homestead Garden ________________________ 7

3.2.1 Original Nineteenth Century Garden ________________________________________ 7

3.2.2 Early twentieth Century Garden ___________________________________________ 8

3.2.3 McGrath and MacDonald Era, 1968-79_____________________________________ 10

3.2.4 Boyd Era ____________________________________________________________ 11

3.2.5 Post 1993 ____________________________________________________________ 12

4 Physical Description _____________________________________________ 12

4.1 Existing Vegetation _______________________________________________ 12

4.1.1 Plant Inventory _______________________________________________________ 12

5 Statement of Significance _________________________________________ 12

6 Constraints and Opportunities______________________________________ 13

6.1 Arising from the Statement of Significance ___________________________ 13

6.2 Arising from the Conservation Management Plan _____________________ 14

6.2.1 House, Servants' Quarters and Kitchen _____________________________________ 14

6.2.2 Arthur Boyd __________________________________________________________ 14

6.2.3 Guidelines for Adaptation of the Fabric ____________________________________ 15

6.2.4 Guidelines for New Features _____________________________________________ 15

6.3 Constraints arising from the Burra Charter of Australia ________________ 15

6.4 Constraints arising from the EPBC Act 1999 __________________________ 15

7 Landscape Opportunities __________________________________________ 15

7.1 Parkland Area ___________________________________________________ 15

7.2 Victorian Shrub Garden ___________________________________________ 16

7.3 Servants quarters courtyard _______________________________________ 16

7.4 Sculpture Garden ________________________________________________ 17

7.5 Car park Garden _________________________________________________ 17

8 Management Policies _____________________________________________ 17




8.1 Tree Policies _____________________________________________________ 17

8.2 Hedges _________________________________________________________ 19

8.3 Climbers within Servants Quarters area _____________________________ 20

8.4 Garden beds _____________________________________________________ 21

8.5 Pest and Disease Control __________________________________________ 21

8.6 Garden bed edging _______________________________________________ 21

8.7 Seating _________________________________________________________ 22

8.8 Garden Ornaments and Sculptures __________________________________ 22

8.9 Paving __________________________________________________________ 22

8.10 Lawn ___________________________________________________________ 23

8.11 Irrigation _______________________________________________________ 23

Appendix 1 English Vogue Article 1977 __________________________________ 24

Appendix 2 Extract from The Happy Valley _______________________________ 25

Appendix 3 Survey of Trees, 1995 _______________________________________ 26

Appendix 4 Survey of Sculpture Garden 1995 _____________________________ 27

Appendix 5 Inventory of Sculpture Garden 1995 ___________________________ 28

Appendix 6 Survey of Trees 2008 _______________________________________ 29

Appendix 7 Tree Schedule 2008 ________________________________________ 30

Appendix 8 Survey of Sculpture Garden and Courtyard _____________________ 35

Appendix 9 Sculpture garden Planting Plan ______________________________ 41

Appendix 10 General Garden Maintenance Schedule _______________________ 42

Table of Figures Figure 1 Aerial Photograph of the Bundanon Homestead and surrounding garden _______________ 5

Figure 2 Bundanon Homestead complex 1915 ____________________________________________ 8

Figure 3 Bundanon Homestead 1918 ___________________________________________________ 8

Figure 4 Bundanon Homestead 1958 ___________________________________________________ 9

Figure 5 Harry Warren standing in the Courtyard _________________________________________ 9

Figure 6 Central courtyard 1977 _____________________________________________________ 11




1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Chris and Charlotte Webb Pty Ltd have been commissioned to prepare a Landscape Plan of Management for the cultural landscape and garden surrounding the Bundanon Homestead by the Bundanon Trust. This report should be read in conjunction with the “Bundanon Trust Properties

Heritage management Plans 2007” Volume 1 – The Plan 2007 and Volume 2 - The Bundanon Conservation Management Plan prepared by Peter Freeman Pty Ltd.

1.2 Objectives

The objectives of this landscape management plan are to: • conserve the cultural landscape in a manner which retains its cultural significance,

with emphasis on the early 19th century period and the period associated with the Boyd family occupancy

• re-establish the inspirational cultural landscape of the Boyd era for appreciation by resident artists and the visiting public

• provide guidance for ongoing maintenance and conservation of the cultural landscape in accordance with the provisions of the Burra Charter and the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999.

1.3 Methodology

This report has been prepared in accordance with the principles and processes outlined in the Burra Charter and the methodology outlined in the Heritage Office & Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 1996, Conservation Management Documents, NSW Heritage Manual, HO/DUAP, Sydney.

1.4 Authorship

This report was written and prepared by Chris and Charlotte Webb Pty Ltd, Landscape Designers and Managers, Heritage and Horticultural Consultants The individuals:

• Charlotte Webb, Masters Heritage Conservation, B.Sc.Ag.(Hort) [Syd.Uni]. Dip. Landscape Design, FAILDM

• Christopher J. Webb, B.Sc.Ag. (Syd Uni) Assoc. Dip. App. Sc. Landscape MAILDM

1.5 Acknowledgements

Jennifer Thompson, Julia Bambach and the staff at Bundanon




2 Site Identification and Study Area The Bundanon Trust properties comprise three discrete properties, which were amalgamated under the ownership of the Arthur and Yvonne Boyd, and the properties are now managed by the Bundanon Trust. These properties are Bundanon/Beeweeree, Riversdale and Eearie Park. The Study area is identified as the Bundanon Homestead and surrounding garden, lying within the curtilage of this heritage listed building. The property is identified as Lot 118 DP 751273, 553 Bundanon Road, Illaroo

2.1 Curtilage for the Landscape Management Plan

The curtilage for the homestead is understood to extend to the fenced area of the garden surrounding the Bundanon Homestead. This curtilage forms the boundaries of the study area for the Landscape Management provided in this report.

Source: Google Earth, August 2008

Figure 1 Aerial Photograph of the Bundanon Homestead and surrounding garden

2.2 Current Listings

Bundanon is included in the following heritage listings: • NSW Heritage Office State Heritage Inventory, Database number 2390857

• Shoalhaven Council LEP 1985 (as at 22 Feb 2008) Schedule 7

• National Trust of Australia (NSW)

• Register of the National Estate, Bundanon including Landscape, Place ID1596. Listed as Registered




2.3 Tree Preservation Order

All trees on the site are currently protected by the Tree Preservation order under “City of Shoalhaven Tree Preservation order 2004”, Schedule 1.

3 Historic Evidence The following history has been extracted from the Conservation Management Plan, prepared by Peter Freeman, 2007.

3.1 Summary of Historic Background

Bundanon and the associated properties are now owned and managed by a trust for the Commonwealth of Australia. The first grant was of 600 acres was made to Richard Henry Brown for a quit rent of 4 pounds 10 Shillings per year, conditional on the clearing of 55 acres which were to be fenced and cultivated within five years, commencing January 1831. The Bundanon property was sold to Dr Kenneth MacKenzie in 1838, who settled in the first homestead west of Haunted Point overlooking the river flats. The following year Dr MacKenzie made application to lease the neighbouring 850 acres, which he had previously leased but allowed the lease to lapse. The same year MacKenzie’s family started to expand with the birth of his first daughter, followed by a son, two daughters and finally in 1843 his second son Hugh, who inherited the property in 1879. Dr MacKenzie and his family moved into the newly constructed rubble-stone two storey residence ‘Bundanon’ in 1866 which had been carefully sited above the flood levels of the 1860 floods. The floods ten years later washed away most of the Bundanon outbuildings; however the homestead and the worker’s huts remained above the flood levels. Hugh MacKenzie married Bella Biddulph of ‘Eearie’ in 1876. By 1901 they had eleven children who were schooled by a governess. Their eldest son Kenneth took over the property on the death of his father in 1917. Under Kenneth MacKenzie, Bundanon was home to between twenty-five and thirty people, including the MacKenzie family and five to six farm labourers/servants families. By 1902 the tennis court to the east of the house had been constructed. Kenneth MacKenzie Jnr’s ownership of the property was short as he drowned in the Shoalhaven River trying to save his daughter Helen, who had been washing her pony after the Nowra Show. The Jacaranda in the garden was planted in memory of Kenneth and Helen. The MacKenzie family left Bundanon in 1926 when 'Bundanon Farm' was leased to tenant farmers for the following 45 years. The MacKenzie’s finally sold the property to in 1967 to Jim Lawrence, who retained the Warren family as the tenant farmers until the property was again sold in 1968 to Sandra and Michael Anthony McGrath and Francis McDonald.




During the ownership of the property by the McGraths and McDonald the majority of the working buildings were removed and the grounds extensively landscaped. The breezeway was added in 1969 to link the Homestead to the weatherboard kitchen and servants quarters, and the pergola was added to the north. With no interest from the State Government to purchase Bundanon from the McGraths and MacDonald, in 1979 the property was sold privately for $800,000 to Arthur and Yvonne Boyd. This added to their existing holding of the neighbouring property ‘Riversdale’ purchased in 1974. For the next four years the property was managed by David Blackall. Property management was taken over by Rod and Debbie Walker until 1993 when the property was bequeathed to the Australian people. The Bundanon Trust, a Commonwealth owned company, was established. In August 1993 the Bundanon Trust commenced an Artist-in-Residence program at Bundanon and Riversdale. Arthur and Yvonne Boyd were made artists in residence for life at Bundanon in June 1993. The property continues to be managed by the Bundanon Trust, on behalf of the Commonwealth Government.

3.2 Historic Development of the Homestead Garden

The area surrounding the historic homestead has been influenced by a number of owners and managers of the property. The most significant phases after the original nineteenth Century garden occurred under the ownership of the McGrath’s and MacDonald in the 1960s/70s, and again under the management of Rod and Debbie Walker during the period of the Boyd ownership.

3.2.1 Original Nineteenth Century Garden

The oldest trees on the site are probably the Bunya pines (Araucaria bidwillii), to the south of the house, planted in the 1860s when the house was built. These trees mark either side of the access road to the Shoalhaven River and the punt. Bunya pines were traditionally used in the nineteenth century as “landmark” trees and showed the location of a major dwelling/homestead. The early nineteenth century photograph shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 also show the Port Jackson Fig adjacent to the southern wall of the house, the Magnolia

grandiflora to the north of the house, and the leaning Araucaria cookii (A.

columnaris) along the western fenceline of the garden adjacent to Araucaria bidwillii

and Araucaria heterophylla. The original orchard and vegetable garden were located to the north east of the homestead, between the ridge line and the 1870s constructed dam. The orchard was producing fruit for neighbouring land holders such as the Thomson family of Burrier in the late 1880s. The Bundanon Conservation Management Plan makes particular mention of the loquats produced from the orchard. The tennis court, constructed at the turn of the century, was sited to the north of the house adjacent to the orchard and vegetable garden. It has since been removed.




Source: Bundanon Trust Archives. Photo courtesy of Elinor Dillon

Figure 2 Bundanon Homestead complex 1915

Source: Bundanon Trust Archives. Photo courtesy of Elinor Dillon

Figure 3 Bundanon Homestead 1918

3.2.2 Early twentieth Century Garden

The Jacaranda tree planted to the south east of the house has been identified as a memorial tree to Kenneth and Helen MacKenzie who drowned in 1922. The Robinia pseudoacacia to the north of the house were possibly planted at this time, perhaps to provide summer shade for the various buildings in this area. The introduction of coral trees to the landscape dates from 1950 at the earliest. Figure 4 shows the front of the homestead in 1958, with the original timber and wire netting garden fence in the foreground close to the house and the existing Magnolia.




To the east of the house the garden boundary picket fence can be seen below the Port Jackson Fig.

Source: Bundanon Trust Archives

Figure 4 Bundanon Homestead 1958

Figure 5 shows Harry Warren standing on the verandah of the kitchen taken in the central courtyard shows the garden behind, with a timber paling fence separating the courtyard from the open grassed area behind which was later to become the enclosed sculpture garden.

Source: Bundanon Trust Archives

Figure 5 Harry Warren standing in the Courtyard




3.2.3 McGrath and MacDonald Era, 1968-79

During the late 1960s and 1970s, major renovations were undertaken in the garden, particularly by Frank MacDonald, co-owner of the property with Sandra and Tony McGrath. According to the 1977 Vogue Living in Australia article by John Mortimer (see Appendix 1) about Frank MacDonald and Bundanon, the homestead landscaping was originally worked out by English garden designer John Codrington, who in the late 1960’s also redesigned parts of the heritage listed garden at Retford Park, Bowral for James Fairfax. The article describes the landscape as “a formal garden behind the house, but the rest, including an artificial lake above a real one, has a completely natural look”1. The Australian Home Journal article “The Happy Valley” by Carol Henty provides a comprehensive description of the garden in the 1970s, eight years after Frank MacDonald had started work renovating and extending the garden. An extract of the article is attached in Appendix 2. The article describes some of the mature trees and shrubs on the site, including the Port Jackson Fig, Araucaria bidwillii, Magnolia grandiflora, Jacaranda and a “paddock of mature Robinias”. The area to the south of the house adjacent to the Port Jackson Fig is described as

“an already mature Victorian shrubbery planted ‘to keep alive the element of surprise’ hid the view of the house…. (planted to) prunus trees, loquats, hydrangeas and virgilias … and to the front was a view of paddocks rolling right up to the verandah of the house”

The original 1870 dam was reshaped to create sheer sides and an island installed for the protection of geese and ducks, with weeping willows planted along the edge. During this period fast growing deciduous trees, including Populus yunanensis (American poplars), Populus lombardii (Lombardy Poplars) and Salix babylonica (weeping willows) were added to the palette of plants in the garden providing a quick impact. A new orchard planted to almonds, plums and peaches was installed to the north of the enclosed garden with trees underplanted to Iceland poppies and forget-me-nots. Allium and Acanthus were clumped in the middle of the paddock adjacent to the orchard. Frank MacDonald created the perennial garden to the west of the house. This garden was designed to reflect the traditional walled gardens of England by enclosing the area with Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry laurel) and Ilex cornuta (Chinese holly). These hedges now play an important roll in the structure of the garden providing separation of the sculpture garden from the surrounding parkland area. The enclosed garden featured three long perennial borders separated by lawn walks. The beds were planted to six varieties of Viburnum, delphinium, foxgloves, white

1 James Mortimer “Getting away to Bundanon – Art Dealer’s Escape” English Vogue January

1977, p10




Watsonia, Nicotiana, blue Tradescantia and forget-me-nots in tones of blue, white, silver and green. The garden beds were edged with various herbs including parsley, chives and rhubarb. Trees included a pink flowering Crab apple, quince, citrus trees, and a weeping silver pear. Although the area was enclosed, it was still sunny with plants kept at a height to maintain views across the overall garden. Figure 6 shows the central courtyard in 1977. A broad expanse of concrete linked the two weatherboard cottages, with a timber and wire pergola covered with a wisteria and grape. Small garden beds on either end of the concrete were planted to Ajuga. The top of the water tank sat well above ground level. The western end of this garden was paved with bricks laid in a basket weave pattern.

Source: Vogue Living 1972

Figure 6 Central courtyard 1977

3.2.4 Boyd Era

The Boyd Era from 1979 to 1993 consolidated the existing garden. As Arthur Boyd built his studio in 1981 at the end of the cottage garden, it became an important element in the daily life of the Boyds. With the help of Rod and Debbie Walker, the cottage garden was improved to create a florific garden based on roses with massed white flowers. In a visit to Bundanon by Don Burke, televised on Burkes Backyard, Arthur Boyd is interviewed while walking in the sculpture garden. This garden was dominated by roses and white flowering perennials. Arthur Boyd makes mention of the need to include water in the garden to compliment the siting of the sculptures created by his brother. The enclosed garden was still sunny, with featured broad lawn walks between the densely planted perennial garden beds.




During the Boyd era the gardens around the homestead were extended, including the small garden along the eastern façade of the house which was planted with variegated cumquats flanked by white flowering Azalea magnifica.

3.2.5 Post 1993

After the property was given to the Commonwealth, the garden has been guided by the property manager and the Friends of the Bundanon Garden. Weekly visits were undertaken by the Friends to implement a plan for the garden developed by Norma Norris; Norma and Ian Norris were the mainstays of the garden group, a further ADFAS initiative, for a number of years. In 1995 a sponsorship by Illawarra Electricity was provided to assist with further development of the gardens. By 1996 a second volunteer landscape group, Friends of the Bundanon Bush, was formed. The visitors’ toilet block was added to the garden in December 1996 to the west of the sculpture garden. Another renovation undertaken in the garden was reported in the Annual Report as follows: A group of volunteers and staff members looked at the garden and decided we needed

to improve the soil, remove old shrubs, prune and replace old plants with new.

There’s been a noticeable improvement in the Bundanon garden, which has been

commented on by many people.

The gardens were surveyed and a planting schedule prepared during the late 1990s, in accordance with the planting plan attached Appendix 3, Appendix 4 and Appendix 5

4 Physical Description

4.1 Existing Vegetation

The vegetation on the site consists of mature exotic trees surrounding the house, with a small hedge enclosed garden to the north of the building group. Plantings within the courtyard area have been reduced over recent years to comply with the Conservation Management Plan.

4.1.1 Plant Inventory

Plans of all significant trees, shrubs, and garden beds, along with Codes identifying botanical and common names is attached in Appendix 6, Appendix 7 and Appendix 8

5 Statement of Significance The following Statement of Significance for the cultural landscape within the study area is an extract from the Bundanon Conservation Management Plan The cultural landscape at Bundanon is important in demonstrating the principal

characteristics of nineteenth century pastoral estate landscapes. Attributes which

clearly illustrate the principal characteristics are implicit in: the location of the house

in the landscape setting; the range of supporting nineteenth century buildings which

relate the main house as focus to the working landscape; the pattern of cultivation,

planting and land use which has developed subject to natural constraints; and the self




contained, self sufficient nature of the property implicit in the underlying nineteenth

century landscape elements.

Bundanon is highly valued by the wider community for; cultural and educational

values implicit in the ongoing artists program; social associations implicit in links

with local families; and symbolic associations implicit in the wider landscape which

featured in the work of international painter Arthur Boyd. In this respect the property

is directly associated at national level with Arthur Boyd whose return to Australia and

the Shoalhaven, rests on Bundanon

Orchard Remnant Historically important in illustrating; the self sufficient nature of the property into the twentieth century; nineteenth century land use patterns; and occupancy

Bunya Pines, Norfolk Island pine, Cook Pine Historically important in illustrating the development of the cultural landscape and internal track system which developed after construction of the main house in 1866; and site development and occupancy

Other Plantings The jacaranda tree, magnolia tree and Port Jackson fig tree are historically important nineteenth and early twentieth century plantings which illustrate the available horticultural material, the choices made by the MacKenzie family and MacKenzie family sentiment in addition to the scale and nature of the Victorian garden which once surrounded the main house.

6 Constraints and Opportunities The historic interpretation of the garden should endeavour to present an integrated set of heritage values of the cultural landscape, which recognises all aspects of the significance of the property.

6.1 Arising from the Statement of Significance

The conservation and management of the garden should be undertaken in the context of future development, which should aim to protect the cultural significance of the garden, and be undertaken in a manner that does not detract from this significance. Curtilage of the Homestead

The curtilage is vital to the integrity of the place. It is critical to the appreciation of the residence in its setting. The curtilage for the homestead is identified as the line of the existing boundary fences separating the homestead from the surrounding farm land.

Guidelines

• The residence and its significant curtilage should be retained

• New structures may be added in areas of lesser significance that are deemed to have little or no impact on the setting of the residence.

• New structures should be sited in such a way that they are of an appropriate character and form.




Conservation of the Designed Landscape

The Landscape management should maintain the integrity of the cultural landscape and its relationship to the historic residence.

Guidelines • Retention of the existing significant designed landscape represented by remnant

cultural plantings including the Araucaria bidwillii, Araucaria cookii, Araucaria

heterophylla, Magnolia grandiflora and Jacaranda mimosa

• Retention of the significant cottage / sculpture garden to the west of the house

• Future development of the designed landscape should be sympathetic to the style of gardening developed around the Bundanon Homestead

6.2 Arising from the Conservation Management Plan

The following constraints and opportunities for this heritage listed property have been extracted from the Bundanon Conservation Management Plan, as they apply to the homestead garden.

6.2.1 House, Servants' Quarters and Kitchen

ISSUES

• Prevention of further loss or adaptation of nineteenth century fabric.

• The loss of spatial quality between the three buildings due to loss of the skillion kitchen as functional focus.

• The rise in soil levels over the last 25 years which is compromising the fabric of all three buildings and the in ground brick cistern.

• Inappropriate landscaping of the spaces between the buildings.

• Potential over use of the buildings through increased public access. CONSTRAINTS

• Existing and established use and landscape patterns

OPPORTUNITIES

• Potential to improve the conservation of the buildings by pro-active changes to the landscaping of the areas

• Address the area between the buildings, including the surface treatment and changes in relative levels

• The potential for re-construction of a skillion roof to articulate the space between the buildings and identify the former kitchen site.

6.2.2 Arthur Boyd

ISSUES

• the degree to which Boyd's impact on Bundanon is recognised in the landscape and garden

CONSTRAINTS • the relationship between the Boyd studio and the original buildings

OPPORTUNITIES

• Interpretation of the sculpture garden adopted by Boyd in addition to the collection of work by the Boyd family and other artists




6.2.3 Guidelines for Adaptation of the Fabric

• Adaptation of the landform is only permitted as part of minor drainage works detailed in the management strategy; no major earthworks should be undertaken.

6.2.4 Guidelines for New Features

• No new vegetation should be introduced to the site other than that required to maintain/perpetuate nineteenth century plantings and specimen fruit trees

• No new pathways, tracks or roads should be introduced to the site that may significantly impact on the historic plantings or the existing landform

6.3 Constraints arising from the Burra Charter of Australia • Provision should be made for the continuing security and maintenance of this

significant cultural landscape (Article 2)

• All conservation/maintenance work should respect the existing fabric of the garden and involve only minimum intervention to the existing significant qualities (Article 3)

• Significant fabric including garden plantings from all periods should be recognised as contributing to the overall significance of the garden (Article 5)

• The visual setting for the garden should be maintained and no new construction or other action which could adversely affect the setting should occur within the visual catchment of the garden (Article 8)

• Significant landscape features should remain in their positions unless relocation is the sole means of achieving survival (Article 9)

• Restoration of the garden should reinforce its significant aspects. Restoration work should be based on relevant physical and documentary evidence (Article 14)

• Existing significant garden elements should be recorded before intervention occurs (Article 23)

6.4 Constraints arising from the EPBC Act 1999

The heritage values of a place included in the National Heritage Register are protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. This means that a person cannot take an action that has, will have or is likely to have, a significant impact on the heritage values of the place without the approval of the Australian Government Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities.

7 Landscape Opportunities Many opportunities exist to improve the creative environment around the homestead, providing inspiration to resident artists and become an attractive environment for visitors to the Bundanon property. The garden currently divides itself into three distinct periods as outlined in Section 3.2, being the Nineteenth Century colonial landscape, the creation of the ornamental gardens during the McGrath/MacDonald period, and the Arthur and Yvonne Boyd development era.

7.1 Parkland Area

The parkland area surrounding the homestead is dominated by the nineteenth Century colonial/Victorian plantings. There is limited opportunity to develop the area without affecting the significance of the area and the setting of the homestead.




ACTIONS • All trees within this broad landscape should be maintained in good health. Regular

inspections should be undertaken by an arborist, and trees pruned or trained where necessary

• All trees affected by strangler fig growth should be removed

• Wire clothes line to the north east of the sculpture garden should be removed to reduce OH & S hazard

• Where conflict occurs between existing tree canopies, consideration should be given to reducing one or more canopies

7.2 Victorian Shrub Garden

The shrub garden to the south of the homestead under, and adjacent to, the fig has been identified as an original Victorian shrub garden. An opportunity exists to develop this area to reinstate the earlier Victorian garden, and to reinstate the visual barrier between the car park and the eastern lawn in front of the homestead. ACTIONS

• Remove existing conifers and dead trees in this area, as identified in the tree schedule in Appendix 7

• Remove existing ground covers including Vinca major below the fig as it is an environmental weed. Replace with Vinca minor

• Carry out canopy thinning to allow better light penetration into the lower storey

• Remove all grass from under the canopy, and mulch well

• Introduce further plantings appropriate to the period suitable for growing in the shade

• Recommended planting for this area to include Viburnum, Pieris, and groundcover of Hellebores, Lamium maculatum White Nancy.

7.3 Servants quarters courtyard

An opportunity exists to improve the aesthetic qualities of the servant’s quarter’s courtyard, incorporating the existing herb and magnolia garden. As this garden was established during the period of the McGrath/MacDonald ownership, the significance of the individual plantings is limited. Modification to this area will not impact on the original nineteenth century landscape. ACTION

• The main feature of this garden is the wisteria and grape covered pergola. These plants should be retained, although heavy pruning should be undertaken on the wisteria to reduce the weight of the canopy and the strain on the pergola structure

• The garden bed between the cottages and the house provides an opportunity to improve the overall aesthetic qualities in the area. Planting to include perennial flowering shrubs and groundcovers such as Hebe Wiri Mist with a ground cover planting of Convolvulus mauritanicus.

• Consideration should be given to replacing the ivy with Trachelospermum

jasminoides, which provides a similar effect to ivy but is not as aggressive.

• The herb garden to be upgraded to provide seasonal colour and interest in the garden, while maintaining year round structure. Renovate the garden area by reducing the assortment and increasing the quantity of individual herbs to create a more aesthetically pleasing garden. Edge the garden area with a prostrate rosemary border. Interplant paving leading into the garden area with ground cover thyme. Add Rosemary shrubs, and trim to keep in an organised shape

• The Magnolia garden to be replanted with a complete groundcover of Helleborus

orientalis, Helleborus sternii, and Ajuga reptans Jungle Beauty.




• Consideration should be given to incorporating a small seat at the end of the path adjacent to the paling fence. This will provide a focal point to the garden and a reason for the existing path.

•

7.4 Sculpture Garden

The sculpture garden was originally created by Frank MacDonald, and renovated during the period of ownership by Arthur and Yvonne Boyd. Both MacDonald and the Boyds maintained this garden as a highly florific garden, based on the colours of white, blue and silver with a touch of pink added through roses and the flowering trees. An opportunity exists to upgrade this area to create an inspiring environment and a showpiece for visitors to the property without affecting the significance of the garden or the surrounding nineteenth century garden ACTION

• The existing planting scheme should be revised to allow for the change to the microclimate of this garden.

• The current lack of light will limit the opportunity for roses in the garden, an addition made during the Boyd era. The lowering of the hedges will provide better light penetration and create sites within the garden to reestablish some of the original roses.

• Once the hedges are reduced, the planting scheme in the garden will need to be reviewed due to the increased light in the garden.

• An opportunity exists to incorporate a small water feature in the garden, in accordance with views expressed by Arthur Boyd during his interview with Don Burke.

• Each garden bed to be upgraded with additional plantings, as outlined in the Planting plan attached in Appendix 9

7.5 Car park Garden

The car park area is currently unattractive and very functional. An opportunity exists to set the Kitchen building within a landscaped area and to create a welcoming garden to visitors. ACTION

• Create a cottage garden in keeping with the enclosed garden, between the car park and the kitchen building.

• Provide indications of how to enter the garden, in conjunction with improved signage

• Construct a small dry stone wall for the length of the garden area, and backfill with free draining garden soil.

• Recommended planting improvement attached in Appendix 9

8 Management Policies

8.1 Tree Policies

Tree Assessment All trees should have an annual review by a suitably qualified Arborist to assess the health of the trees which will identify appropriate remedial work. Many of the trees require corrective tree surgery to remove deadwood, to shape and to canopy thin to




reduce shading. In Appendix 7 observations have been made on the health of each tree and these comments should be conveyed to the Arborist for his attention. ACTION

• Commence an annual review of the trees by a suitably qualified arborist

• Create a tree management data base based on the tree inventory recording the observations and recommendations for every tree.

• Enact the Arborists recommendations

General Tree Replacement Many of the trees will need replacing due to their age and declining health. In most cases trees should be replaced by the same species in an advanced size no less than 45litre. If trees are to be replaced by different species the landscape consultant should be contacted to ensure that the species fulfills the desired landscape design outcome. In conjunction with the arborist, trees which are in long term decline should be identified to allow for replanting in preparation for removal. ACTION

• To remove any tree approval must be sought from Shoalhaven City Council

• Remove dead or declining trees as identified in the tree schedule in Appendix 7

• Replant with the same or replacement species in close proximity to the removed tree. Some trees may not need replacing, such as the Robinias close to the Studio

• Record the new tree on the tree inventory and identify with a number in accordance with the tree schedule

• Commence a long term replacement planting program based on the identification of trees which are in long term decline

Replacement of Memorial and Significant Trees This report has identified a number of significant trees on the site due to their age and size. The jacaranda to the north of the house has been identified as a memorial tree. The Conservation Management Plan also makes a suggestion the Port Jackson Fig may also have been a memorial tree. Many of these trees have reached maturity, and may decline or die in the short term. ACTION

• To ensure continuity of the memorial trees, cuttings should be taken and grown on to a healthy size to allow planting out in the garden.

• At least one extra specimen of each tree should be grown in the garden to provide a replacement tree if necessary

• If the original tree were to die in the short term, the replacement trees can be transplanted onto the site if so advised by the heritage architect and the heritage landscape consultant

• The second specimen will provide a further source of propagation material if the tree grows to a size considered too large to transplant

Tree Mulching All trees will benefit by the application of a thick layer of mulch beneath their drip zones. Mulching will reduce compaction, improve water retention, limit trunk injury from mowing, cover exposed roots and reduce weeding. Mulch should be laid at least 75mm thick over at least half of the diameter of the drip zone.




ACTION • Remove the lawn from the area to be mulched with an application of Glyphosate

(such as Roundup®) in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

• Spread a layer of coarse eucalyptus mulch or pine bark mulch around the trees drip zone for a distance of at least 1 metre radius, ensuring that the mulch is not in contact with the trunk.

• Replace the poor grassed area under the Podocarpus to the west of the studio with a continual cover of mulch.

•

•

Tree Maintenance Tree health is directly related to the level of care given them. Fertilizer and water are critical for plant heath and appropriate measures should be taken to ensure adequate levels of both. Monitoring of pests and diseases is essential to allow for quick response to infestations or disease outbreak. ACTION

• Monitoring and reporting should be part of everyday activities

• Fertilize trees annually with a balanced fertilizer specifically formulated for trees

• Water trees deeply during extended dry periods

Figs There should be careful scrutiny of the development of epiphytic fig seedlings. Fig seedlings establish quickly and will, unchecked, destroy the existing established trees. A number of established trees are affected by epiphytic figs and will need to be removed. ACTION

• Monitor and report the development of epiphytic fig seedling in established trees.

• Remove seedlings

• Trees currently affected by epiphytic figs which need to be removed are identified in the Tree Schedule, see Appendix 7. Not all trees need to be replaced

Tree Pruning All pruning carried out on the site should be in accordance with Australian Standard Pruning of Amenity Trees, AS 4373

8.2 Hedges

The hedges surrounding the Sculpture garden require urgent attention to improve their shape, scale and density. Careful pruning should be undertaken over several years to reinvigorate the hedges. Policy 1 Hedge Height Hedges should be kept at no more than 3 meters high. The height of the toilet block roof will determine the ultimate height of the hedge. ACTION

• In year one, reduce the height of both Ilex and Prunus hedges by one third and reduce the width of the hedge on the face adjacent to the Sculpture garden by at least 500mm

• In year 2 reduce the width of the hedge as outlined below




• The final hedge height should provide screening of the visitors toilet block from the sculpture garden

•

Hedge Widths Hedges surrounding the sculpture garden should be kept at no more than 1.5 metres wide ACTION

• To achieve the desired outcomes, this program must be undertaken in two consecutive years

• The current width of the hedge should be reduced gradually over a period of at least two years. To achieve this the hedge should be trimmed on the sunny side (north or east) in the initial year, followed by a reduction the following year on the west or south side

• The final hedge width for both the Ilex and Prunus should be maintained at no greater than 1.5 metres

General Hedge Maintenance Hedges require regular fertilizing, watering and pest and disease management to ensure vigorous growth in response to regular trimming. ACTION

• Fertilize the hedges at least at the beginning of Spring and Autumn with a balanced all purpose fertilizer at the manufactures recommended application rate

• Water the hedges if there is a prolonged dry period or the hedges appear under water stress

• Monitor pest diseases and respond where necessary

• Treat the scale infestation currently evident on the Ilex hedge with Antiscale® spray or similar applied at the manufacturers recommended rate

• Maintain hedge trimming once they have been brought to the required dimensions at the end of each growing season (Spring & Autumn)

8.3 Climbers within Servants Quarters area

The wisteria and grape vines over the pergola in the servant’s quarter area should be managed to prevent overgrowth of vegetation and subsequent impact on the pergola. ACTION

• Assess both wisteria and grape vigour and health. The wisteria currently shows signs of dry rot in some branches, which should be removed with a clean pruning saw to prevent further infection

• Reduce amount of vegetative growth of the climbers to provide shade for seating area while minimising stress and weight bearing load on the pergola structure. Part of the pergola structure needs to be replaced, and an alternate structure erected to take the weight of the wisteria on the southern end of the buildings.

• Frequent trimming of wisteria, particularly in the growing season, will reduce vegetative runners and encourage flowering wood to develop

• The timber trellis with the jasmine in front of the water tank needs to be refixed or reconstructed to provide better support for the jasmine

• Incorporate the large wisteria outside the office into the garden bed when the paving is relaid.




8.4 Garden beds

Garden beds should be mulched to reduce water use and to suppress weed growth. They should also be regularly fertilized and watered to ensure vigorous, healthy growth. Weeding should be carried out on an ongoing basis ACTION

• Mulch garden beds with at least 75mm of high quality mulch such as chopped Lucerne, Tea Tree mulch or mushroom compost (only if pH controlled)

• Fertilize all garden beds with a general all purpose fertilizer such as Organic Life®, Dynamic Lifter® or Multi grow®, at least at the beginning of Spring and Autumn, at the manufacturers recommended application rate

• Water garden beds as required

• Replant the garden beds in accordance with the concept planting plan attached in Appendix 9

•

8.5 Pest and Disease Control

Pests and diseases are a constant concern in any garden. A well fertilized, happy growing garden is generally more resistant to attacks from most pests and diseases. ACTION

• Constantly monitor all plants for signs of pests and diseases, particularly during growing seasons

• Fungal attack, such as sooty mould, powdery mildew and black spot are usually very active during the warm, humid summer months. Powdery mildew tends to be worse in the late summer/autumn.

• Insect attacks common in most gardens. Plants should be monitored weekly. Aphids and scale generally occur in all growing seasons. Caterpillars usually occur in late spring /early summer. Red spider mite and thrips, both of which attack azaleas, attack in early to mid summer (generally around Christmas time).

• The Port Jackson fig and the Holly hedge currently have an infestation with scale, and should be treated with an insecticide

• The apple in the sculpture garden has an infestation of woolly aphid. Spray with Rogor or equivalent, ensuring the lower sections of the trunk are well sprayed to prevent the aphids traveling up into the canopy in spring. A ground drench with Rogor, diluted according to manufacturer’s directions, should limit the spring attack.

• A general seasonal maintenance schedule is attached in Appendix 10

8.6 Garden bed edging

The existing Sculpture Garden bed edging of stone on edge should be replaced with an inconspicuous form of edging. The stone on edge edging has potential as an OH&S issue and is generally unsympathetic to the style of the garden. ACTION

• Remove stone on edge garden bed edging.

• Replace with either treated pine timber edging 20mm x 90 mm or mild steel edging 90mm x 1.5mm.

• All edging should only protrude above finished surface level by 10mm

• Where beds are currently higher than the surrounding paths, the beds should be battered down to meet the paths




8.7 Seating

Garden seating should be of a standard form and be as unobtrusive as possible. The amount of seating should be adequate for the number of visitors and be located appropriately. ACTION

• Remove the existing large scale oversized garden benches.

• Install garden benches in a form and style appropriate to the scale of the garden area in which they are to be located

• The existing picnic furniture could be considered for upgrading to compliment their environment

8.8 Garden Ornaments and Sculptures

Existing and new garden ornaments and sculptures can be a hazard to the visiting public if they are unstable ACTION

• Securely fix all pots by bolting the base of the pot to a well secured base before potting up with the infill plants

• Secure all garden sculptures to a well secured base

• Ensure all ornamental seating is well secured

8.9 Paving

The paving in the Courtyard is currently uneven from root disturbance by the large Wisteria which has created a trip hazard. The paving level is high relative to the veranda adjacent to the office building and may contribute to poor air flow and drainage beneath this building. Policy 1 Drainage To direct water away from the building, a drainage channel should be installed for the length of the servant’s quarters ACTION

• Install an open brick edged void beside the veranda to improve drainage and airflow

• Install a manufactured drainage channel within the open void, directing water away from the building according to the existing slope of the land

Policy 2 Paving surface Create and maintain a smooth finish to the paving level ACTION

• Remove the single step currently located adjacent to the Magnolia, relay paving and grade paved area to direct surface water to the drainage channel described above

• Remove pavers around the wisteria trunk to a distance of at least 500mm from the trunk. This will minimize the damage to the surrounding paving by the wisteria roots.

• Mulch the base of the wisteria well, ensuring the finished level of the mulch is close to the finished paving level

• Retain all surplus bricks

Policy 3 Replacement of pavers under pergola The uneven paved area under the pergola, currently used as a seating area, is paved with assorted brick styles ACTION

• Relay the paved area to create a smooth even grade




• Replace the mismatched bricks where possible with surplus bricks from the repaved area around the wisteria

8.10 Lawn

The Kikuyu lawn is generally low maintenance and most importantly has a low water requirement. Fertilizing would improve the overall colour of the lawn but may in fact increase the amount of mowing required which could be a negative impact. Kikuyu is an aggressive invasive grass species and should be separated from garden beds wherever possible with garden bed edging.

8.11 Irrigation

The existing garden bed irrigation system is an above ground spray system. Although an automatic control box is located in the garden shed it is operated manually. ACTION

• Reinstate the automatic controller

• Replace the existing garden bed spray system with a pressure compensating inline dripper system such as Nettafim® drip line with a 300mm dripper spacing.

• This dripper line to be installed beneath the mulch




Appendix 1 English Vogue Article 1977




Appendix 2 Extract from The Happy Valley




Appendix 3 Survey of Trees, 1995




Appendix 4 Survey of Sculpture Garden 1995




Appendix 5 Inventory of Sculpture Garden 1995




Appendix 6 Survey of Trees 2008




Appendix 7 Tree Schedule 2008 The following tree schedule refers to the tree schedule plan, as attached in Appendix 6 CACH = Caliper at Chest Height; M = multitrunked

No. Botanical Name Common Name Height Metres

Spread Metres

CACH mm Comment

1 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Bunya 8 5 350 Young & healthy

2 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Bunya 8 5 350 Young & healthy

4 Prunus laurocerasus Cherry laurel 3 5 350 Remove

5 Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong 7 3 200

Some old bark damage, healthy

6 Araucaria heterophylla

Norfolk Island Pine 20 14 1500

Hollow with dead branches directly above

7 Araucaria columnaris Cook's pine 22 4.5 1000

Bleeding from exposed wound, possibly borer damage

8 Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong 7 2 150 Healthy

10 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Bunya 7 5 300 Healthy

12 Populus deltoides Cotton Wood 12 4.5 350 Some dead branches, healthy

13 Populus deltoides Cotton Wood 12 5 400 Some dead branches, healthy

14 Gleditsia tricanthos Gleditsia 12 6 400 Some dead branches, healthy

15 Gleditsia tricanthos Gleditsia 11 7 300 Some dead branches, healthy

16 Calodendron capense Cape chestnut 7 6 M Healthy

17 Calodendron capense Cape chestnut 7 4 150 Healthy



20 Acmena Lilli Pilli 10 4 200 Healthy

20A Glochidium ferdinandii Cheese tree 10 6 350 Healthy

21 Calodendron capense Cape chestnut 8 3.5 150 Poor health, may need to be removed

22 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 13 5 500 Good health, leaning over studio

23 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 13 6 500 Good health

24 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 8 4.5 350 Good health

25 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 10 6 M Good health

26 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 11 6.5 800 Good health

27 Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 10 7 500 Good health

28 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 5 350 Extensive dead wood

31 Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 16 5 300 Good health

32 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 10 350

Extensive dead wood, 2 main trunks one leaning over studio

33 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 8 350 Possibly dead, review in Spring





Spread Metres

CACH mm Comment

34 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 11 6 1000 Hosting fig, extensive deadwood

35 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 6.5 350 Some deadwood

36 Cydonia oblonga Quince 3.5 3 M Remove, serious rot in trunk, propagate

37 Pyrus communis Pear 8 4 300 Healthy, prune to shape

38 Cydonia oblonga Quince 3.5 7 M some dead wood

39 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 7 6 250 Healthy


41 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 10 600 Some dead wood

42 Olea europea Olive 7 10 M Remove suckers and deadwood

43 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 6 400 Healthy

44 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 10 600

Hosting fig, healthy, some deadwood, old bark injury

45 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 7 400 Healthy, some deadwood

46 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 6 450 Healthy, some deadwood




49A Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 7 350 Healthy


51 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 10 1m Hosting fig, healthy, deadwood

52 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 9 900 Hosting fig, healthy, deadwood


54 Malus sp Apple 7 8 300 Healthy

55 Toona ciliata Red Cedar 10 9 300 Healthy

56 Eleocarpus reticulatus Blue berry ash 9 4 100 Remove due to crowding

57 Platanus orientalis Plane tree 12 9 600 Healthy

58 Acmena sp Lilli Pilli 10 4 200 Healthy

59 Acmena sp Lilli Pilli 10 4 200 Healthy

60 Gleditsia tricanthos Gleditsia 12 8 400 Healthy, deadwood

61 Cydonia oblonga Quince 4 5 M Healthy

62 Olea europea Olive 8 5 M Healthy

63 Cedrus deodara Himalayan cedar 10 6 350 Healthy but sparse foliage

65 Prunus sp Prunus 5 4 M Poor health, remove

66 Callistemon sp Bottle brush 10 10 M Healthy

66A Eleocarpus reticulatus Blue berry ash Seedling remove

67 Malus floribunda Crab apple 5 9 M Healthy

68 Malus sp Apple Poor condition remove

69 Malus sp Apple 9 5 200 Healthy

70 Magnolia grandiflora Bull Bay magnolia 8 4 200 Healthy

71 Olea europea Olive & 9 M Healthy





Spread Metres

CACH mm Comment

72 Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia 9 7 300 Healthy

73 Magnolia soulangiana Magnolia 3 3 M

Healthy, remove jasmine from branches

74 Olea europea Olive 8 6 300 Leaning but healthy


76 Olea europea Olive 8 4 300 Requires tree surgery

77 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 18 8 400 Healthy, deadwood



80 Stenocarpus sinuatus Firewheel tree 3 2 100 Shaded by Oak, remove or move

81 Quercus robur English Oak 12 10 600 Healthy

82 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 10 7 M Healthy

83 Syzigium jambos Rose apple 3.5 3.5 M Healthy


85 Syzigium jambos Rose apple 4.5 5 M Healthy


87 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 8 7 400 Healthy

87a Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 8 7 400 Healthy

88 Citrus sinensis Orange 2.5 4 M Healthy

89 Parrotia persica Persian iron wood 9 6 M

Healthy, many exposed surface roots

90 Brachychiton acerifolius

Illawarra flame tree 8 4 200 Healthy

92 Diospyros kaki Persimmon 3.5 3 200 Healthy




96 Stenocarpus sinuatus Firewheel tree 3 2 199 Healthy

97 Erythrina x sykesii Coral tree 12 12 1200 Healthy

98 Erythrina x sykesii Coral tree 11 11 M Healthy

99 Ulmus parvifolia Chinese elm 11 12 900 Healthy

100 Ulmus parvifolia Chinese elm 11 11 500 Deadwood

101 Pyrus communis Pear 8 8 300 Poor condition, requires reshaping

102 Pyrus communis Pear 11 9 500 Healthy, requires reshaping

103 Erythrina x sykesii Coral tree 12 12 M Healthy, requires dead wooding

104 Magnolia grandiflora Bull Bay magnolia 10 10 1500 Healthy

105 Populus nigra italica Lombardy poplar 12 1.5 300 Healthy





110 Cupressus Golden cypress 8 4 250 Leaning badly,





Spread Metres

CACH mm Comment

macrocarpa Aurea overshadowed,

112 Cupressus lusitanica Mexican cypress 7 4 100 Remove

113 Cupressus lusitanica Mexican cypress 7 4 100 Remove

114 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson fig 15 12 2000 Healthy, deadwood

115 Viburnum suspensum Viburnum 4 3 M Healthy

116 Populus deltoides Cotton Wood 12 6 1000 Healthy

117 Viburnum tinus Laurustinus 3 2 M Transplant


119 Populus deltoides Cotton Wood Dead, remove

120 Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 6 4 M

Poor condition, requires tree surgery or removal


122 Juniperus chinensis variegata 4.5 3 M

OK, overshadowed, will require removal

123 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 8.5 6 300 Healthy



126 Podocarpus latifolius Plum Pine 10 6.5 600 Healthy


127A Populus deltoides Cotton Wood 10 3 200 Healthy






134 Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red iron bark 3 3 50

Poor condition, remove leaning stem, encourage straight new stem


136 Melaleuca quinquenervia

Broad leafed paper bark 10 4 300 Healthy

137 Populus nigra italica Lombardy poplar 11 1.2m 400 Remove deadwood


141 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 9 4 300 Healthy,. Some deadwood

142 Glochidion ferdinandii Cheese tree 8 5 200 Healthy

143 Malus sp Apple 3 4 M Healthy

145 Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong 5 2 150 Healthy


147 Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong 7 4.5 300 Healthy



150 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia 12 9 M Healthy






156 Salix babylonica Weeping willow 9 6 M Requires shaping





Spread Metres

CACH mm Comment


158 Salix babylonica Weeping willow 7 4 200 Remove



161 Erythrina x sykesii Coral tree 12 10 700 Healthy




Appendix 8 Survey of Sculpture Garden and Courtyard




Codes for Sculpture Garden

Code Botanical Name Common Name

Garden Bed 1

1 Acer palmatum dissectum Weeping Japanese maple

2 Citrus sp Citrus

3 Geranium sp Geranium

4 Phlomis sp Phlomis

5 Michelia figo Port wine magnolia

6 Viburnum opulus sterile Guelder rose

7 Nandina domestica Sacred bamboo

8 Dietes vegeta African Iris

9 Agapanthus dwarf Dwarf agapanthus

10 Ophiopogon japonicus Mondo grass

11 Viola sp Wood violet

12 Plectranthus argentatus Silver plectranthus

13 Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta daisy

14 Primula malacoides Fairy primrose

15 Digitalis purpurea Foxglove

Garden Bed 2


2 Azalea kurume Azalea

3 Gardenia augusta Florida Gardenia

4 - 15 Azalea kurume Azalea

16 Citrus sp Citrus

17 Sollya heterophylla Blue bell creeper

18 - 24 Azalea kurume Azalea

25 Acanthus mollis Oyster plant

26 Polygala myrtifolia Myrtle leaf milk wort


28 Murraya paniculata Orange jessamine

29 Monstera deliciosa Fruit salad plant

30 Rosa sp Rose (unknown)

31 Hellebores orientalis Lentern Rose


33 Agapanthus orientalis Lily of the Nile

T1 Callistemon sp Bottle brush

T2 Prunus sp Prunus

T3 Cedrus deodara Himalayan cedar

T4 Olea europea Olive

T5 Cydonia oblonga Quince

T6 Gleditsia tricanthos Honey locust

Garden Bed 3

1 Euphorbia wulfenii Milkweed spurge


3 Camellia japonica Camellia










10 Pelargonium x hortorum Golden zonal geranium




14 Rosa sp Rose

15 Gordonia axillaris Fried egg tree


17 Rosa sp Rose

18 Lamium maculatum Dead nettle

19 Viburnum sp Viburnum

20 Rosa sp Rose

21 Rosa sp Rose


23 Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese tree

24 - 26 Chaenomeles japonica Flowering quince


28 Iberis sempervirens Perennial candytuft




32 Santolina chamaecyparissus Cotton lavender

33 Osmanthus fragrans Osmanthus

34 Iris sp Iris

Garden Bed 4

1 Azalea indica Alba Magna Azalea Alba Magna

2 Hedychium sp Ornamental ginger



5 Plumbago auriculata Plumbago


7 Zantedeschia aethiopica Arum lily




11 Bromeliad

12 Geranium sp Cranesbilll

13 Hellebores orientalis Lentern Rose


15 Mahonia aquiflolium Grape holly

16 Iris sp Iris

17 Hydrangea sp Hydrangea


19 Cordyline australis cv Red leafed cordyline





24 Bromeliad

25 Viburnum fragrans Viburnum

26 Iris sp Iris

27 Lamium maculatum Deadnettle





29 Rosa sp Rose




33 Abelia grandiflora Abelia

34 Myosotis sylvatica For get me not

35 Leucothoe fontanesiana rainbow Rainbow fetter bush

36 Rosa sp Rose

37 Rosa sp Rose

38 Abelia grandiflora Abelia

39 Clerodendron ugandense Butterfly bush

40 Citrus limon Lemon

T10 Malus sp Apple

T11 Malus floribunda Crab apple

T12 Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia

T13 Malus sp Apple

T14 Magnolia grandiflora Bull Bay magnolia

T15 Olea europea Olive

Garden Bed 5

1 Citrus sp Citrus


3 Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta daisy

4 Asplenium australasicum Birds nest fern

5 Salvia sclarea



8 Viburnum suspensum Sandankwa viburnum


10 Begonia sp Begonia


12 Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium



15 Macrozamia commmunis Burrawang


17 Adiantum sp Maidenhair fern


19 Adiantum sp Maidenhair fern

20 Campanula poscharskyana Bell flower


22 Macrozamia commmunis Burrawang



25 Gordonia axillaris Fried egg plant





30 Rosa sp Rose

31 Deutzia sp Deutzia

32 Plumbago auriculata Plumbago





34 Acmena smithii Minor Lilly pilly

35 Bergenia sp Saxifrage




39 Ajuga reptans Bugle weed



42 Clivea miniata Clivea


44 Viburnum suspensum Sandankwa viburnum

T16 Malus sp Apple

T17 Eleocarpus reticulatus Blue berry ash

T18 Toona ciliata Red Cedar

T19 Acmena sp Lilli Pilli

T20 Eleocarpus reticulatus Blue berry ash

T21 Platanus orientalis Plane tree

T22 Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia

Garden Bed 6

1 Clivea miniata Clivea










11 Euonymus japonicus Spindle tree

12 Arbutus unedo Irish strawberry tree

13 Ajuga reptans Bugle weed



16 Colocasia esculenta Elephant ears

17 Colocasia esculenta Elephant ears


T7 Calodendron capense Cape chestnut

T8 Calodendron capense Cape chestnut

T9 Acmena sp Lilli Pilli

Courtyard & Herb Garden





5 Wisteria sinensis Wisteria

6 Jasminum polyanthum Jasmine




10 Plectranthus neochilus Spur flower




11 Wisteria sinensis Wisteria standard

12 Laurus nobilis Bay

13 Symphytum officinale Comfrey

14 Plectranthus neochilus Spur flower

15 Rosmarinus officinale Rosemary

16 Foeniculum vulgare Fennel

17 Lavandula dentata French lavender

18 Artemisia Powis Castle Wormwood

19 Rothmannia globosa Tree gardenia

20 Oreganum vulgare Oregano

21 Thymus vulgaris Thyme

22 Allium schoenoprasum Chives

23 Laurus nobilis Bay

24 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass


26 Santolina chamaecyparissus Cotton lavender

28 Rosmarinus officinale Rosemary





33 Liriope spicata Liriope


35 Hellebores orientalis Lentern rose






41 Hedera helix English ivy


43 Vitis vinifera Grape

44 Dicksonia antarctica Tree fern



47 Murraya paniculata Orange jessamine

48 Rosa sp Rose

49 Rosa sp Rose

T1 Magnolia soulangiana magnolia




Appendix 9 Sculpture garden Planting Plan




Appendix 10 General Garden Maintenance Schedule Summer Activity Action

Watering Irrigate as required, preferably in the morning

Insect Control Spray for Red Spider Mite with Rogor at recommended rate on Azaleas and Viburnums

Spray for Aphids and Thrip on roses with Rogor or Confidor

Spray for Scale control on Citrus, Holly, Viburnum and Laurel with Antiscale at recommended rate. This will also reduce the associated problem of Sooty Mould.

Disease Control Monitor all plants for fungal attacks and treat where necessary. Fungal attacks are more prevalent in wet and humid weather.

Treat Black Spot on roses where necessary with Baycor or Triforine at the recommended rate

Pruning Dead head roses regularly

Prune all large hedges including the Cherry Laurel and Holly (commence resizing programme with first reduction on top or northern side)

Prune Camellias and Azaleas as required

Remove all spent flower heads on perennials

Lightly prune vigorous roses

Prune perennials to encourage reflowering

Mowing Mow as required

Weeding Weed as required

Autumn Activity Action




Spray for Scale control on Citrus, Holly, Viburnum, Laurel with Antiscale at recommended rate. This will also reduce the associated problem of Sooty Mould.

Monitor insect attack and take appropriate action

Disease Control Monitor all plants for fungal attacks and treat where necessary

Treat Black Spot on roses where necessary with Baycor or Triforine at the recommended rate

Pruning Dead head roses regularly

Remove all spent flower heads on perennials




Fertilizing Fertilize all garden beds with a complete fertilizer such as Organic Life or Dynamic lifter

Fertilize all hedges with a complete fertilizer



Winter Activity Action


Insect Control Spray for Rose Scale control with Lime Sulfur or Antiscale after pruning

Monitor insect attack and take appropriate action

Disease Control Monitor all plants and treat where necessary

Pruning Prune roses in June

Prune and shape all perennials and shrubs as required

Prune all fruit trees and carry out remedial pruning and shaping of trees

Prune all large hedges including the Cherry Laurel and Holly (commence resizing programme with second reduction on southern side)

Fertilizing Fertilize trees with slow release fertilizer


Mulching Replace or add mulch to all garden beds to a depth of at least 75mm, use any good organic mulch

Ensure mulch is kept clear of the stems and trunks of all plants

Remove all grass from the around the trees in lawn by spraying with Glyphosate at the manufacturers recommended rate and then mulch heavily for at least 1m from the trunk. Use coarse mulch such as bark chip.

Weeding

Spring Activity Action




Spray for Scale control on Citrus, Holly, Viburnum, Laurel with Antiscale at recommended rate. This will also reduce the associated problem of Sooty Mould.

Disease Control Monitor all plants and treat where necessary

Carry out preventative sprayng for Petal Blight on Azaelas with Bayleton

Fertilizing Fertilize all garden beds with a complete fertilizer such as Organic Life or Dynamic lifter




Fertilize all hedges with a complete fertilizer

Fertilize lawns if required with an all puropose lawn fertilizer

Fertilize all Camellias and Azaleas after flowering with a specific Azaela and Camellia fertilizer.

