bullying : prevention & intervention action planning
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Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning. Tim Lewis, Ph.D. University of Missouri OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports www.pbis.org. Bullying Defined. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bullying: Prevention & Intervention Action Planning
Tim Lewis, Ph.D.University of Missouri
OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports
www.pbis.org
Bullying Defined
“A student is being bullied or victimized when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students” (Elliott, 2002)
Types of Bullying
1. Physical2. Verbal3. Emotional 4. Sexual
Harassment
Illegal act when an individual is verbally or nonverbally taunted and demeaned in relation to certain attributes such as gender, race or ethnicity, religion, and/or sexual orientation
Teasing• Most teasing among 8-10 year olds is mean spirited • Friendly, acceptable teasing appears more characteristic among
adolescents• Teasing among boys typically includes themes of intimidation, power,
control, etc.• Teasing among girls typically involves themes of social cruelty, deception,
hurt feelings, being left out• Some teasing is deliberate – some set up by spontaneous/accidental
circumstance• Everyone is teased at some point – others are often targeted
– Overreacting to teasing– Being atypical– Having atypical physical or behavioral attributes– Being socially or athletically unskilled
• Most teasing is done by groups to an individual
(Walker, Ramsey, & Gesham, 2004)
Teasing• Teasing among friends is sometimes o.k. while teasing strangers is not• Physical size is a major factor among boys• Adaptive responses to teasing include:
– Ignoring– Asking them to stop– Leaving the situation
• Maladaptive responses to teasing include:– Teasing back– Name calling– Getting mad– Crying, hitting or tantrum– Threats
• 8-10 year olds have firm belief in their effectiveness to stop teasing, but in actually have no effect or make it worse
(Walker, Ramsey, & Gesham, 2004)
Bullies and Peers
• Perpetrator• Victim• Bystander - do not directly participate but
reinforce the bully• Non-participant - do not participate, simply
present, but take no action to prevent
Victims
• Passive-submissive – anxious, fearful, withdrawn, bully reinforced by occasioning the behavior
• Provocative – display annoying and aggressive responses & thereby inadvertently reinforce the bully
Gender Differences
• Boys = “direct” physical / verbal intimidation• Girls = “indirect” gossip and rumors
• Males = larger numbers of both bullies and victims
Bullys Victims
Individual Impulsive, dominant, lacks empathyPositive attitude toward violenceDifficulty conforming to rulesPhysical strength (males)Gradual decrease in academic achievementAssume leadership roles in core groups of peers (female)More likely to bring weapons to school (52% males, 30% females)70% report weapons outside of school
Cautious, insecureDifficulty asserting themselves among peersPhysical weakness (males)Increase likelihood to carry weapons to school (36% males, 15% females)
Family Lack of parental involvementOverly-permissiveHarsh disciplineLack of parental supervision
Peer Friends/peers with positive attitudes toward violenceExposure to models of bullying
Lack of close friends
School Lack of supervisionIndifferent attitude toward bullying
Presence of aggressive studentsLack of supervisionIndifferent attitude toward bullying
Outcomes of bullying• Short term– Bully - reinforced – increases future bullying– Victim - somatic symptoms, fearful, avoidance
• Long term– Bully
• 60% grades 6-9 had been convicted of an aggressive crime in adulthood
• More likely to be violent (Nansel et al, 2004).• More likely to have children who bully
– Victim • depression, poor self esteem, suicide, school drop out• Ostracized by peers
Recommendations From the Field
Recommended strategies for Teachers (U.S. Department of Education, 1998)
• Provide students with opportunities to talk about bullying• Involve students in establishing classroom rules against bullying• Provide classroom activities and discussion around the harmful effects of
bullying• Develop a plan to ensure students know what to do if they observe bullying• Teach cooperation/compromise social skills• Take immediate action when bullying observed/reported• Confront bullies in private• Notify parents of both the bully and victim – seek to resolve the conflict at
school• Refer both bully and victim to counselor if appropriate• Provide protection for victims (e.g, buddy system)• Listen to parents who report or express concerns about bullying and
investigate immediately• Avoid attempts to mediate in bullying situations – power imbalance in the
bully dynamic precludes this from happening
Bully Prevention Keys
• School & home that is characterized as “warm” but sets firm limits for unacceptable behavior
• When violations occur, non-hostile, nonphysical sanctions be consistently applied
• Careful monitoring of student activities • Adults should act as responsible authorities during all
adult-child interactions, especially when bullying occurs
Bully Intervention Basics
• Bully - discourage / appropriate sanctions• Victim – teach strategies to appropriately
avoid/escape situations that involve bullying & place in activities in which they can succeed to boost confidence
By-standers – make them aware of their supporting role and discourage them
Non-participants – teach them to discourage bullying and to not show approval if observed
Action Planning
Start with Your Data
Is Bullying a Problem
• Student Data– Problem – Scared– How often– Types
• Staff Data– Problem– Types & Frequency
No Yes0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
14.9%
85.1%
Have you ever seen someone bullied in our school?
Never Sometime Often Every Day0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
4.6%
50.4%
23.4%
18.6%
How often are people bullied in our school?
Called Names Threatened Stole Hit Ignore0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
87.8%
43.9%
33.5%
52.2%
46.4%
What have bullies done at school?
Very Much A Little Not Much None0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
21.0%
50.7%
23.4%21.0%
How much of a problem is bullying at our school?
All the Time Sometimes Never0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
2.4%
26.2%
69.8%
I have felt scared in my school.
monthly weekly daily several times daily0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
0.00%
6.90%
32.76%
60.34%
How often does bullying occur in our school?Fr
eque
ncy
very much a little not much none0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
41.38%
53.45%
1.72%0.00%
How much of a problem is bullying at our school? Fr
eque
ncy
Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
34.48%
39.66%
17.24%
3.45%
Physical BullyingFr
eque
ncy
Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
89.66%
3.45%1.72% 1.72%
Verbal BullyingFr
eque
ncy
Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
24.14%
31.03%
13.79%
18.97%
Sexual BullyingFr
eque
ncy
Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%37.93%
27.59%
10.34%
5.17%
Cyber BullyingFr
eque
ncy
Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
96.55%
13.79%
1.72% 0.00%
Gossip/Rumor BullyingFr
eque
ncy
Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%75.86%
15.52%
1.72% 1.72%
Exclusion BullyingFr
eque
ncy
Are There High Risk Settings
• Student & Staff Location
Classroom Playground Bathroom Walking to School Hallway Cafeteria Bus0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
48.7%
15.7%
38.4%
16.9%
78.1%
66.1% 67.3%
Where does bullying happen at our school?
Classroom Hallway Playground Cafeteria Bathrooms Bus Walking to School0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
70.69%
93.10%
56.90%
94.83%
82.76%
93.10%
50.00%
Where does bullying happen at our school?Fr
eque
ncy
Where Do Student Seek Help
• Who• Have they contacted an adult
My Teacher Any Teacher Principal Counselor Family Friend0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
60.7%
38.4%
47.5%
60.3%
73.6%
67.6%
Who do you feel you could go to if you were bullied?
Where Do Adults Perceive Students Seek Help
• Who• Most likely
Teacher Principal Counselor Family Friend0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
74.14%
18.97%
68.97%
58.62%
79.31%
Who would a victim go to? Fr
eque
ncy
Comments
• 60 students commented that they see bullying in gym, P.E., and the locker room
• “I felt embarrassed. I really didn't want to be in that situation”
• “I hate it, it hurts me a lot!!!!”• “No one does anything enough to stop them
anyway. There is too much of it.”
Comments
• “Not enough enforcement of the rules so more bullying is done.”
• “Sometimes grown-ups don't understand or you can't tell them what you are going through because you are afraid they will get mad at you.”
• “When there is bullying going on in the classroom some of the teachers see it and they hear but they don't do anything”
Interventions
• Staff aware of District policy & procedures• Top 5 strategies would use• 5 Strategies would not use• Other strategies listed
Yes No Unsure0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
65.52%
0.00%
32.76%
Does your district have a policy to deal with bullying?Fr
eque
ncy
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
22.2%
40.0%
20.0%
13.3%
4.4%
I would advise the victim to assertively stand up to the bully
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
88.0%
6.0% 6.0%
0.0% 0.0%
I would tell the bully to stop
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
40.8%
30.6%
24.5%
4.1%
0.0%
I would help them resolve their differences
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
2.0% 2.0%
8.0%
46.0%
42.0%
I would treat the matter lightly
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
31.9%
53.2%
14.9%
0.0% 0.0%
I would advise the victim to stay away from the bully
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
47.9%
27.1%
20.8%
4.2%
0.0%
I would make sure the bully was punished
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
10.0%
42.0%
28.0%
18.0%
2.0%
I would convene a meeting
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
12.0%
34.0%
38.0%
14.0%
2.0%
I would help the bully achieve greater self-esteem
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
12.0%
20.0%
24.0%
34.0%
10.0%
I would encourage the victim to make more friends
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
89.8%
10.2%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
I would make it clear to the bully that his/her behavior will not be tolerated
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
4.0% 4.0%
18.0%
38.0%
36.0%
I would leave it for someone else to sort out
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
18.0%
34.0% 34.0%
10.0%
4.0%
I would share my concerns with the bully and ask him to behave more caring
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
42.0%
50.0%
4.0% 4.0%
0.0%
I would seperate the bully and the victim
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
6.0%
28.0% 28.0%
26.0%
12.0%
Suggest that the victim not show that he/she is bothered
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
12.2%
34.7%
38.8%
10.2%
4.1%
I would call the bully's parent
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
0.0%
3.9%
17.6% 17.6%
60.8%
I would let the students sort it out
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
26.0%
40.0%
26.0%
6.0%
2.0%
Discuss with the bully options to remedy the situation without bully-ing
Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
8.0%
18.0%
44.0%
18.0%
12.0%
I would find the bullying something more interesting to do
Action Plan
1. Replacement behaviors for noted types of bullying behavior– Linkage to school-wide/class-wide set of
expectation2. Lesson plans/teaching strategies
(with schedule)
Action Plan
3. Supervision of high risk locations– Current supervision/ needed resources– Training & support
4. Strategies for “victims”5. Instructional strategies & consequences for
bullying– Instruction– Environmental supports– Consequences
Implement and Monitor
• Current Data collection captures bullying?– Office referral– Student/staff report