Bullitt Central Health Science

Objective

Student will:

Review key terms, content and concepts in

preparation for taking the Allied Health

KOSSA

Communication

Health care workers must be able to relate

to patients, family, coworkers and other

professionals

How do we as healthcare workers

communicate with our patients?

Communication Ways it occurs

Verbal means or spoken words

Written communications

Nonverbal behavior such as facial

expressions, body language, and touch

Essential elements of

communication process SENDER: an individual who

creates a message to convey information or an idea to another person

MESSAGE: information, ideas, or thoughts

RECEIVER: an individual who receives a message from the sender

Without a sender, message, and receiver, communication cannot occur

FEEDBACK: can be used to determine if communication successful

FACTORS which interfere with

communication process

MESSAGE MUST BE CLEAR

SENDER must deliver message in a clear and concise manner

RECEIVER must be able to hear and receive the message

RECEIVER must be able to understand message

INTERRUPTIONS or DISTRACTIONS must be avoided

LISTENING

Essential part of effective

communications

Means to pay attention to and make an

effort to hear what the other person is

saying

Good listening skills require constant

practice

Types of Active Listening

Reflection Seeking to understand a speaker’s idea, then

offering the idea back to the speaker, to confirm the idea has been understood correctly.

Restatement To state again in a new way to confirm

understanding

Clarification The action of making a statement or situation less

confused and more comprehensible

Self Introductions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature

=player_detailpage&v=jNO0VFMIkTk

Reporting

Reporting is the oral account of care and observations

Any significant changes in patient condition in your shift is reported to the nurse STAT!!

During end-of-shift report, information is shared about: The care given

The care that must be given

The person’s condition

Likely changes in the person’s

condition

Types of Information

o What is subjective information?

o What is objective information?

Types of Information

Subjective information –what is told to you by the patient. Cannot be detected with your senses.

For ex. You cannot see someone’s pain. They describe it to you.

Objective information—what can be detected by your senses—you can smell it, hear it, see it, feel it

For ex. Wound drainage

The medical record

The medical record (chart, clinical

record) is:

A written account of a person’s condition and

response to treatment and care

A permanent, legal document

Any and all health information about a

patient is information is considered

privileged information and must be kept

confidential.

Documentation and record keeping

Nursing center policies about medical

records and who can see them address: Who records

When to record

Abbreviations

Correcting errors

Ink color

Signing entries

Confidentiality

What does confidentiality mean?

What is the name of the act that we as

healthcare workers follow to keep

information private?

Confidentiality The principle in medical ethics that the

information a patient reveals to a health care

provider is private and has limits on how and

when it can be disclosed to a third party.

HIPAA—Health Information Portability and

Accountability Act

Types of Healthcare Services

Diagnostic Responsible for assistance in determining the

cause(s) of illness or injury ○ Ex. Lab, Imaging, ER

Therapeutic Responsible for providing treatment to patients

○ Ex. PT, OT, Nsg, RT, Speech therapy

Informational Responsible for documentation and processing of all

information within the organization Ex. Admissions, Billing, Medical records, HR, Health Ed

Environmental Responsible for maintaining a safe, clean

environment Housekeeping, maintenance

Legal and ethical issues Criminal law--Dealing with wrongs against a

person, property or society.

○ Practicing without a license, misuse of

narcotics, theft

Civil law--Deals with legal relationships

between people and protection of a person’s

rights.

○ For ex. Contracts and torts (neglience,

malpractice

Legal and ethical issues

Negligence--Failure to provide care

that is normally expected of a person

equally trained in that particular

situation, resulting in injury to the

patient

When a healthcare worker is

negligent it is call MALPRACTICE!

Legal and ethical issues

Malpractice—elementally means “bad

practice”

Providing improper or unprofessional

treatment or care

For ex: ○ Ordered side rails left down and patient falls from bed

○ Using or not reporting defective equipment that injures patient

○ Doctor amputating the wrong limb in surgery

Legal and ethical issues

Liability

The state of being responsible for

something, especially by law.

Liability insurance is available to health

care professionals to protect them in

such events like cases of negligence and

malpractice.

Serious Reportable Incidents (SRI)

Abuse and neglect

Medication errors

Epidemic outbreaks

Poisonings

Fires

Major accidents

3/8/2015 Ethics in Health Care 24

Patients’ Rights

Patients’ rights are factors of care that

patients can expect to receive

Health care facilities have written

policies concerning patients' rights

All health care workers must honor

these

Patient Rights and

Responsibilities

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWI

6Vsqt_WE&feature=player_detailpage

Informed consent

Permission granted by a person of sound mind of legal age after the procedure and all risks have been explained in term the patient understands

Procedures requiring written consent:

Surgery

Invasive diagnostic tests

Treatment of minors

Siderail releases (if doctor order)

What is the difference?

Licensure

Certification

Registration

What is the difference?

Licensure

The granting of permission by a competent authority (usually a gov’t agency-like a medical board or board of nsg) to an organization or individual to engage in a practice or activity that would otherwise be illegal.

Doctors, dentists, nurses, veterinarians, PTs, OTs

PTAs & OTAs may be licensed or certified, depends on their state

What is the difference?

Certification

A process in which an individual, an institution or educational program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards.

Usually made by a nongov’t agency.

Purpose is to ensure that standards that are necessary for safe and ethical practice of the profession or service are met.

Nurses may earn certs in speciality area as can MDs

What is the difference?

Registration

The least restrictive form of state regulations

on persons with certain professional

qualifications, which requires the filing of

name, address and qualifications before

practicing in the field of expertise.

MNA’s—Medicaid Nursing Assistants

Scope of Practice

Describes the procedures, actions, and

processes that a healthcare practitioner

is permitted to undertake in keeping with

the terms of their professional license.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cH

ZN54gNi0

OSHA

What does it stand for?

What do they do?

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

OSHA sets and enforces protective

workplace safety and health standards.

It also provides information, training and

assistance to workers and employers.

CDC

What does it stand for?

What do they do?

CDC

Centers for Disease Control

It a federal agency that conducts and

supports health promotion, prevention

and preparedness activities in the

United States with the goal of improving

overall public health

CLIA

What does it stand for?

What does it do?

CLIA

Clinical Laboratory Improvement

Amendments

Passed in 1988 to establish quality

standards for all laboratory testing to

ensure the accuracy, reliability and

timeliness of patient test results

regardless of where the test was

performed.

Morality vs. Ethics

Morality Principles concerning

the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.

Ethics Moral principles that

govern a person's or group's behavior.

Nursing ethics– values or moral principles governing relationships between the nurse and the patient, the patient’s family, other member of the health professions and the general public.

Bioethics in Healthcare Top 5 bioethical issues in healthcare

Balancing care quality and efficiency

Improving access to care

Building and sustaining the healthcare

workforce of the future

Addressing end-of-life issues

Allocating limited medications and donor

organs

Culturally Sensitive Care

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4k8

YWqkjqo

Infection Control

Airborne precautions

Prevention of transmission of infectious

agents that remain infectious over long

distances when suspended in the air

○ Measles, Chickenpox, Tuberculosis

Infection Control

Droplet precautions

Prevention of transmission of disease

spread by droplets. Droplets are generarted

from the source person primarily during

coughing, sneezing, talking and

performance of certain procedures such as

suctioning and bronchoscopy.

Infection Control

Contact precautions

Direct-contact transmission involves skin to

skin contact and physical transfer of

microorganisms to a susceptible host from

an infected or colonized person.

What’s the difference?

Medical asepsis (clean technique)

Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)

What’s the difference?

Medical asepsis (clean technique)

All practices that reduce the number, growth,

transfer and spread of pathogenic

organisms.

○ Handwashing, bathing, cleaning environment,

wearing PPE

What’s the difference?

Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)

Practices that keep an area or objects free

from all microorganisms non pathogenic and

pathogenic including spores and viruses.

○ Requirement for any invasive procedure

What’s the difference?

Clean

○ Free from dirt or pollution.

Disinfection

○ The process of killing pathogenic organisms

or rendering them inert.

Sterilization

○ Complete elimination or destruction of all

living microorganisms.

Personal Exposure Incident Plan

http://con1.classes.redcross.org/producti

on/cninv000000000002579/section4/em

ployers-plan.html

Workplace Safety

Fire

Remember R.A.C.E?

What about P.A.S.S?

What does it mean?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlLPogm

B8M8

Workplace Safety

Good Body Mechanics

Wide base of support

Bend at knees, squat and lift with legs

Keep object that is being lifted close to body

Do not twist or turn while lifting

Get patient or coworker assistance when

needed

Keep patient/resident

environment clean

Pick up any trash

Empty trashcan often

Keep bathroom clean

Clean any spills ASAP

Keep frequently used items on bedside table within reach

Change linens as needed

Keep room uncluttered and efficiently arrange furniture

MSDS sheets

What are they?

Material Safety Data Sheet

Document that gives detailed information

about the nature of a chemical, such as

physical and chemical properties, health,

safety, fire, and environmental hazards of a

chemical product. They are designed for

workers who may be exposed to hazardous

materials.

Safety symbols

How do I handle these

chemicals?

Be familiar with what is used in your

area of work

Store them properly

Handle them properly

Dispose of them properly

Know what to do if an exposure or spill

happens

What do I do???

If there is a Hazardous Materials Spill

… R.I.N.S.E.! Rescue--Provide assistance to individuals in

trouble

Incident Command--Take control of the incident

Notify--Contact the appropriate clean up team

Suppress/Confine--Prevent future spread of the

hazardous material

Evacuate--Notify personnel in the case there is a

need to evacuate

Emergency Planning for the

Healthcare Setting

Prior to any emergency become familiar with the facility’s emergency plan, including: Location of emergency exits

How alarm system works and modifications for individuals who are hearing and/or visually impaired

Plans for evacuation, including:

How residents/visitors requiring assistance will be evacuated, if necessary

How the facility will ensure each resident can be identified during evacuation (e.g., attach identification information to each resident prior to evacuation)

Facility’s evacuation strategy

Where they will go

How their medical charts will be transferred

How families will be notified of evacuation

Systems theory

Systems, in general, have the following

elements:

Input: Resources entering the system

Throughput: Work done on those resources

used to produce a product

Output: The final product

Feedback: Information taken from the output

to control or correct errors in throughput

Healthcare delivery model

Qualities of a Healthcare Worker

Dependability

Honesty

Empathy

Willingness to learn

Tact

Discretion

Competence

Patience

Acceptance of

criticism

Enthusiasm

Responsibility

Team player

Promotion of Health

Well balanced diet

Regular exercise

Routine physical, dental and vision

exams

Immunizations

Avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, drugs,

environmental contaminants and risky

sexual behavior