building technology and architectural design. agenda aim of the course theory - tectonic as a term -...

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

AND

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

AGENDA

Aim of the course

Theory

- Tectonic as a term

- Background in history of ideas

- In the history of architecture

Examples

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AIM OF COURSE THEORY EXAMPLES

AIM OF THE COURSE

To provide the students an understanding enabling them to design tectonically in relation to the entity of an architectural idea with respect to structural systems and architectural room acoustics.

- A vocabulary in construction systems (shells, plates, frames, beams etc.) - Fundamental concepts related to architectural room acoustics - Assess the aesthetic significance of construction systems and acoustical concepts- Ability to work tectonically with architectural projects


LECTURES

1st lecture (AMDS): Tectonic Concept development Focusing on tectonic architecture where the developing of architectural concepts has been significantly influenced by both structural and aesthetic concerns

2nd lecture (PHK): Construction systems vocabulary IStructural systems build up from beams, colums, archs, plates, frames and cables.

3rd lecture (PHK): Construction systems vocabulary IIStructural systems build up of arcs and shells.

4th lecture (PHK): Construction systems vocabulary IIIStructural systems build up of arcs and shells.

5th lecture (PHK): Construction systems vocabulary IIIDynamics of structural systems.

6th lecture (PHK): Fundamental acoustics terms.

7th lecture (PHK): Definition of reverberation time and absorbing materials.

8th lecture (PHK): Room acoustic design

9th lecture (AMDS): Architectural room acoustics An introduction to designing tectonically with room acoustic parameters.

10th lecture (PHK):Building acoustics design


COURSE MATERIAL

Can be downloaded from homepage www.civil.auc.dk/i5/dyn/lecture/7arsemb/7armain.htm


ARCHITECT : ARCHITECTON

ARCHI+TECTON = MASTER BUILDER

TECTONIC - ETYMOLOGY


GREEK ‘TECTON’ : CARPENTER OR BUILDER

RELATED TOGREEK ‘TIKTO’ : TO PRODUCE, A SIMULTANIOUS EXISTENCE OF ART AND CRAFT

ALSO RELATED TO GREEK ‘TECHNÉ’ FOUND IN TECHNIQUE, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGYNOW UNDERSTOOD IN AN INSTRUMENTAL NATURE, AS A MEANS TO DO SOMETHING. ORIGINALLY CONNECTED TO ‘POESIS’, ARTS.


TECTONIC - ETYMOLOGY


TECTONIC – IN THE HISTORY OF IDEAS

The intellectual experience versus the bodily experience

Galileo meets the pope

Around 1700-1800: Rejection of superstition but also rejection of poetic and emotional aspects of the human experience

Houses are build to live in, and not to look on; therefore, let use be preferred to uniformity, except where both may be had.’ Francis Bacon

Decartes, cogito ergo sum, one could only rely on logic, not on the bodily experience



A concern with tectonics can be seen as a means to mediate between the intellectual and the bodily experience



Classical architecture

-the master builder

-trial and error evolution in structural solutions

TECTONICS – HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE


Break-away from master builder situation

Firenze Dome by Brunelleschi

Prestigious building, the master builder died, Brunelleschi took over

Building situation: not possible to scaffold, material available, only compression strength




End of 17th century

New materials

New ways of designing


The industrial revolution and modern architecture

Fascination with industrial production and building industries

Precision, lightness, mass production

Building boom



Critique of modernism

The ’tabula rasa’ method for being insensitive to the site and history



Michael Graves – the type


Postmodernism

Architecture as a sign, history as significant, arts, theatre and fun as sources of inspiration


Peter Eisenman – coloumn and cardboard

architecture as transcending function and materiality, the sublime is the aimpeter eisenman

Tectonic expression as a critique of postmodern superficiality

‘Often the outcome of this idea in built terms is an unpleasant sense of an enlarged model, a lack of articulation of the parts at different scales: walls that seems to be made of cut-out cardboard, unfinished windows and openings; in sum, a general relaxing of tension from the drawing to the building. It is false to think that culture of industry or building (by now distant cultures from design) could solve the problem of detailing; this might be convenient or economic to the architect, but lead to unprecedented downfall of architecture.’

Vittorio Gregotti

..architecture is first and foremost an act of constructing, not a scenographic activity..

Kenneth Frampton



RESEARCH CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT DETAILING CONSTRUCTION

AESTHETIQUE TECHNIQUE


TECTONICS – THE NEWEST DEVELOPMENTS

RESEARCH CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT DETAILING CONSTRUCTION

AESTHETIQUE

TECHNIQUE





New ways of working together between architects and engineers. Digital tectonics, developing form through computer simulation.


EXAMPLES

Focusing on tectonic architecture where the developing of architectural concepts has been significantly influenced by both structural and aesthetic concerns


LIGHTNESS

Luigi Nervi – Engineer who worked with minimizing structure, tension lines


LIGHTNESS

Palazzo dello sport 1960

Portobello


LIGHTNESS

Frei Otto – German, trained maison, pilot, leightweight construction inspired by spider webs

Olympic stadium Munich 1972


LIGHTNESS

Hanging models to test complex tensile structures

Multihalle auf der Bundesgartenschau, Mannheim 1971(Mutschler und Langner, Frei Otto, Ove Arup und Partner)


LIGHTNESS


LIGHTNESS

Buckminster Fuller


LIGHTNESS


LIGHTNESS

Dymaxion (Dy(namic)max(imum)ion) Deployment Unit 1940, small home for families. Emergency housing for members of the army. Inspiration from grain silos, existing industry.


LIGHTNESS

Inspiration from nature, conciousness about resources


LIGHTNESS

The geodesic dome ’48– the most area for least surface, improving housing of humanityGeodesic – name from the lines of equator around the earth. The longitudinal lines divide the sphere into two halves, hence the term geodesic, which is from the Latin meaning "earth dividing"


LIGHTNESS

The dome over Manhattan!


LIGHTNESS

Grimshaw - Waterloo Station

-400-meter-long curved glass roof,

-The length of the trains and the curve of the five new tracks determined the geometry

-designed to use standard-size glass sheets

-The form of the roof structure consists of thirty-seven prismatic, three-pinned bow string arches of varying spans covering the entire length of the trains


LIGHTNESS

Grimshaw – Eden Project 2000

World’s largest artificial plant environment


LIGHTNESS

China clay quarry in Cornwall


LIGHTNESS

First attempt: Waterloo method

Site variation – geometrical definition difficult


LIGHTNESS


THE LINE


BLOBS AND NESTS


REGULARITY / IRREGULARITY

building technology and architectural design. agenda aim of the course theory - tectonic as a term -...

Documents

architectural design

architectural design

lecture phk

architectural room acoustics

architectural idea

construction systems

room acoustic design

dynamics of structural