building simulation
DESCRIPTION
Building Simulation. B M E A. uilding. odeling. nergy. nalysis. What is BMEA? Models a building Existing or proposed. Shell and Core Lighting Equipment Load Occupancy Internal Mass. Environmental Systems Schedules Climate Utility Service. Shell and Core. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BuildingSimulation
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BMEA
uildingodelingnergynalysis
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What is BMEA?Models a building
Existing or proposed
• Shell and Core• Lighting• Equipment Load• Occupancy• Internal Mass
• Environmental Systems• Schedules• Climate• Utility Service
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Shell and Core• Exterior walls Structure and finish• Windows Glass, frame, size• Doors Type and size• Roof Type, material, overhang• Shading Natural and structural• Insulation Type and R-value• Floors Floor covering and insulation• Ceiling Construction and insulation• Interior walls Construction and arrangement• Interior mass Furniture
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Lighting
• Bulb
• Fixture
• PlacementRecessed, surface, or hanging
Open or enclosed
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Equipment Load• Office Equipment• Infrastructure• Industrial Process
Load Breakdown
• Utility Total building load• Thermostat Loads in zones• Meter Loads in non-HVAC spaces
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Environmental Systems• Built-up
• Package
• Split system• Air & water• Geothermal• Solar
• Process HVAC
• VFD Pumps and fans
• T-stat warm-up and setback
• Exhaust fans
• Zoning
• Domestic hot water
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Schedules• Daily, weekly, and annual
• Weekends and holidays
• TypesOccupancyLightingEquipmentEnvironmental
Systems
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Climate
• Model anywhere in the U.S.
• Seasonal
• Day and night
• 30-year average
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Utility Service
• Electric and gas
• Anywhere in the U.S.
• Basic and demand charges
• Block and ratchet charges
• Rate analysis
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What can BMEA do for me?
• Evaluate options
• Optimize strategies
• Compare costsSimple paybackLife cycleReturn-on-investment
• Evaluate energy usageRate reductionsRebatesTax credits
Reduce energy costs
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Caveats
• Clearly defined objectives
• Cost-effective modifications
• Energy-usage figures are relative
• Cost vs. Value
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Two-Story Office BuildingPortland, OR
Structure - 25,000 sq. ft.
6” concrete slab
Ext. Wall – 2 x 6 metal frame
Fiberboard sheathing
R-19 batt
Built-up roof
3” polyurethane R-18
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Two-Story Office Building
Windows - ¼” Double-clear on North¼” Double-bronze all other
Doors - ¼” clear glass w/ 3” Al frame
Int. Wall - 2” x 4” metal frameDrywall
R-13 batt
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Two-Story Office Building
Ceiling - Lay-in acoustic tile
No ceiling insulation
Floors- Carpet w/ fiber pad
12 foot floor-to-floor
9 foot floor-to-ceiling
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Two-Story Office Building
Lighting - 2 x 4 concealed troffer
T8 ES fluorescent
High-efficiency magnetic ballast
Loads - 2 watt/sq. ft.
No exterior loads
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Two-Story Office Building
Occupancy - 8 am – 5 pm
Mon – Fri
Major US holidays
90% while open
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Two-Story Office Building
Environmental Systems
AHU Supply and return fansEconomizerConstant speed+1 hour open/closeChill water coil55F discharge air for cooling
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Two-Story Office Building
VAV Core and perimeter zones74 / 72 Occ. – 82 / 64 Unocc.Plenum returnHot water heating coil95F discharge air for heat
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Two-Story Office Building
Chiller - Electric recip. hermetic
Air-cooled condenser
44F supply water
Boiler - Natural gas
80% efficiency rating
180F discharge water
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Two-Story Office Building
Domestic Hot Water Natural gas
88-gallon tank
135F discharge
Pumps Constant speed
Standard motor
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Two-Story Office Building
Electricity PGE Schedule 32Small Non-Residential0.085/kW
Natural gas NW Natural Schedule 31Non-Residential0.95/Therm (100,000 Btu)
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Running the SimulationBaseline
Electricity 146,650 kW $12,465
Natural gas 5,252 Therms
$4,935
Energy Total $17,400
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Running the SimulationRaise Cooling Set Point
Raise cooling set point from 74F to 75F
Reduce annual electricity consumption
2250 kW annually
$190 per year
1.1% of annual energy cost
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Running the SimulationReplacing the Boiler
Install 90% efficiency boiler
Reduce natural gas consumption
550 Therms annually
$525 per year
3.0% of annual energy cost
Oregon Business Energy Tax Credit
35% of project cost over five years
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Running the Simulation Synergy
Raise the temperature and replace the boiler
2250kW $190 annually
737 Therms$695 annually
$885 in energy savings
5.1% of total energy bill
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Building Modeling Energy Analysis
• Simulate an existing or proposed building
• Model a wide range of building elementsStructuralEnvironmental
• Flexible and adaptable
• Cost-effective analysis
Wrapping it Up