building service engineering 2 building...

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BUILDING SERVICE ENGINEERING 2

BUILDING MODELING AND

DYNAMIC SIMULATION

Asst. Prof. Dr. Norbert HarmathyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Building Energetics and Building Service Engineering

OUTLINE

▪ Integrated design process

▪ Building model types and BIM technology

▪ Energy simulation software

▪ Multi-zone thermal model

▪ Building envelope, Smart building, Smart City

▪ Conclusion

TUB Department of Building Energetics and Building Service EngineeringNorbert Harmathy, PhD

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INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS


The building

needs heat, cold, electricity, water, light

human influences, behavior

wall layers withdifferent (ecological)

materials

fenestration: types of windows,

area

different building types: offices, dwellings, industry, hospital, …

orientation, shape, surface, volume, …

weather

climate

shading through other buildings, trees,…

heat

cold

electricity

water

day light

active/passive

Emissions (construction, operation, retrofitting, de-construction)

complex interrelations


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1 STEP

Creating a multi-disciplinary design team from the first day, who have adequate

knowledge from energy efficiency and environment.

2 STEP

The analysis of boundary conditions and the client’s needs, in order to formulate

general goals of the project.

3 STEP

Creating a quality assurance program and quality control program

4 STEP

At the beginning workshops are organized for all members of the team during

the design process.

5 STEP

Concept Plan Preparation - close cooperation between the architects and engineers

6 STEP

Quality Control Plan update and energy efficiency documentation

7 STEP

Preparation of operation and maintenance manual

INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS


The model is an original object or fictive setof information.

The model can be:Original▪ constructed of different materials

Computational▪ 3D model, a representation of any three-

dimensional surface via specialized software

▪ Numerical model, a simulation to reproduce

behavior of a system

BUILDING MODELLING


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▪ Construction model

▪ Architectural model

▪ Energy model

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL TYPES


BIM TECHNOLOGY

▪ BIM – Building Information Modeling

▪ BIM is a digital representation of physical andfunctional characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a sharedknowledge resource for information about a facilityforming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle;defined as existing from earliest conception todemolition.

▪ Building information modeling extends beyond 3D,augmenting the three primary spatial dimensions(width, height and depth) with time as the fourthdimension (4D) and cost as the fifth (5D).


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Owner, constructor, operator

Architect, mechanical engineer, construction engineer, electrical engineer, programmer

▪ The BIM software sets a relationship between objects, so if one object changes, the impact refers to other objects that depend on it.

▪ Professionals are involved in a virtual "common-model" created by the design team.

IDP

BIM TECHNOLOGY


▪ Autodesk: AutoCAD, Civil 3D, Inventor, Ecotect,

Revit Architecture & Structure, 3D Studio Max, Maya, Vasari, MEP

▪ Graphisoft: ArchiCAD

▪ Dassault Systèmes: Catia V6

▪ McNeel: Rhinocheros

BIM TECHNOLOGY


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Autodesk REVIT


Autodesk REVIT


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Graphisoft ARCHICAD


BLAST

BSim

DOE2

ECOTECT

EnerWin

EcoDesigner

Energy-10

TRACE

TRNSYS

Design builder

PHPP

Energy

EnergyPlus

eQUEST

ESP-r

SUNREL

TAS

IDA ICE

IES<VE>

HAP

HEED

Express

Zone Loads

Interior surface convection, Internal thermal mass

Automatic design day calculations for sizing

Building Envelope, Day-lighting and Solar

Outside surface convection algorithm

Inside radiation view factors

Radiation-to-air component separate from detailed convection (exterior)

Solar gain and day-lighting calculations account for inter-reflections from

external building components and other buildings

Ventilation, Room Air and Multi-zone Airflow

Automatic calculation of wind pressure coefficients

Natural ventilation (pressure, buoyancy driven)

Multi-zone airflow (via pressure network model)

Hybrid natural and mechanical ventilation

Control window opening based on zone or external conditions

Displacement ventilation

Mix of flow networks and CFD domains

Contaminants, mycotoxins (mold growth)

HVAC Systems and Renewable Energy Systems

Renewable Energy Systems

Idealized HVAC systems

User-configurable HVAC systems

Pre-configured systems

Discrete HVAC components

Economic Evaluation

Simple energy and demand charges

Complex energy tariffs including fixed charges, block charges, demand charges,

ENERGY SIMULATION SOFTWARE


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Simplified method (Static simulation)

▪ CIBSE Admittance method

Complex method (Dynamic simulation)

▪ TETD (Total Equivalent Temperature Difference)

▪ CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature Difference, wall type and roof type categories are provided)

▪ TFM (Transfer Function Method)

▪ HB (Heat Balance, allow smooth and infinite variations of wall types with different thermal mass)

▪ RTS (Radiant Time Series)

▪ WF (Weighting Factor method)

CALCULATION METHODS


▪ Solar analysis

▪ Climatological data

▪ Sun-path diagram

Autodesk ECOTECT ANALYSIS


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▪ Complex analysis

▪ Spacial light dispersion

▪ Spacial light intensity

RADIANCE


▪ Application: physics, nanotechnology, technical sciences,medicine, biotechnology etc.

▪ Dynamic simulation is the analysis of a numerical model’s orsystem’s behavior and it’s representation in the function of time.

▪ The simulation runs in the function of time intervals, and it’s aimis to assess a system’s behavior and functionality in high detail. Itcan be used for optimization of processes.

▪ The system or numerical model are described with complexdifferential equations and mathematical processes.

DYNAMIC SIMULATION


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ENERGYPLUS


HVAC system simulation

Demand Supply

ENERGYPLUS


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Autodesk Revit, ArchiCAD

Ecotect, Radiance

SketchUp, DesignBuilder

Open Studio

Energy Plus

BIM MODEL PREPARATION FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION


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Climatological data

Urban data

Construction and materials

Characteristics of building

envelope

Building function

Occupancy intensity

Equipment operation

schedule

Internal energy loads:

Occupants

Electric equipment

Electric lighting

Solar radiation

Natural ventilation

HVAC system

Thermal comfort parameters of occupants

FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE


Thermal zone division

MULTI-ZONE THERMAL ENERGYMODEL


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CLIMATOLOGICAL DATAMeteonorm V7 database

MeteotestGenossenschaft, 2014

Bern, Svájc

Climate data package(interval 15 min, 1 h, 24 h)

Mont

hTa G_Gh Td RH G_Dh FF DD IRD

Jan 0.4 46.3 -2.3 81.9 26 2.6 270 271

Feb 2.3 84.5 -1.3 76.8 41.1 2.8 113 274

Mar 7.3 137.7 1.2 65 60.5 3.1 113 291

Apr 12.7 191 5.8 62.7 93.5 2.9 113 313

May 18 241.8 10.9 63.3 105.5 2.4 113 343

Jun 20.8 258.8 14.2 65.9 118.4 2.1 270 356

Jul 22.4 268.5 15.3 64.2 100.2 2.1 293 366

Aug 22.2 226.8 14.9 63.3 98.3 1.9 113 364

Sep 16.9 161.5 11.1 68.6 77.1 2 113 344

Oct 12.6 107.5 8 73.6 58.8 2.3 113 326

Nov 7.1 63 3.7 78.7 35 2.6 113 299

Dec 1.7 38.7 -0.7 83.8 23.2 2.6 270 282

Year 12 152.2 6.7 70.7 69.9 2.5 127 319


URBAN DATA

Annual Sun path

diagram

Building orientation

Shading

Wind direction

Situation plan


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OCCUPANTS

Intensity

Activity

Time intervals

ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT

Intensity

Schedules

Time intervals

OCCUPANT SCHEDULES AND INTENSITYSCHEDULES

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE AND INTENSITY


EP SIMULATION PROCESS


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BUILDING ENVELOPE

Intelligent envelope

VS.

Aesthetic envelope


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BUILDING ENVELOPE – SMART SKIN

PNC Plaza, Pittsburg, USA

Solar chimney


▪ Student dormitory in Paris form reused wooden pallets.

SMART & LOW-COST


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BUILDING ENVELOPE

VS.


SMART BUILDING

• Building construction

• Construction materials

+

• Energy management

• Lighting control

• HVAC control system

• Safety control

• Mobile remote control


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Energy Buildings Public Transport ServicesWater Management Integration ...

SMART CITY


CONCLUSIONINTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS

Complex process, which can find optimal solutions.

DYNAMIC SIMULATION BENEFITSBuilding management and energy efficiency of forecastImproving the energy consumption in buildings with detailed analysisConstruction materials, HVAC system and schedule modeling

ENERGY SIMULATION

SMART BUILDING

SMART CITY

USER COMFORT


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