building science ii - project 2_report

BUILDING SCIENCE II [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]PROJECT 2: DESIGN STUDIO V INTEGRATION PROJECT

NAME : BENNY TAN SHIOWEESTUDENT ID : 0315447TUTOR : MR SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMY

C O M M U N I T Y L I B R A R Y JALAN HAJI SALLEH, SENTUL

C O N T E N T

1 . 0 I N T R O D U C T I O N

1 . 1 O B J E C T I V E S 1 . 2 P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N 1 . 3 F LO O R P L A N S

2 . 0 L I G H T I N G 2 . 1 D AY L I G H T FA C TO R S A N A LY S I S 2 . 1 . 1 S PA C E I : C H I L D R E N P L AY I N G A R E A 2 . 1 . 2 S PA C E I I : C O M P U T E R L A B

2 . 2 A R T I F I C I A L L I G H T I N G A N A LY S I S 2 . 2 . 1 S PA C E I : C H I L D R E N P L AY I N G A R E A 2 . 2 . 2 S PA C E I I : C O M P U T E R L A B

2 . 3 P S A L I [ P E R M A N E N T S U P P L E M E N TA R Y A R T I F I C I A L L I G H T I N G ] 2 . 3 . 1 S PA C E I : C H I L D R E N P L AY I N G A R E A 2 . 3 . 2 S PA C E I I : C O M P U T E R L A B

3 . 0 A C O U S T I C S

3 . 1 E X T E R N A L N O I S E C A LC U L AT I O N : S O U N D P R E S S U R E L E V E L [ S P L ] 3 . 1 . 1 S PA C E I : C H I L D R E N P L AY I N G A R E A 3 . 1 . 2 S PA C E I I : C O M P U T E R L A B

3 . 2 R E V E R B E R AT I O N T I M E , R T 3 . 2 . 1 S PA C E I : E X H I B I T I O N A R E A

3 . 3 S O U N D R E D U C T I O N I N D E X 3 . 3 . 1 S PA C E I I : C O M P U T E R L A B

4 . 0 R E F E R E N C E S

1 . 1 O B J E C T I V E S

The aim of this project is to integrate the understanding of the principles of lighting and acoustics in the context of the �nal design of studio 5 and it encompasses advanced day lighting systems and the integra-tion of electrical lighting, strategies for noise managements and room acoustics to where is necessary. Besides, this project aims to show whether students are able to solve design problems in relation to sustainability issues based on the natural lighting and the site analysis.

1 . 2 P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N

The project of Architecture Design Studio V Project is to design a community library which located at Jalan Haji Salleh, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur. The site is a dormant site where there is no interaction going on. Thus, the community library is design for the old and new community around the site and act as an intersection point that gather all of them together. Furthermore, the library also promotes communication which allows the di�erent community to interact.

Meanwhile, the overall design of the community library is response to the site and the neighbouring context in order to let the library merge into the site where there is no contrast between the new and old development so that new development will not overtake the site and abandon those older ones. It also provide the old community a sense of belonging whereas give the new community a sense of reminiscing the old.

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1 . 3 F LO O R P L A N S

GROUND FLOOR PLAN N.T.S

FIRST FLOOR PLAN N.T.S

2

THIRD FLOOR PLAN N.T.S

SECOND FLOOR PLAN N.T.S

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2 . 1 D AY L I G H T FA C TO R S A N A LY S I S

Daylight factors is de�ne as the ratio between the actual illuminance at a point inside a room and the illuminance possible from an unobstructed hemisphere of the same sky. Direct sunlight is excluded from both values of illuminance, and the daylight factor can be expressed by the following formula:

Where, Ei : illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane Eo : simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere of overcast sky

According to MS 1525, the follwing is the table of daylight factors and distribution :

Daylight Factor, DF = Indoor Illuminance, Ei x 100% Outdoor Illuminance, Eo

ZONE Very Bright Very large with thermal and glare problems

Good

Fair Poor

> 6

3 - 6

1 - 30 - 1

Bright

DF (%) DISTRIBUTION

Table 1: Daylight factors and distribution

AverageDark

NOTE: The �gures are average daylight factors for windows without glazing

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Figure 1: First �oor plan with highlighted space I [ Children playing area]

Figure 2: Lux Contour Diagram generated by Ecotect [Children Playing Area]

2 . 1 . 1 S PA C E I : C H I L D R E N P L AY I N G A R E A

The choosen space is the children playing area that is located at the �rst �oor of the community library. It is an enclosed space where one of the side of that space is facing the street view while the sawtooth roof allow the natural lighting penetrate into the space.

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Eo = 20 000 lux

DF = Ei x 100% Eo

12.8 = Ei x 100% 20 000

Ei = 2560 lux

Analysis & Solution

The children playing area which is the enclosed space has a daylight factor of 12.8% and natural illumination of 2560 lux. Based on MS 1525’s table of daylight factor and distribution, more than 6% is consider as very bright with thermal and glare problem. As a result, the children playing area have high thermal and glaring problem. Thus, in terms of design, perforated shading device and laminated glass will be proposed to place at the facade where it helps in shading the space, reduce thermal and glaring problem.

D AY L I G H T FA C T O R C A LC U L AT I O N

Area of light well (m2)Exposed facade & light well area to �or area ratio / daylight factor, DF

Area of facade that exposed to sunlight

Floor Area (m2) 48.61

56.97

5.32

N AT U R A L I L L U M I N AT I O N C A LC U L AT I O N

ILLUMINANCE

120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

Bright sunlight

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

Typical overcast day, middayExtreme of darkest storm clouds, middaySunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination) Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/ rise

110,000 lux

20,000 lux

1000- 2000 lux

EXAMPLE

< 200 lux

400 lux

40 lux

< 1 lux

DF = Ei x 100% Eo = (5.32 + 56.97) 48.61 = 1.28 = 128% x 0.1 = 12.8%

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Figure 3: First �oor plan with highlighted space II [ Computer lab]


Figure 4: Lux Contour Diagram generated by Ecotect [Computer lab]

2 . 1 . 2 S PA C E I I : C O M P U T E R L A B

The choosen space is the computer lab that is located at the �rst �oor of the community library. It is an enclosed space where three side facing the interior of library and one side is surrounded with transparent glass panels that allows light penetrates into the space.

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Eo = 20 000 lux

DF = Ei x 100% Eo

5.4 = Ei x 100% 20 000

Ei = 1080 lux

Analysis & Solution

The computer lab which is an enclosed space has a daylight factor of 5.4% and natural illumination of 1080 lux. Based on MS 1525’s table of daylight factor and distribution, the range in between 3% to 6% is consider as a good daylighting distribution. As a result, the computer lab area has a good daylight factor.

D AY L I G H T FA C T O R C A LC U L AT I O N

Area of light well (m2)Exposed facade & light well area to �oor area ratio / daylight factor, DF

Area of facade that exposed to sunlight

Floor Area (m2) 47.12

25.71

0

N AT U R A L I L L U M I N AT I O N C A LC U L AT I O N

ILLUMINANCE

120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

Bright sunlight

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

Typical overcast day, middayExtreme of darkest storm clouds, middaySunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination) Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/ rise

110,000 lux

20,000 lux

1000- 2000 lux

EXAMPLE

< 200 lux

400 lux

40 lux

< 1 lux

DF = Ei x 100% Eo = (25.71 + 0) 47.12 = 0.54 = 54% x 0.1 = 5.4 %

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According to MS 1525, the range of lighting level required for Children Playing Area is 300 lux - 500 lux.

M AT E R I A L P R O P E R T I E S

MATERIAL FUNCTION COLOR AREA (m2) SURFACE T YPE R E F L E C TA N C E VALUE

Plaster

Glass Panel

Timber Floor

Concrete Wall

Wall

Ceiling

Dark brown

Grey

Transparent

White

Re�ective

Re�ective

Absorptive

Re�ective

121.98

23.41

23.63

121.98 40 - 45

6 - 10

50

30

2 . 2 A R T I F I C I A L L I G H T I N G A N A LY S I S



Figure 5: First �oor plan with highlighted space I [Children Playing area]

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F I X T U R E P R O P E R T I E S

T YPE OF FIXTURE Surface Mounted Downlight

Aluminium

Philips; DN561C

25,000 hours

8 or 11.2

>80

3000

Warm white

1200

MATERIAL OF FIXTURE

PRODUCT BRAND & CODE

NOMINAL LIFE (HOURS)

WATTAGE RANGE ( W )

CRI

COLOUR TEMPERATURE, K

COLOUR DESIGNATION

LUMINOUS FLUX (lm)

L U M E N M E T H O D C A LC U L AT I O N

SPACE Children Playing Area

DIMENSION Area A ; Length = 4.7 m Width = 3.4 m Height = 2.7 m

Area B ; Length = 4.7 m Width = 3.4 m Height = 2.7 m

Area C ; Length = 2.5 m Width = 3.4 m Height = 2.7 m

Area D ; Length = 2.5 m Width = 3.4 m Height = 2.7 m

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RI = (L x W) Hm (L + W) = 48.61 1.9 (13.95) = 48.61 26.51 = 1.83 = 2.00

N = E x A F X UF X MF = 300 x 48.61 1200 X 0.6 X 0.8 = 12198 576 = 25.31 = 25 units

0.8

2.7

1.9

Ceiling : 50Wall : 30Floor : 50

0.6

0.8

300

HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL

TOTAL FLOOR AREA (m2)

T YPES OF LIGHTING FIXTURE Surface Mounted Downlight

LUMEN OF LIGHTING FIXTURE, F (lux) 1200 lm

HEIGHT OF LUMINAIRE (m)

MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm)

REFLECTION FACTORS

ROOM INDEX / RI, K

UTILIZATION FACTORS, UF

MAINTENANCE FACTOR, MF

STANDARD ILLUMINANCE BY MS 1525

NUMBER OF LUMINAIRES REQUIRED

Area A = 4.7 m x 3.4 m = 15.98 m2

Area B = 4.7 m x 3.4 m = 15.98 m2

Area C = 2.5 m x 3.4 m = 8.5 m2

Area D = 2.5 m x 3.4 m = 8.5 m2

Thus, the total �oor area = 48.61 m2

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Figure 6: Arrangement of light �ttings in space I [Children Playing area]

Conclusion

From the calculation, the exhibition area required a total number of 26 units of surface mounted downlight with 1.34 meter spacing arranged in 5 row con�guration to achieve even light distribution.

F I T T I N G S L AY O U T

SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO (SHR)

FITTINGS LAYOUT BY APPROXIMATELY (m) No. of row : 5 rows

No. of �tting / row : 5 units

Spacing along the width : 6.7 = 1.34 m 5

SHR = 1 x √A Hm N = 1 x √48.61 1.9 25 = 0.15

SHR = S = 0.15 1.9

S = 1.9 x 0.15 = 0.28

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Figure 7: First �oor plan with highlighted space II [ Computer lab]

According to MS 1525, the minimum lighting level required for Computer Lab is 300 lux.

M AT E R I A L P R O P E R T I E S

MATERIAL FUNCTION COLOR AREA (m2) SURFACE T YPE R E F L E C TA N C E VALUE

Plaster

Glass Panel

Timber Floor

Concrete Wall

Wall

Ceiling

Dark brown

Grey

Transparent

White

Re�ective

Re�ective

Absorptive

Re�ective

121.98

23.41

23.63

121.98 40 - 45

6 - 10

50

30


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F I X T U R E P R O P E R T I E S

T YPE OF FIXTURE OneSpace luminous ceiling prefab

Aluminium

Philips; LP710P

50,000 hours

190

>80

3000 or 4000

Warm white

14000

MATERIAL OF FIXTURE

PRODUCT BRAND & CODE

NOMINAL LIFE (HOURS)

WATTAGE RANGE ( W )

CRI

COLOUR TEMPERATURE, K

COLOUR DESIGNATION

LUMINOUS FLUX (lm)

L U M E N M E T H O D C A LC U L AT I O N

SPACE Computer lab

DIMENSION Length = 8.5 mWidth = 5.5 m Height = 3.0 m

0.8

3.0

2.2

Ceiling : 50Wall : 30Floor : 50

HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL

TOTAL FLOOR AREA (m2)

T YPES OF LIGHTING FIXTURE OneSpace luminous ceiling prefab

LUMEN OF LIGHTING FIXTURE, F (lux) 14000 lm

HEIGHT OF LUMINAIRE (m)

MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm)

REFLECTION FACTORS

Area = 8.5 x 5.5 = 46.75 m2

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RI = (L x W) Hm (L + W) = 46.75 2.7 (8.5 + 5.5) = 46.75 37.80 = 1.24

N = E x A F X UF X MF = 300x 46.75 14000 X 0.37 X 0.8 = 14025 4144 = 3.38 = 4 units

0.37

0.8

300

ROOM INDEX / RI, K

UTILIZATION FACTORS, UF

MAINTENANCE FACTOR, MF

STANDARD ILLUMINANCE BY MS 1525

NUMBER OF LUMINAIRES REQUIRED

Conclusion

From the calculation, the computer lab required a total number of 4 units of onespace luminous ceiling prefab with 4.25 meter spacing arranged in 2 row con�guration to achieve even light distribution.

SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO (SHR)

FITTINGS LAYOUT BY APPROXIMATELY (m) No. of row : 2 rows

No. of �tting / row : 2 units

Spacing along the width : 8.5 = 4.25 m 2

SHR = 1 x √A Hm N = 1 x √46.75 2.2 4 = 0.78

SHR = S = 0.78 2.2

S = 2.2 x 0.78 = 1.7

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Figure 8: Arrangement of light �ttings in space II [Computer Lab]

F I T T I N G S L AY O U T

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Figure 9: Arrangement of light �ttings in space I [Children Playing area]

Figure 10: Arrangement of light �ttings with circuit in space I [Children Playing area]

2 . 3 P S A L I [ P E R M A N E N T S U P P L E M E N TA R Y A R T I F I C I A L L I G H T I N G ]


SW 1SW 2

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Figure 11: Arrangement of light �ttings in space II [Computer Lab]

Figure 12: Arrangement of light �ttings with circuit in space II [Computer Lab]


SW 1

SW 2

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3 . 1 E X T E R N A L N O I S E C A LC U L AT I O N : S O U N D P R E S S U R E L E V E L [ S P L ]


Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

Where, I : the intensity of the sound being measured (W/m2) Io : the intensity of the threshold of hearing taken as 1 x 10-12 W/m2

Jalan Haji Salleh, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur

SOUND INTENSIT Y [PEAK HOUR]: HIGHEST READING

SPL = 10 log10 x I1 Io

80 = 10 log10 x I1 Io

8.0 = 10 log10 x I1 1 x 10-12 I1 = 108.0 (1 x 10-12) I1 = 108.0 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [108.0+(-12)] = 1 x 10-4

LOWEST READING


70 = 10 log10 x I2 Io

7.0 = 10 log10 x I2 1 x 10-12 I2 = 107.0 (1 x 10-12) I2 = 107.0 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [107.0+(-12)] = 1 x 10-5

Sound Pressure Level, SPL = 10 log10 x I Io

COMBINED SPL:

I = I1 + I2 = ( 1 x 10-4 ) + ( 1 x 10-5) = 1.1 x 10-4

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL:

SPL = 10 log10 x I Io = 10 log10 x 1.1 x 10-4 1 x 10-12 = 80.41 dB

RECORDED READINGS PEAK HOUR

Highest : 80 dBLowest : 70 dB


NON - PEAK HOUR

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CONCLUSION

As a results, the average Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the exhibition area during peak and non-peak hour is 80.41 dB and 66.19 dB respectively.

SOUND INTENSIT Y [NON-PEAK HOUR]: HIGHEST READING


65 = 10 log10 x I1 Io

6.5 = 10 log10 x I1 1 x 10-12 I1 = 106.5 (1 x 10-12) I1 = 106.5 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [106.5+(-12)] = 1 x 10-5.5

LOWEST READING


60 = 10 log10 x I2 Io

6 = 10 log10 x I2 1 x 10-12 I2 = 106 (1 x 10-12) I2 = 106 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [106+(-12)] = 1 x 10-6

COMBINED SPL:

I = I1 + I2 = ( 1 x 10-5.5 ) + ( 1 x 10-6) = 4.16 x 10-6



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Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

Where, I : the intensity of the sound being measured (W/m2) Io : the intensity of the threshold of hearing taken as 1 x 10-12 W/m2

Jalan Haji Salleh, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur

SOUND INTENSIT Y [PEAK HOUR]: HIGHEST READING


75 = 10 log10 x I1 Io

7.5 = 10 log10 x I1 1 x 10-12 I1 = 107.5 (1 x 10-12) I1 = 107.5 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [107.5+(-12)] = 1 x 10-4.5

LOWEST READING


57 = 10 log10 x I2 Io

5.7 = 10 log10 x I2 1 x 10-12 I2 = 105.7 (1 x 10-12) I2 = 105.7 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [105.7+(-12)] = 1 x 10-6.3

Sound Pressure Level, SPL = 10 log10 x I Io

COMBINED SPL:

I = I1 + I2 = ( 1 x 10-4.5) + ( 1 x 10-6.3) = 3.21 x 10-5



RECORDED READINGS PEAK HOUR



NON - PEAK HOUR

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CONCLUSION

As a results, the average Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the computer lab during peak and non-peak hour is 75.07 dB and 65.42 dB respectively.

SOUND INTENSIT Y [NON-PEAK HOUR]: HIGHEST READING


65 = 10 log10 x I1 Io

6.5 = 10 log10 x I1 1 x 10-12 I1 = 106.5 (1 x 10-12) I1 = 106.5 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [106.5+(-12)] = 1 x 10-5.5

LOWEST READING


55 = 10 log10 x I2 Io

5.5 = 10 log10 x I2 1 x 10-12 I2 = 105.5 (1 x 10-12) I2 = 105.5 x (1 x 10-12) = 1 x [105.5+(-12)] = 1 x 10-6.5

COMBINED SPL:

I = I1 + I2 = ( 1 x 10-5.5 ) + ( 1 x 10-6.5) = 3.48 x 10-6



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3 . 2 R E V E R B E R AT I O N T I M E , R T

Reverberation time is the time taken for a sound, when stopped, to decay by 60 dB. Units : seconds (s)

Where, t : reverberation time (s) V : volume of the room (m3) A : total absorption of room surfaces (m2 sabins) : Σ(surface area x absorption coe�cient)

Space volume, V =

Reverberation time , t = 0.16 V A


Volume A = 4.7 m x 3.4 m x 2.7 m = 43.15 m3

Volume B = 4.7 m x 3.4 m x 2.7 m = 43.15 m3

Volume C = 2.5 m x 3.4 m x 2.7 m = 22.95 m3

Volume D = 2.5 m x 3.4 m x 2.7m = 22.95 m3

Thus, the total space volume = 132.2 m3

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Reverberation time, t = 0.16 V A = 0.16 x 132.2 27.86 = 0.76s = 0.8s

The reverberation time for the children playing area which might also be a event area at 500 Hz during non- peak hours is 0.8s. As a results, this area is at the comfort reverberation time of between the range of 0.7-1.0s. Short reverberation time are suitable for spaces like an event area where the speech given is clear enough. Lastly, this shows tha the acoustic absorption of the space is su�cient to shorten the reveberation time.

Material absorption coe�cient in 500Hz at non- peak hour with 50 persons in the space

B U I L D I N G ELEMENTS

Total Absorption, A 27.86

MATERIALS AREA (m2) A B S O R P T I O N COEFFICIENT, a

SOUND ABSORPTION, Sa

Wall

Wall

Floor Plaster �nish

Ceiling Door Glass door

-People (non-peak hour)

Plaster �nish

Glass Panel

Concrete

48.61

48.615.67 0.1050

18.09

51.3

0.729

1.026

0.7290.567

1.809

0.015

0.015

0.46 23

0.10

0.02

24

COMBINED SPL:

I = I1 + I2 = ( 1 x 10-4 ) + ( 1 x 10-5) = 1.1 x 10-4



3 . 3 S O U N D R E F L E C T I O N I N D E X , S R I


i) Glass panel curtain wall

SRI glass = 10log10 1 T glass 26 = 10log10 1 T glass 2.6 = log10 1 T glass 1 = 102.6

T glass T glass = 2.51 x 10-3

TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT OF MATERIALS

B U I L D I N G ELEMENTS

MATERIALS SURFACEAREA (m2)

SRI (dB) T R A N S M S S I O N COEFFICIENT, T

Wall Glass Panel (Curtain Wall ) 2.51 x 10-3 25.5 26

25

CONCLUSION

The overall transmission loss from the computer lab to the light reading area is 26 dB.Assumption have made that the sound pressure level, SPL in the computer lab is approximately 65.42 dB, the sound that transmitted through the glass wall to the light reading area is 39.42dB. Based on the chart of recommended internal noise levels, the upper limit for the internal ambient noise level for a light reading area is 40. In conclusion, the sound level that transmitted out from the computer lab has within the limit. Thus, the existing glass panel is �ne in the area.

Average Transmission Coe�cient of Materials

Tav = (25.5 x 2.51 x 10-3) (25.5) = 0.06 25.5 = 2.51 x 10-3

SRI overall = 10log10 1 Tav = 10log10 1 2.51 x 10-3

= 26 dB

Thus, 65.42 dB - 26dB = 39.42 dB

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4 . 0 R E F E R E N C E S

Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants - AAAC.. (2016). Aaac.org.au. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.aaac.org.au/au/aaac/downloads.aspx

(2016). Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdf

(2016). Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.utm.my/energymanagement/-�les/2014/07/MS-1525-2007.pdf

OneSpace luminous ceiling prefab Luminous Surfaces - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof/indoor-lumi-naires/luminous-surfaces/onespace-luminous-ceiling-prefab#downloads

LuxSpace Mini, surface mounted LuxSpace - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016,fromhttp://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof/indoor-lu-minaires/downlights/luxspace/luxspace-mini-surface-mounted#downloads

COMBINED SPL:

I = I1 + I2 = ( 1 x 10-4.5) + ( 1 x 10-6.3) = 3.21 x 10-5



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building science ii - project 2_report

Education