National Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--Nepal Nepal (NSET)(NSET)

www.nset.org.npwww.nset.org.np

Amod Mani DixitAmod Mani Dixit

1818--22 January 2005, Kobe, Japan22 January 2005, Kobe, JapanWorld Conference on Disaster ReductionWorld Conference on Disaster Reduction

Thematic Session 5.2Humanitarian Preparedness: Lessons and Challenges

Building National Capacity in Emergency Preparedness and Response

Emergency Preparedness and Response Emergency Preparedness and Response FrameworkFramework

•• Understanding hazard, vulnerability and riskUnderstanding hazard, vulnerability and risk•• Understanding current needs and capabilitiesUnderstanding current needs and capabilities•• Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management

PlanPlan•• Preparedness and Response Plan as a part Preparedness and Response Plan as a part

of Disaster Risk Management Planof Disaster Risk Management Plan•• Implement actionsImplement actions

Potential Impact due to scenario EQ in KVPotential Impact due to scenario EQ in KV(KVERMP estimates for IX MMI)(KVERMP estimates for IX MMI)

ImpactImpact Extent Extent DeathDeath >40,000>40,000InjuriesInjuries >95,000>95,000Buildings destroyed/collapsedBuildings destroyed/collapsed >60%>60%Homeless populationHomeless population >700,000>700,000Bridges impassableBridges impassable >50%>50%Road length damagedRoad length damaged >10%>10%Water supply pipes damagedWater supply pipes damaged >95%>95%TelephoneTelephone Exchange BuildingsExchange Buildings mostmostTelephoneTelephone lineslines >60%>60%Electric substationsElectric substations mostmostElectric linesElectric lines 40%40%Similar situation in other areas of the country

Primary Hazard

Secondary Hazards

{{Lack of

Preparedness / Capabilities

(source: GESI)(source: GESI)

Sources of Earthquake RiskSources of Earthquake Risk

Key IssuesKey Issues

•• Knowing risk is important to start for Knowing risk is important to start for preparedness and emergency responsepreparedness and emergency response

•• Most important is to understand the risk by Most important is to understand the risk by authorities at the top to the communities at authorities at the top to the communities at the bottom the bottom –– Awareness about the underlying riskAwareness about the underlying risk

Some InitiativesSome Initiatives

•• National Action Plan (NAP) for disaster risk National Action Plan (NAP) for disaster risk management has been preparedmanagement has been prepared

•• Several sectoral plans has also been Several sectoral plans has also been prepared and are being implementedprepared and are being implemented–– Health sector preparedness planHealth sector preparedness plan–– Hospital emergency plansHospital emergency plans

•• Action plans for several citiesAction plans for several cities•• Community preparedness plansCommunity preparedness plans

Municipal level earthquake preparednessMunicipal level earthquake preparedness

•• Municipal Earthquake Risk Management Municipal Earthquake Risk Management ProgramProgram

•• Assessment of earthquake riskAssessment of earthquake risk–– Damage scenario using RADIUS toolDamage scenario using RADIUS tool

•• Action Planning for ERMAction Planning for ERM•• Creation of Disaster Risk Management Creation of Disaster Risk Management

CommitteesCommittees–– For implementing mitigation, emergency response For implementing mitigation, emergency response

and preparedness plans in sustainable wayand preparedness plans in sustainable way–– Training and education of local professionals and Training and education of local professionals and

common peoplecommon people

ACTION PLANNING For ERM in KathmanduACTION PLANNING For ERM in Kathmandu

• 85 institutions involved in Action Plan Development• Commitments expressed• Involvement of stakeholders – make action plan doable

and acceptable

Community level earthquake Community level earthquake preparednesspreparedness

•• Awareness and preparedness at community Awareness and preparedness at community level through School Earthquake Safety level through School Earthquake Safety Program (SESP)Program (SESP)

•• Capacity building and community Capacity building and community preparedness through Kathmandu Valley preparedness through Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Preparedness Initiative (KVEPI)Earthquake Preparedness Initiative (KVEPI)

•• PrePre--positioning of Emergency Rescue Store positioning of Emergency Rescue Store at different communities of Kathmanduat different communities of Kathmandu

Community Preparedness through SESPCommunity Preparedness through SESP

Awareness, training and preparedness

StudentsTeachersParentsMasons

Common peopleLocal AuthoritiesCentral Government

Preparedness through CBDM activitiesPreparedness through CBDM activities

•• KVEPI in 10 wards of Kathmandu ValleyKVEPI in 10 wards of Kathmandu Valley–– Jointly with Nepalese Red Cross and American Jointly with Nepalese Red Cross and American

Red CrossRed Cross–– Training and capacity building of Red Cross Training and capacity building of Red Cross

Volunteers for effective emergency responseVolunteers for effective emergency response–– Institutional set up for disaster risk management Institutional set up for disaster risk management

at the community levelat the community level•• Disaster Management Committees at the communitiesDisaster Management Committees at the communities

–– Training of local volunteersTraining of local volunteers•• PrePre--positioning of emergency suppliespositioning of emergency supplies

PrePre--positioning of Emergency Rescue positioning of Emergency Rescue StoresStores

•• 8 locations of Kathmandu Valley8 locations of Kathmandu Valley

Preparedness at Household LevelPreparedness at Household Level

•• Awareness and training onAwareness and training on–– Identification of safe and unsafe placesIdentification of safe and unsafe places–– Prepare family emergency plansPrepare family emergency plans–– Prepare emergency kitPrepare emergency kit–– Does and don’t doesDoes and don’t does

•• Mobile Earthquake ClinicMobile Earthquake Clinic–– Mitigation and preparednessMitigation and preparedness

•• Orientation program for various institutionsOrientation program for various institutions–– International communityInternational community–– ClubsClubs–– Women groupsWomen groups–– NGOs and INGOsNGOs and INGOs

Regional Program for Emergency Capacity Regional Program for Emergency Capacity Enhancement Enhancement -- PEERPEER

•• Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER)Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER)•• Regional program in 5 countries of Asia Regional program in 5 countries of Asia –– Bangladesh, India, Bangladesh, India,

Indonesia, Nepal and PhilippinesIndonesia, Nepal and Philippines•• PEER 2 PEER 2 –– implemented by NSET (2003 implemented by NSET (2003 –– 2008)2008)•• VisionVision

–– To strengthen capacities and capabilities of first responders inTo strengthen capacities and capabilities of first responders indisaster emergencies in participating PEER countriesdisaster emergencies in participating PEER countries

•• MissionMission–– Reduce mortality in mass casualty events and increase survival rReduce mortality in mass casualty events and increase survival rates ates

of disaster victimsof disaster victims•• GoalGoal

–– To establish a regional network of emergency and medical responsTo establish a regional network of emergency and medical response e of training institutions and individuals of five PEER countriesof training institutions and individuals of five PEER countries

PEERPEER

•• Four Main Training courses:Four Main Training courses:–– Medical First Response (MFR)Medical First Response (MFR)–– Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue (CSSR)Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue (CSSR)–– Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies (HOPE)Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies (HOPE)–– Training for Instructors (TFI)Training for Instructors (TFI)

•• Four main tasks: Four main tasks: 1.1.Curricula AdaptationCurricula Adaptation2.2.Capacity Building/EnhancementCapacity Building/Enhancement3.3.InstitutionalizationInstitutionalization4.4.NetworkingNetworking

VICTIM ASSESSMENTVICTIM ASSESSMENT

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

•• Address preparedness at all levelsAddress preparedness at all levels–– Central government to individual levelCentral government to individual level

•• Address preparedness at all sectorsAddress preparedness at all sectors•• Preparedness is awareness in actionPreparedness is awareness in action•• Preparedness is translation of knowledge into Preparedness is translation of knowledge into

actionaction•• Preparedness Preparedness CanCan be achieved !be achieved !

ChallengesChallenges

•• Program coverage Program coverage –– very smallvery small–– Need to replicate to each municipality, each Need to replicate to each municipality, each

community and each individual levelcommunity and each individual level–– Only thousands are covered Only thousands are covered –– need to reach to need to reach to

millionsmillions•• Need regional cooperationNeed regional cooperation

–– For better sharing of knowledge and experiencesFor better sharing of knowledge and experiences

SustainabilitySustainability

Thanks