Building Momentum for Campus Sustainability at MIT:

Integrating with the Core Academic Mission and Engaging Students

Steven M. LanouDeputy Director - Sustainability ProgramEnvironmental Programs OfficeMassachusetts Institute of Technology617-452-2907 slanou@mit.edu

Policy Alternatives -- Civil Society Initiatives:      The Greening of Institutions and the

Emergence of Grassroots Carbon Activism

What Does Campus Sustainability Mean at MIT?

Minimizing our campus energy and environmental footprint

Building and strengthening a local community Leading by example Creating a learning laboratory – “mens et

manus” Enabling and facilitating community aspirations

Key Players in our Campus Sustainability Community

Setting the Stage at MIT

158 academic buildings 12 million sq feet academic space 153 urban acres in Cambridge 20,000 person campus population Over 2,000 research labs District steam, chilled water & electricity Utilities purchased for FY07 $60M+

$31.7M natural gas (2.9 million mmbtu) FY06 $9.4M electric (80 GWh of 200 GWh total) FY06 $3.8M oil (0.4 million mmbtu) FY06 $4.2M water and sewer FY06

Building energy intensity Campus average 373 kbtu/sf/year Typical wet lab 1200 kbtu/sf/yr Bldg 39 2600 kbtu/sf/yr Typical dorm (unairconditioned) 150 kbtu/sf/yr

Historical 1M sq ft of new space/decade

MIT Campus: A Microcosm of Our Global Challenge

MIT targeting energy and climate issues Aligning research, education, walking the talk A learning laboratory for local & global change Students play key role in all aspects

Pushing the envelop on all frontiers

MIT’s Sustainability Challenge

MIT uses 350 million gallons of water annually Generates nearly 16,000,000 lbs of trash per year …and over 270,000 lbs of lab chemical waste per year Produces thousands of cu/ft of other regulated lab waste

annually 25% of MIT community drives to campus alone But 75% take the T, carpool, bike, walk, etc. versus 45%

nationally Of over 100 campus vehicles, only 3 use alternative fuel Energy, energy, energy…

MIT's Recycling Rate and Amounts Have Increased Dramatically Since 2000, While Overall Trash Discards

Have Declined- Achieving 40% Recycling Goal in 2005 -

648993

13291667 1871

3288

5132

7035 6881

5788

51764851

11 1216

22

27

40

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Tons Recycled Tons Trash Discarded Percent Recycled

Our GHG Challenge

CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MIT CAMBRIDGE CAMPUS(Calculated 1990-2005; Estimated 2006-2020)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

Fiscal Year

Eq

uiv

alen

t M

etri

c T

on

s C

O2

Utilties Transportation

GHG Reduction Scenario(1990 levels by 2015)

53,000

60,000

50,000

5,100

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

Reduction Source

Equ

ival

ent

Met

ric

Tons

C

O2

Red

uced

Co-gen Expansion (16MW) Sustainable Building Design

Energy Conservation Programs Renewable Power Investments

168,000 Ton Reduction Needed for 1990 Levels

Building consumption 90%

Transportation (including commuting) 9.5%

Solid waste 0.5%

You Are Here

MIT Air Travel

Now Add 20% More!

What Are We Doing About Sustainability? Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

MIT’s trash to waste has gone down Solid waste goes to waste-to-energy facility Comprehensive recycling program established Our recycling rate has gone up…to over 40% We now compost over 20 tons of food waste per month “Green Procurement” policy in place Pollution prevention program formalized – Green Chemistry Re-use listservs and furniture exchange in place Water use on campus reduced 60% from 1990 to 2005 levels: that’s over

40 million gallons saved a year! Stormwater runoff significantly reduced Waste vegetable oil to biodiesel in the works

MIT's Recycling Rate and Amounts Have Increased Dramatically Since 2000, While Overall Trash Discards

Have Declined

- Achieving 40% Recycling Goal in 2005 -

648993

13291667 1871

3288

5132

7035 6881

5788

51764851

11 1216

22

27

40

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Tons Recycled Tons Trash Discarded Percent Recycled

Minimizing Transportation Impacts

Aggressive transportation demand management programs – including MIT subsidized T-Passes, rideshares, van pools, Zip Cars, GoLoco – have significantly reduced the passenger miles driven by the MIT community, and resulted in MIT being distinguished as a “Best Work Place for Commuters” by the EPA.

MIT adopted several alternative-fuel vehicles, including campus utility vehicles powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) & hybrid.

MIT and the City of Cambridge awarded an EPA grant to install advanced diesel pollution control devices on their fleets.

Renewable, plant-based biodiesel fuel has been introduced into MIT’s fleet. Student run waste vegetable oil processor coming.

Student-led efforts have shaped new commuting and parking options

What Are We Doing About Sustainability?

Adopting Sustainable Design Because building energy use contributes heavily to our ecological

impact, MIT has made a commitment to build more sustainably. MIT’s Institute building construction guidelines specify that all new

construction and major renovations strive for LEED Silver certification or better. Ready for revisiting.

The Brain and Cognitive Sciences Building was recently awarded Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certification. The Stata Center was designed to meet LEED Silver.

An anticipated LEED Gold Sloan School building and a new graduate dormitory expected to surpass Silver are in the works.

Our new Center for Cancer Research lab is hitting fume hood & HVAC use head-on.

What Are We Doing About Sustainability?

Implementing Cleaner, More Efficient Energy Systems Co-generation technology in the power plant has saved money,

reduced fuel consumption, and drastically reduced air pollutants from the conventional systems.

With co-generation MIT reduced - in the short-term - greenhouse gas emissions by 32%. Over 60,000 tons a year!

Solar panel and algae bioreactor installations on campus have further demonstrated the reality of zero emission power generation and advanced control technologies.

Energy conservation programs have been effective…but limited. We are now ramping up significant, new pilot programs.

What Are We Doing About Sustainability?

How to Deepen Sustainable Practices?

Engage Leadership through Linking Operational Objectives with Academic Mission

Energy Initiative: President Hockfield’s signature research initiative A call to action for MIT to tackle the global “energy crisis”:

“The need for workable energy options is perhaps the greatest single challenge facing our nation and the world in the 21st century”

The gist: how to meet growing energy demand without destroying our world’s resources = sustainable energy

web.mit.edu/mitei

MIT Energy Initiative: Walking the Talk on Campus

Extending research impact by demonstrating sustainable energy practices on campus and integrating education opportunities

Leading and educating by example: MIT taking action to reduce its own campus energy foot print through:

Making a commitment Investing in energy conservation Increasing energy efficiency Applying advanced energy technologies Embracing sustainable design Applying innovative financial strategies Opening our campus as a learning laboratory Creating campus-focused energy research and education opportunities

Using greenhouse gas emissions & student engagement as some metrics of our progress

A dramatic increase in energy efficiency was demonstrated after steam traps – devices to regulate steam use - were replaced in one of two identical dorms. Steam use in Building 62 (indicated by the black line) was reduced by nearly 50% and was responsive to changes in outside temperatures.

Pilot Success: A Steam Trap Demonstration Project

This year: all academic buildings renewed for $700,000 savings = 1 year payback!

Show the Data: A Chemical Fume Hood Example

Expect annual cost savings upwards of $100,000 in Dept. of Chemistry alone…more opportunities abound.

Document the Obvious (Lights Out 16-56)

Two webcams in Stata Center & Occupant Sensors in 16 & 56 capture photos every 20 minutes between 9pm and 4am

Threshold algorithm detects whether lights are on and matches them to rooms

Java software computes lighting usage and sends weekly emails to participants

Engage the Entire Community

First 2 years: a focus on the engineered solutions for energy conservation

Current priority: the community solutions Individual actions that make a difference for energy

conservation A need to engage the entire MIT community in their

“place” Build awareness, inform, enable, and empower

individuals greeningMIT logo strengthening community of action

Harness the Local Culture: Revolving Door Analysis

As seen in…

If everyone used the revolving doors at E25 alone, MIT would save almost $7500 amounting to nearly 15 tons of CO2. And that’s just from two of the 29 revolving doors on campus!

Avenues for Student Engagement in Sustainability

ResearchingLearningDoingLeadingDriving

How We Engage Students On Campus(and Get Engaged by Them) “Formal” education channels

Course curricula Class projects (5.92, S-Lab) Special modules (FPOP DEEP) Faculty-sponsored research (CS-UROPS)

“Informal” education channels Explosion of volunteer activities & internships

Student clubs: SAVE, SfGS, Sloan EE, Energy Club MIT Generator MIT Pledge

Classwork – Undergraduates

Energy, Environment & Society (5.92) First Year Students Project-Based Learning Interdisciplinary

Projects MIT Wind Capacity

Waste Heat from MIT Nuclear Research Reactor

Renewables Capacity at Cambridge High School

Key Lessons

Freshman exceed expectations

Meaningful results for partners

Sufficient guidance is key

Bring new students into network

Classwork – Lab for Sustainable Business (S-Lab)

Carbon Mitigation Projects Matrix

Key columns

Totals 132,164 52.27% $103,721,140 $16,284,745Project

category Project description ROI

CO2 Reduction MTCO2e/yr

NPV per MTCO2e

% of Total MIT CO2e

2003 # of UnitsInstalled

Cost

Annual Energy

Saving $

Fac Eff Cogen. Plant Expansion 16MW, 300,000 pph 8% 53,086.13 21.00% $78,000,000 $6,500,000

Fac Eff Window Film Application 40% 110.98 $148,647 0.04% 2,400,000 $10,000,000 $4,000,000

Fac Eff Retrocommission Six Buildings 233% 16,776.82 $503 6.64% 6 $600,000 $1,400,000

Fac Eff Lighting Occupancy Sensors 63% 5,026.04 $992 1.99% 9,867 $1,609,820 $1,006,933

Fac Eff Laboratory Fume Hoods Upgrade & VAV Controls 19% 4,274.88 $267 1.69% 500 $4,000,000 $750,000

Fac Eff Continuous Commissioning of Buildings W35 & 18 302% 12,522.20 $244 4.95% 2 $165,000 $499,102

Fac Eff Continuous Commissioning of Four More Academic 133% 10,017.76 $229 3.96% 4 $300,000 $400,000

Fac Eff Re-Lamp / Re-Ballast Campus-Wide 16% 1,570.64 $133 0.62% 50,000 $2,500,000 $390,000

Fac Eff Steam Trap Retrofits 119% 8,184.59 $248 3.24% 3,000 $302,000 $360,000

Fac Eff Add Heat Recovery to Building 13 11% 9,093.98 -$43 3.60% 1 $2,000,000 $225,000

Fac Eff Air Handler Low Drop Filters and Coil Cleaning 100% 604.09 $1,366 0.24% $150,000 $150,000

Fac Eff Underground Steam Pipe Insulation 35% 4,546.99 $117 1.80% 1,800 $400,000 $140,000

Fac Eff Add Heat Recovery from Lab Exhaust Systems 13% 4,092.29 -$11 1.62% 5 $750,000 $100,000

Fac EffIncandescent Light Bulbs to CFL Retrofits (Task Lighting) 70% 212.04 $1,269 0.08% 5,000 $75,000 $52,650

FPOP DEEP@MIT

Freshmen Pre-Orientation Program = Discover Energy & Environmental Programs Leading faculty presentations on global climate issues,

research, classes Calculation of own “carbon footprint” Learning about MIT’s own energy use & CO2 emissions Dorm building audit: heating loss, water & electricity use,

trash and recycling Leads to sets of recommendations for improvements

New addition to programs on literature, engineering and outdoor adventures

Pre-freshmen get DEEP into energy and environment

Campus Sustainability UROPs

UROP = Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program >80% of MIT undergraduates do at least one

FacultyAdvisor

UndergradStudent

OperationsAdvisor

EPO Sponsorship/MITEI Coordination

Project Examples

Green Roof Feasibility Analysis

Lab HVAC Assessments for Energy Conservation

Recycling Systems & Communications Analysis

Education Office

Environmental Programs Office

Graduate Thesis or Independent Research

Student Campus Energy Project Grants

Wind Turbine Competition

Energy Mapping Project

MIT Generator

UA Campus Energy and Environment Pamphlet

Campus Climate Awareness Project

Revolving Door Behavioral Change Campaign

Appliance Use Energy Audits and Case Studies

http://mit.edu/mitei/campus/project-fund.html

Students Embrace the Campus as a Learning Laboratory

Student interest in on-campus energy and environmental performance has skyrocketed

Driven by desire to: Walk the Talk on campus and affect change in their

community

Create a unique space to apply MIT-honed creative problem-solving skills

Develop and test emerging leadership abilities

Build collaborative bridges across academy and administration

Lead the way on campus for win-win solutions: Reduce energy use and costs

Educate the community (and themselves)

Minimize MIT’s climate footprint

Create smarter, more efficient campus

The MIT Generator exists to unite and catalyze student groups working on local energy, environment, and sustainability

projects with a campus focus

Research

Operations Education

Our vision is for MIT to be a living laboratory, where the campus itself is a development site and proving ground for student leadership and innovative policies, practices, and

technologies

Sloan Net Impact Energy

Club

SAVE MIT Student Pugwash

LFEE

Facilities

EPO

SfGS

S*

UA committee

Generator Events

Vision 2050Mapping

Transportation Course

Dorm ElectricityBiodiesel

Energy Audits and Assessment

Vision 2015

Closing the Loop

Fume Hoods

Generator - Nov 14thRe-Generator - Feb 12thEarth Week - April 23th

Solar Electric Vehicle Team ???

Biodiesel

Dorm Electricity

8 week undergraduate competition:

Saved over 230 megawatt/hours (over $30,000)

Enough to power 21 homes for a year

Created education and awareness

Sustainable Transportation Through Policy:

1.963 A Sustainable Transportation Plan for MIT

6 credits, 2-0-4 (G), W 2:30-4:00 PM, Rm. 1-132

John Attanucci, Research Associate, Center for Transportation and LogisticsLawrence Brutti, Operations Manager, MIT Parking & Transportation Office

Goal: Evaluate and recommend alternative commuter and business-related transportation policies for the MIT campus, with an emphasis on reducing transportation-related energy usage in a sustainable manner in response to President Hockfield’s “Walk the Talk” energy initiative.

Source: Collegehumor.com

MIT group strikes oil, wins "eco-grant"A plan to turn used cooking oil into biodiesel fuel has won a group led by MIT students a $25,000 "eco-grant" and a concert to be headlined by Angels & Airwaves.

This student team really wanted to get their hands dirty and make a difference Setting the gold standard for student leadership, commitment and organization Created whole new campus community Established new model for bringing change Leading faculty member: “Don’t let these proposals gather dust!”

Campus Energy Mapping

Lessons to Share

Aligning operational goals with core academic and educational mission increases its power

For academics and educators, knowing the rhythms of operations is critical

Student learning is optimized through a mix of informal and formal opportunities for learning and leadership

Persistence, vigilance, and constant “linking” are key to keeping the threads together

Some campus links you should check out: http://mit.edu/environment

http://mit.edu/facilities/environmental

http://mit.edu/mitei/campus

http://sustainability.mit.edu