building initiatives in restoring the walled city of...

HEALING HERITAGE

Building Initiatives in Restoring the Walled City of Ahmedabad

Kamalika Bose

Drawings Editor Resource

Khushi Shah | Nikhil Vyas

HEALING HERITAGE


Supported by:Ahmedabad Heritage Centre, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

F I R S T D R A F T : D U M M Y

HEALING HERITAGE


Kamalika Bose

Drawings Editor Resource

Khushi Shah | Nikhil Vyas

© 2010 Text Copyright: Kamalika Bose

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including photocopying and word processing, or distributed in return for the payment or by public lending without the prior written permission of the copyright author and publisher and subject to copyright laws.

Every effort has been made, to seek permission to reproduce those images whose copyright does not reside with the Ahmedabad Heritage Centre, and we are grateful to those individuals and institutions who have assisted in this task. Any omissions are entirely unintentional and the details should be directed to the address of the publisher mentioned above.

Layout and design by Kamalika [email protected]

CONTENTS

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. INTRODUCTORY NOTE: By Debashish Nayak

2. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY: Ahmedabad’s built heritage: A 600 year old living traditionBy Kamalika Bose

3. CASE STUDIESBreathing new life: A selection of restored works

Private:

1. Residence of Arvind Soni, Lambeshwar ni pol 102. Residence of Jagdipbhai Mehta, Moto Suthar Wado 183. Haveli at Lakha Patel ni pol4. Residence of Binaben Brahmabhatt, Vastaghelji ni pol 5. Residence of Shrenikbhai Dhruv6. Arts Reverie7. Residence of Priyadarshanbhai8. Residence of Himanshubhai Mehta9. Kua-vala Khacha cluster10. Desai ni pol cluster

Institutional:

1. Baronet Haveli at Desai ni pol for Chetna2. Dwarkadheesh haveli temple, Raipur3. Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple 304. Tankshaal ni haveli, Haja Patel ni pol

Public spaces:

1. Kavi Dalpatram chowk2. Akha Bhagat chowk3. Khodiyarnagar Vav4. Karanj Chabutaro 385. Lambeshwar ni pol Gate

4. GUIDING LINES: DETAILS, MATERIALS & PROCESSESCarrying forward a legacy: An eye towards future efforts

Appendix

Bibliography

Photo credits

9BREATHING NEW LIFE: restored works

maintenance of the property or up gradation of their family quarters. Their single roomed occupancy with a low attic was compelled to hold every household activity including those of their young son. Shared utilities implied that the toilet and basic water facilities were on the lower level and quite inconvenient to access or use under the current occupancy divisions. Traditionally a family of goldsmiths, Arvindbhai’s ancestral residence adjoined this current property. While this family of three had moved out to live in Paldi, on the western edge, familial pressures charted their return to the pol. However, soon, dwindling fortunes triggered by sharp price rises in the gold market negatively impacted the family income, forcing even their son to forego schooling. When the Ahmedabad Heritage Cell identified this residence as a potential case for restoration within a very significant urban context and neighbourhood structure, it was only an academic step, to say the least. With only one-fourth proprietorship over the building and a general non-cooperation between other owners, there were initial hiccups. With these ironed out eventually, modes of fundraising were looked into. Technical consultation was provided gratis along with a handsome subsidy from the Heritage Cell for repair work. This lowered the financial burden of the owners, now requiring to contribute only Rs 25000/-. On the AHC’s recommendation, Ilaben obtained a micro credit of Rs 15000/- from the Mahila Sewa Bank while the remaining was meted out by her brother.

Figure 2:Kavi Dalpatram Chowk showing the neighbourhood and Ilaben’s corner residence

Figure 3:Corner of the Chowk, an important restored public space now, falling on the City Heritage walk route.

1Residence of Ilaben Soni

Location: 685/2, Lambeshwar ni pol, Kalupur

Area: 500 sq ft

Owner: Ilaben SoniContractor: Jethabhai SolankiTeam: Pierre Cadot, A. Vijaya, Nikhil Vyas, Vivek Pandhi

Project Duration: 2 months(October 2003 – December 2003)

Project cost: Rs. 1,65,000/-

Funding: Mahila Sewa Bank and subsidy from Heritage Cell

This modest family house in Lambeshwar ni pol occupies a pivotal corner of the Kavi Dalpatram Chowk, also an important restored public space now, falling on the City Heritage walk route. The plot of land has retained its original profile, as documented in the City Survey sheets of 1881.

In 2003, the residential plot was a divided property with varied occupancy, where individual owners or tenants utilised half the available floor area on both floors. While the ground floor was entirely inaccessible for restoration, the rear portion of the first floor had already witnessed an insensitive renovation thereby completely losing its visual character and architectural integrity with the surrounds. Ilaben and her husband, Arvindbhai Soni, then tenants on the upper floor of the chowk facing western wing, were in dire need to improve their living conditions within a dilapidated space. However serious financial constraints deterred any concrete step towards either

Figure 1:Area plan of Lambeshwar ni pol in Kalupur showing the corner location of the house and surrounds of the pol.


Figure 5:3-d views of the house showing the facade changes and internal modifications.

Figure 4:Removal and restoration of the facade’s damaged corner beam and bracket detail.


Figure 10:The restoration work documented as a stagewise process. Enhancing existing living qualities and incorporating modern utilities was also a significant arm of the project.

Figure 9:An on-site photo illustrating the methods undertaking while the Gujarati banner hanging afront aimed at creating awareness about the activity within the pol

Initiatives through the restoration process:

A team of carpenters and masons partnered with architects of the AHC to work on a series of design solutions for the structural failures and facade restoration.> De-plastering of the external walls and re-application of lime plaster for authentic restoration was a key step.> For restoration of all facade elements and woodwork, the built form was dismantled to its skeleton where weaker joints were removed and supplemented> Removal and re-laying of roof with proper waterproofing.> Introduction of a dedicated kitchen with an adjoining toilet and bath facility after the entrance space> Shifting of the mezzanine to the opposite side and raising of roof to bring in greater natural light. A higher volume now allowed better utilisation of the mezzanine space> The community black board was built anew

Figure 11:Wall section showing the various facade elements that were restored and their junction details.

Major identifiable problems and condition survey:

Being a modest family property the nature of interventions required would be both at the structural and functional levels. A detailed condition survey of the portion revealed the degree of restoration work that would be required. > Weakening of facade corner beam resulting in tilt and distortion of the front along with bending of the balcony slab> Corrosion and wear out of the terracotta tiled roof exposing large parts and causing water leakage into the living spaces below > Absence of kitchen and toilet facilities within the house and efficient utilisation of existing spaces> Poor natural light quality and ventilation as mezzanine floor, used as an attic, was supported along the facade wall> Blackboard on the ground floor facade, used as a community notice board, had been severely damaged

Figure 6:Series of roofing details and joinery systems that were developed for the house. While these were eventually not utilised, they show the possibilities and process that the restoration undertook.

Figure 7:Proposed fixing detail for new I-girder onto the existing structural framework. This was devised reinforcing the facade’s structural strength.

Figure 8:Gutter detail for rainwater drainage at the end of roofing tiles. While the roof consisted of waterproofed GI sheets, country tiles were then mounted over it to bring back the visual character of the house.


It is evident from the current state and usage that, even eight years after its restoration, the basic motivation behind the project has made a qualitative difference to the Soni family. With a physically larger floor area to reside within, the three basic spatial zones have retained their multi-functionality without overlapping service and dwelling areas. The family, having found renewed interest in their property, repaid the bank loan within six months. One of the earliest undertaken works, the completion of this project triggered a number of independent and collaborative restoration efforts in the neighbouring pols and set the stage for work to be undertaken at a much larger scale.

Figure 13:BEFORE | AFTERThe restored facade, of this corner property, along with both blackboards have utilised traditional techniques of lime plastering and woodwork. The use of country tiles over a GI roof allowed for aesthetic harmony.

Figure 14:BEFORE | AFTERThe increased roof height showing the additional row of openings along the facade. The beam along the balcony and both brackets add further character to this otherwise austere facade articulation.

Figure 12:Internal view of the house showing the newly created double height space and mezzanine floor. This space allows better light and ventilation with the increased roof height and makes the dwelling unit more functional.


Walking into the labyrinthine alleys of Khadia, where pol definitions seamlessly merge into each other, one encounters the quiet environs of Moto Suthar Wado. Flanked by significant neighbours like Desai ni pol and Akha Bhagat chowk on its sides, this pol has a stoic calm about its residences, many of which have now been restored.

Here, as a rare corner property with a large front yard and garden, sits the ancestral house of Jagdipbhai Mehta. Having lived here with his parents and brother’s family for many years, the common space crisis due to growing needs, eventually began to tug at them. Unwilling to move out the pol, luck came knocking when their neighbour’s vacant property was put up for sale. Though in a derelict condition with several structural problems, Jadgipbhai’s family was determined to buy and restore the house, much to the dismay and chagrin of their relatives and well wishers! Primarily planned as an extension to the adjoining ancestral house, this property was accessed from a different street but internally connected to the main house.

Figure 3:Entry leading to the front yard of the house, which forms a common connector to both houses. This corner property is one of the few in this area to have such a generous landscaped forecourt.

Figure 4:Mr and Mrs Arvindbhai Mehta in the central courtyard of the restored house. The door to the left connects to their older house and the forecourt while the one to the right leads to the new service court.

Figure 2:Area plan of Moto Suthar Wado in Khadia, in the vicinity of Hatkeshwar Mahadev temple and Desai ni pol. The map shows both the existing and new houses of the Mehta family.

Figure 5:Detail of the front door to the house.

Figure 1:BEFORE | AFTERView of the restored facade

2Residence of Jagdipbhai Mehta

Location: Moto Suthar wado, Khadia

Area: 3500 sq ft

Owner: Jagdipbhai MehtaContractor: Jethabhai SolankiTeam: Pierre Cadot, Khushi Shah

Project Duration: 7 months(March 2004 – October 2004)

Project cost: Rs. 9,45,000/-

Funding: HUDCO Loan


Major identifiable problems and condition survey:

Being an abandoned family house, the property lay in a state of great disrepair at the time of purchase. In restoring the built form the need for up gradation, to accommodate amenities and services for contemporary living, was a key issue. The predominant areas requiring intervention can be categorised as:> Structural failure around the main courtyard> Lack of service facilities (toilets and bathrooms within the building)> Poor light and ventilation causing dampness and foul odour in spaces> Collapse of false ceiling with living area in a state of disrepair > Lack of sufficient bedrooms for accommodation

Initiatives through the restoration process:

Restoration in this project, being a larger property, can be viewed from several levels. Beginning with a series of spatial alterations that would make the available spaces more efficient and increase utilisation, the team of architects then moved onto the structural and aesthetic aspects of the house that requires attention. Key interventions addressed:> Creation of a service court with toilets on all floors: an existing room on the south-east corner of the property was chosen for conversion into toilets that opened onto a service shaft that was open to sky. For this, the existing sloping roof structure and intermediate slabs on all floors were partially removed to create the service court. The newly created toilets were all attached to bedrooms on the upper levels.> This new court also facilitated the collection of


Figure 6: Transformation of the central courtyard where the existing structure was supplemented by I-beams to counter structural failure. The surrounding balcony and windows were then reset on the new supports.

Figure 7: Extension of the room on the terrace where the surface was ripped down to its basic structure and brought to align with the court. With the new structure reinforced, plaster and coloured glass added character.

rainwater and its collection into an existing well (tanka) that was located on the ground floor. The tanka which had been sealed was reopened, cleaned and is now used by the family during the summer months.> A new room was created on the second floor by realigning the parapet over the main courtyard to increase its size. Coloured glass and larger openings with a flat roof were introduced to bring in more natural light.> Structural failure within the beams around the central courtyard on the lower level was reinforced by embedding an I-section within the wooden members.

Figure 9:This room overlooked the court and connected to the street on the first floor. Its wall surfaces were removed and replenished to bring back its original character

Figure 10: This wall of the courtyard was opened up and later additions were removed to create a larger family space. The alterations at both levels create a unified spatial experience through the entire courtyard volume.

Figure 8: Restoration of balcony overlooking the central court where the earlier windows were removed to increase connectivity and enhance usability of the semi covered space.


FALSE CEILING RESTORATION

This false ceiling, over the main baithak or reception area at the first floor level was in a complete state of disrepair. While some pieces had fallen out earlier, the handpainted designs had been obliterated from others over time. Each remaining panel member was individually dismantled, coded and laid out on the floor. Restoration of the original ceiling had to be abandoned, after much effort, due to excessive brittleness and damp within each member. The ceiling was then finally recast in plaster and hand-painted over, following the original design.

Figure 11: This restored ceiling over the first floor baithak.

Figure 14:Sectional view showing the restored tanka, the new service court and toilet blocks. Incorporation of these amenities has helped to successfully convert this house into one for contemporary living.

Figure 15:Various stages in the restoration process showing the stages and nature of work involved.

Figure 17:Inauguaration of the restored house. Extension press and media coverage helped showcase the project to wider sections of the city and elsewhere.

Figure 15:Some current engagements and activities promotes by the family. Workshops, dance and art classes are regularly held within the premises.

OVERLEAF

Figure 16:The central courtyard

BREATHING NEW LIFE: restored works

Figure 12:Sectional view through the house showing the sequence of spaces from the road side and the new extensions post restoration.

Detail 2Light weight concrete slab

Detail 3Beam supports

Figure 13:Structural details used around the central courtyard


A grand inauguration and opening awaited the house upon its restoration. This project has proved to be one of the most successful endeavours within the walled city where upgradation to modern amenities was seamlessly combined within the restoration process. The owners have since then taken over and enthusiastically promote and conduct cultural activities for the community and visitors alike. While the upper portions of the house currently serve as a bed and breakfast facility for tourists in Ahmedabad, the remaining areas are used to hold several workshops, art and dance courses for school children and other gatherings. The Mehtas are determined to not only preserve their house well but also to do their bit for Ahmedabad’s built heritage. Through online and social networking they also maintain links with the international community where their restored home becomes their window for interaction, showcasing and spreading awareness about the city’s rich built heritage.


One of the few remaining examples of Solanki temple architecture built in the Maratha era within the Walled city, the Hatkeshwar Mahadev is an important religious and social institution for the Nagar Brahmins of the city. However large portions of it were disused and ill maintained as the community had moved away from the pols and met only on festive occasions.

On generating funds through the temple trust and community contributions facade and temple restoration were the two key tasks identified. However, to ensure usability of the large compound and surrounding spaces, for the community, some additional facilities were also incorporated. The priest’s room was removed to create a large semi-open pavilion for social gatherings, weddings and community events while new washrooms were also provided. The work was carried out in 3 phases beginning with the facade and rooms on the northern side. At all places both the outer and inner support structures and floors were completely removed and assessed for reusability. Large parts of the surface infill had to be redone due to weathering of the wood while brackets, cornices, parapets could be reused.

Figure 1: Area plan of Hatkeshwar Mahadev temple showing its corner position at the end of Desai ni pol while its main facade sits on Balahanuman Road.

Figure 2: An 18th century archival photo shows the temple in its glory days with a longer wooden facade leading to Vanita Vishram school on its left. The gate of Amrutlal ni pol lies in the background. Below lies the dismal state with unsightly facade alterations before restoration activities began.

Figure 3: Fundraising brochures were circulated by the AHC among the Visnagar Nagar community and Temple trust to create awareness and generate funds for the temple’s restoration. This trust subsequently garnered and administered the the finances for restoration.

3Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple

Location: Beside Desai ni pol, KhadiaOwner: Visnagar Nagar Temple TrustContractor: Jagdish VermaTeam: Florent Barue, Shirish JoshiProject Duration: 7 monthsSeptember 2005 – April 2006Project cost: Rs. 35 Lacs (approx)Funding: Amrutlal Tuljaram Hatkeshwar Mahadev Navnirman Fund

Facade Detail



TEMPLE RESTORATIONDISMANTLING OF FACADE


Figure 3: The restored north facade adjoining Vanita Vishram school, started by Gandhiji. This also made the rooms above usable and incorporated new facilities and services like washrooms and restrooms for public gatherings and religious or social functions on the temple premises.

Figure 4: BEFORE | AFTERThe east facade of the temple along with the entrance plinth had been severely damaged and encroached upon over time. The facade was treated with lime plaster while all openings were reworked in keeping with the internal configuration.

Figure 6: Hatkeshwar Jayanti being celebrated with great pomp and grandeur. The deity is carried out of the temple on that day and taken through the streets in a procession with devotees offering their respects on the way.

Figure 5: (adjoining)BEFORE | AFTERWhile the wooden facade had been destroyed and replaced by cement walls (inset), these were restored to its earlier material and aesthetic in keeping with available archival data.


‘Chabutaro’ or bird feeders form a unique feature of the urban landscape of this region and especially in Ahmedabad. With the Walled City dotted with several such structures within pols and at street junctions, they are strong indicators of a collective responsibility the citizens displayed towards its winged population. The Karanj Chabutaro is one such significant structure and its restoration paved the way for several similar ones across the city.

Located at the corner of a busy, commercial thoroughfare that connects the Bhadra Fort complex to Teen Darwaza, the Karanj Chabutaro was a 150 year old structure. The Chabutaro has found mention through drawings and descriptions in the travelogues of several visitors and surveyors to the city in the last two centuries. However its exquisite woodwork and architectural workmanship were lying in neglect and had reached a stage of collapse. Also rampant new construction and rise of pavement hawkers around the structure not only obliterated its presence in the area but also posed a serious threat to its future. The Ahmedabad Heritage Cell managed to generate interest of the local community around the area and sought out skilled craftsmen who could restore the structure to its former glory through authentic techniques. This entire effort was then supported by prominent city artist, Amit Ambalal, who granted and administered funds for its restoration through the Shantaben Motilal Charitable Trust. After dismantling the Chabutaro part by part the entire process of repair, reconstruction and restoration shifted to Amitbhai’s studio and workshop in Navrangpura. At the onset, a detailed inventory was drawn up to determine the scope of work. This comprised a count of all missing architectural elements and other replenishments that the structure would require. Some of these comprised: > Completely new roofing using galvanised iron sheet > Inner false ceiling using tin sheet > Wooden planks over the joists > Inner wooden planks of the inclined roof > Two missing side carvings > Missing side posts to be replaced > Six missing side statues > Five missing side carvings > Whole flooring to be replaced

Figure 1:Archival sketch of the Karanj Chabutaro showing the structure and its surrounding context in the early 19th century.

Figure 2:Area plan of Karanj denoting the location of the Chabutaro, adjacent to the Police chowki. Road on either sids lead to Bhadra and Teen Darwaza.

4Karanj ChabutaroLocation: KaranjContractor: Prabhudas Mistry, Jethabhai SolankiTeam: A. VijayaProject Duration: 10 months(June 2004 – April 2005) Project cost: Rs. 2,50,000/-Funding: Shantaben Motilal Charitable Trust, Ahmedabad


Figure 5: Details from the Chabutaro indicating the damage and dislocation of the various parts and elements. Corrosion and weathering of the wood were other factors that had weakened the overall structure.

Figure 6: Dismantling of the Chabutaro, from dome to pillar, being conducted by skilled workers at night. These were then transported for repair and restoration to Amit Ambalal’s workshop.

PHASE THREERepair, remaking and restoration of individual elements:

Other than the grouted wooden pillar and base, all parts were brought to the workshop. Skilled craftsmen under the guidance of Prabhudas Mistry undertook the task of regenerating all elements of the Chabutaro. Templates or ‘farma’ were created for the different members through which parts were remade. Seasoned teakwood was recycled from older, disused buildings and brought on site as the primary material for replacing all missing elements. Weakened joints were reinforced while some rotten, weathered parts had to be discarded. Several structural tests were performed on the Chabutaro to verify its strength and ability to take on newer elements. The new and the old wood also needed to be matched through staining and polishing before all components were ready to be transported back to site for final assembly and reconstruction.

PHASE ONEDocumentation and construction study:

The team of AHC architects prepared a series of drawings of the Chabutaro which would be used as the base to understand the original structure, its sub parts and individual components. Reference from earlier documentation of the Chabutaro also aided in grasping its construction, joinery and details at various levels of the structure. This was then overlaid on the condition survey report to assess scope of work, missing elements and new construction required. AHC in consultation with the contracting team devised some alterations in some fixing and grouting details of the new structure based on this documentation.

PHASE TWODismantling and transportation to workshop:

An elaborate scaffolding was set up around the Chabutaro to dismantle it piece by piece starting from the dome. Strict supervision was required as several pieces were fragile, broken or weakened at the joint. This work was to necessarily take place at night, in order to avoid the traffic chaos of the area, and therefore required greater precautions. Also the bustle of the area and lack of space made it impossible to conduct any repair work on site. Components were then grouped, numbered and transported to Amit Ambalal’s workshop where the restoration work was carried out over the next eight months.

Figure 3: A drawing of the Karanj Chabutaro from an 18th century documentation of Ahmedabad’s historic medieval architecture. This served as the trigger to restore the structure.

Figure 4: The team from Ahmedabad Heritage Centre examines the dilapidated Chabutaro in 2004. The attached metal staircase and Municipal building were seriously hampering the bird feeder.


Figure 7: (adjoining) Individual parts at the workshop. On being numbered and coded, each part was then remade or repaired depending on the condition.

Figure 8: (adjoining) 3-d view of the restored Chabutaro

crown of the chabutra tilted off axis

tin sheet rusted and has come out at many places

joints between the structureand the roofing openedinner ceiling of the roofing rusted and has come out

side support elementsin fairly good condition

cornice broken atmany places

plaster from many placeshas come out

joints between the woodenmembers opened

the carving severly damaged

carved wooden member missing

wooden bracket missingexposing the mortice

steel ring reinforcement around the wooden post

wooden post in fairly goodcondition except a minor crack

cornice broken

niche inside theplatform plastered

crown of the chabutra tilted off axis

tin sheet rusted and has come out at many places

joints between the structureand the roofing openedinner ceiling of the roofing rusted and has come out

side support elementsin fairly good condition

cornice broken atmany places

plaster from many placeshas come out

joints between the woodenmembers opened

the carving severly damaged

carved wooden member missing

wooden bracket missingexposing the mortice

steel ring reinforcement around the wooden post

wooden post in fairly goodcondition except a minor crack

cornice broken

niche inside theplatform plastered

ELEVATION SECTION


RESTORATION OF THE WOODEN DOME


PHASE FOURReassembling of the Chabutaro on site:

After clearing all encroached structures in its vicinity, the ground was prepared for re-erecting the Chabutaro. On site the damaged base was recasted and the wooden pillar restored before the superstructure could be attached to it. The central post was mounted over by lion-headed cross beams which supported the octagonal feeder base. The dome was installed, clad and polished on site after the entire assembly was complete.

The Chabutaro was inaugurated and given back to the people and city at a public event on the site. Accompanied by a puppet show and cultural programmes the significance of such structures in the city was drawn out to the audience. An illustrative booklet, based on the puppet tale, titled ‘Bapalal’s Parabdi- Revival of Ahmedabad’s Pride: Chabutaro’, was also published thereon. The restoration of the Karanj Chabutaro opened up a new range of structures that now came into the purview of conservationists, moving from monuments and dwellings within the Walled city. Subsequently proposals were submitted for restoring Chabutaros at Jamalpur, Khadia and Dariapur wards, some of which have been successfully undertaken. These have now become icons of Ahmedabad’s heritage movement and awareness campaigns.

Figure 9: Reassembling of the Chabutaro on site once all parts and components were restored. Final installation of the dome and its copper cladding was the only stage that was completely done on site once the remaining structure had been re-erected.

Figure 10: Exploded view of the Karanj Chabutaro displaying the nature of parts and their assembly. Each individual component was removed and then again refitted following traditional techniques and know-how of skilled wood workers.

Figure 11: Inauguration of the restored Karanj Chabutaro. The event was marked by a traditional puppet show that traced the history of the Chabutaro and its significance in the city’s urban life. Attended by several prominent citizens and locals from the area, it instilled a new awareness within people.

This book aims to comprehensively present approaches, methods, techniques and projects, undertaken by the Ahmedabad Heritage Centre over the last fifteen years, in collaboration with the local community and professionals, to restore and uphold the rich built traditions found within the Walled city of Ahmedabad. Beyond a mere visual documentary of selected works, it discusses methods and techniques utilised in the restoration process, the newer amenities incorporated to upgrade the buildings for contemporary use and record unique architectural and spatial features in them. Representative examples also attempt to establish guidelines and codes applicable for self-initiated building and property restoration within the Walled city of Ahmedabad.

Supported by:Ahmedabad Heritage Centre, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

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