T H E R O L E O F I C T S I N D R M I N T H E

P H I L I P P I N E S

BUILDING E-RESILIENCE

Prepared for DOST-ICTO by: E. Alampay, A. Panao, and R. Rye

22 April 2015

OUTLINE

• Legal and policy Context

• Evolution of Philippine Disaster Framework

• Assessment of ICT Readiness

• Local Trends and Applications of ICT Systems in use

for DRM

• Disaster Prevention & Mitigation

• Disaster Preparedness

• Disaster Response

• Disaster Recovery

• Lessons and Recommendations

LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT

• Risk Reduction and Management as a Legal Duty

• The state has committed to “provide maximum care,

assistance, and services to individuals and families affected

by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to

lessen the impact of disaster and facilitate the resumption

of normal social and economic activities.” Sec. 2 RA 10121

• Legal context of DRM in the Philippines

• Philippine Disaster Act of 2010 (RA 10121)

• Climate Change Act of 2009

• People’s Survival Fund Act

• Risk Reduction and Preparedness Equipment Protection Act

EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER FRAMEWORK

• –––

PERIOD/Law FOCUS/Contribution

Commonwealth Preparedness for war/National

defense

Civil Defense Act Preparedness for natural

calamities

PD 1566 An integrative approach

towards disaster policy

formulation; seen still as a

concern of National Defense

Climate Change Act 2009 &

PDRRM 2010

adopts UN definition for disasters

& in turn, disaster risk reduction

ADOPTION OF U.N. DEFINITION FOR DISASTER

• “a serious disruption of the functioning of a

community or a society involving widespread

human, material, economic or environmental losses

and impacts which exceed the ability of the

affected community or society to cope using its

own resources” (Sec. 3g of CC Act)

This definition expands the notion of what disaster

countries should prepare for. No longer limited to WAR or

NATURAL CALAMITIES

DEFINITION OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

• “the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.”

DRM LAWS & ICTS

Policy Provides for ICTs involved RA 10121 (Philippine Disaster Act of 2010)

multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating, and sharing of a DRRM Information System

- Database or information system - GIS -based national risk maps

a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide accurate and timely advice

- digital & analog broadcast, cable, satellite TV & radio, and wireless and landline communications

RA 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009)

R & D, database development, and information dissemination

- database, new risk assessment technology

- communication infrastructure

Research, development, and promotion of technology - tools and technology relevant to climate change

RA 10174 (People’ Survival Fund Act)

financing the development of forecasting and early warning systems

- forecasting and early warning ICT

RA 10344

(Risk Reduction and Preparedness Equipment Protection Act)

Punishes the theft, destruction, tampering, or illegal selling (fencing) of equipment used in risk reduction and prevention (e.g. aRQ)

- government equipment and technology used in disaster reduction and management (e.g. tsunami warning and monitoring system).

BASED ON DRM LAWS : THE FUNCTIONS OF ICT

• ICTs as critical infra for Data Repository

• Use information for other services

• Data storage; Back-up System

• ICTs as Infra for communication

• Delivery of information

• Means for education

• Warning the population

• ICTs as an enabling mechanism for Information

Systems

• Climate and DRR forecasting, mapping, modeling

• Early warning systems

ASSESSMENT OF E-RESILIENCE

• The concept of eResilience

• Resilience of functions

• Resilience of infrastructure (telecom, power, datacenters)

• State of ICT Infrastructure

• Existing ICT activities relevant to DRR

• Programs and initiatives that enhance DRR

• Regional DRR systems

E-RESILIENCE

• Resilience - ‘ability to recover after a disaster as quickly as possible’

• “the ability of a system, community, or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to, and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions” (UNISDR 2009, 24).

• E-Resilience - ICTs role in DRM. Addresses not only software, and hardware, but also the communication aspect, and its ability to operate and recover during and after disasters

E-RESILIENCY : FUNCTION & STRUCTURE

• Addressing Vulnerability of infrastructures • Location (e.g. locating data centers in ‘safe’ and hazard safe

areas; providing back-up for data, for communication, for power)

• Environmental (e.g. updating building standards)

• Limitations in design (e.g. building codes; frequency standards; information architecture)

• Network Security (e.g. physical security (e.g. terrorist attacks; bombs))

• Addressing Vulnerability of Function • People (e.g. capacity building to access and use ICTs)

• Interoperability (e.g. est. standards to make systems interoperable)

• Security –(e.g. use policies (organizational policies for controlling access to various databases); cyber security from online attacks)

BUILDING BLOCKS OF E-GOVERNMENT

(SOURCE: E-GOVERNMENT MASTERPLAN)

FOR EXAMPLE: SCHEMA FOR DATA SHARING

Raw Data

Gathering

Data Analysis

User

Raw Data

Gathering

Ex. Data Maps - Reports

Access and Use

Capacity for Analysis

Download to Users

System for Research

Driven Policies

Source: David (2012) as cited in Climate Change

Commission- Philippines (2013: 30)

A SCHEME FOR DATA SHARING

• A Central

clearinghouse for

government data

• Ease of

upload/download

of data

• Pay-per-use policy

• Rules for data use

STATE OF ICT STRUCTURES

• Access to basic ICT services

• Broadband access

• Cable Landings

• Domestic Networks

• eGov Infrastructure

ACCESS TO ICTS IN THE PHILIPPINES (2000-2013)

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

fixed telephone per 100

mobile/cellular per 100

fixed (wired) broadband per 100

% individuals using internet

STATE OF BROADBAND ACCESS (SOURCE: BROADBAND COMMISSION)

Internet Access Indicator Percentage

Access to fixed Broadband 2.6

Access to wireless broadband 20.3

Households with Internet 22.9

Individual Access to the Internet 37.0

CABLE LANDINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES

These include the Asia

Pacific Cable Network

(APCN, APCN-2, C2C, East

Asia Crossing, Tata Global

Network- Intra Asia , Asia-

American Gateway (AAG)

and Guam-Philippines (G-P),

South-East Asia - Middle East

- Western Europe 3 (SEA-ME-

WE 3) distributed in five

cable landing stations in

Batangas, Ballesteros,

Capepisa, La Union and

Nasugbu

DOMESTIC NETWORKS

Two (2) large domestic undersea cable systems forms

a ring around the country:

• Digital Transmission Network(NDTN)

• Domestic Fibre Optic Network (DFON)

Government Systems

• National Backbone Infrastructure (For its Municipal

Telephone Program)

• PREGINET

• Satellite communications (Mabuhay)

EGOV INFRASTRUCTURE

• iGovPhil • Fiber optic network (FON)- that will connect government

agencies to a central data center

• Government Cloud

• Government Web Hosting Service

• TV White Space • used in trials in areas hit by Typhoon Haiayan , such as Leyte

Province, and in Bohol, which was hit by an earthquake in 2013. Government and NGOs were able to provide internet access during relief operations.

• Integrated system digital broadcast TV • aligned with planned digital TV migration and reception of

early warning broadcast system (EWBS) during a disaster

• Revised Building Code Standards related to ICT Infrastructure

FUNCTIONS: EXAMPLES OF ICT SYSTEMS IN USE FOR DRM

• ICTs for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation

• ICTs for Disaster Preparedness

• ICTs for Disaster Response

• ICTs for Disaster Recovery

DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION

• Project NOAH

• Advanced Remote Data Acquisition Units (arQ)

• Hazard Mapping

• Nababaha.com

• Philvocs

• PhilVocs Programs

• Information portals

DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION

• PROJECT NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) : • Hydromet Sensors Development

• DREAM-LIDAR 3-D mapping Project

• Flood NET- Flood Modeling Project

• Hazards Information Media

• Enhancing Geo-Hazards Mapping through LIDAR

• Doppler System Development

• Landslide Sensors Development Project

• Storm Surge Inundation Mapping Project.

• Weather Information – Integration for System Enhancement (WISE)

PROJECT NOAH

FLOOD HAZARD MAP (SOURCE: NABABAHA.COM)

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• OCD’s Disaster Information for National Awareness

(Project DINA)

• PAGASA’s Weather Forecasting Systems

• Rainfall Warning

• Thunderstorm Warning

• Early Warning and Monitoring for Flood

• National cellphone broadcast system

PROJECT DINA

WEATHER FORECASTING

WEATHER FORECASTING

Example:

National Cell

Broadcast

System

DISASTER RESPONSE

• NDRRMC’s Intelligent Operations Center (IOC)

• Government Emergency Communication Program

• Resilient Networks and Reconfigurable IS for Rapidly

Deployable Disaster Response

• NDRMO National Text Blast System

• eBayanihan Project

• “Batingaw” Mobile App

DISASTER RECOVERY

• Faith

• eMPATHY

• Igov Phil

FOREIGN AID TRANSPARENCY HUB

EMPATHY

EMPATHY

LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

• Actual Philippine disaster risk reduction and management plan does not reflect the integrative characteristic of the UNISDR definition • Currently biased towards natural and climate related disasters

• Capacities and systems need to be developed for other types of disasters (e.g. conflict, health, terrorism, financial)

• Philippine disaster framework poses an additional enforcement challenge • There’s already many laws and regulations in place to set

standards and safeguards to minimize or avert damages due to disasters even prior to the CC Act and DRR Law.

• Need to rationalize all plans and examine the mandates of the responsible agencies to ensure that programs converge and synchronize in accordance with legislative intent and with the overall agenda for national development.

LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

• 3. The Philippine Development Plan and the NDRRMP still see vulnerability as largely pertaining to natural hazards

• A more expansive definition of vulnerabilities is needed • Requires revisiting what makes e-Government Systems more

resilient by viewing it in terms of Functional and Infrastructural needs. In particular:

• Degree of resiliency is dependent on the degree pro-activeness in addressing Critical Information Infrastructure protection – beyond weather (e.g. power, terrorism, cyber security). This would also entail • Development of government continuity plans

• Provision of redundancies in telecommunication, power, and data repositories

• Revisiting infra and information standards

• In Systems Functions (system cyber security) • Develop system back-up (for all levels of government)

• Cyber security teams

SOURCES

• DOST • DOST-ICTO (2014) “Use of ICT on Disaster Management” 1st Joint

workshop PPT presented, Mya 19, 2014 at EDSA Shangrila-Hotel

• Canillo, R. (2013) ICT for Disaster Risk Management. Workshop o ICT

for Disaster Risk Mnaagment, Dec 11-12, 2013 at the Rembrandt

Hotel, QC

• Pagasa website

• Office of Civil Defense Information Briefing on OCD Related ICT

Activities

• Nababaha.com

• Poster from: http://pixshark.com/disaster-preparedness-and-

management-poster.htm