Building . Context . Place ARCH 4115 Architectural Design Studio U5

Instructors: Patrick Hwang (coordinator) phwang@cuhk.edu.hk

Sebastian Law sebsaihunglaw@gmail.com Francesco Rossini rossini@cuhk.edu.hk T.C. Yuet yuettc@yahoo.com.hk

Assistants: Wayne C.P. Wan waynecpwan@gmail.com

Derek K.T. Pang derekpang3010@gmail.com 2016-17, Term 1 Year 4 (5 Units) Mondays, Thursdays 1:30-6:15pm

Forbes Street (Stone wall trees) and Ching Lin Terrace, Kennedy Town, 2016

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Aerial Map, Kennedy Town, 2015

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CONTENTS

COURSE OUTLINE P5

COURSE FORMAT & ACTIVITIES P5

Act 1: Startup Housing: a mini- architectural competition P7

Act 2: Public space and density study workshop P11

Act 3: Urban investigation and preliminary design: site response and strategy P13

Act 4: Building design: articulation and place making (6 Weeks) P15

ASSESSMENT SCHEME P17

FINAL SUBMISSION P17

COORDINATION WITH REQUIRED COURSE P17

IMPORTANT NOTE TO STUDENTS P17

SCHEDULE P18

REFERENCES

Housing typology case studies P21

Readings P22

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District atmosphere, Kennedy Town, 2016

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COURSE OUTLINE The idea of relating a building to its context represents a basic understanding in designing architecture on a site, and in the company of other buildings. At the level of building, it exploits the unique quality of a site, informs the placement of building, and shapes the inside-outside relationship. At the contextual level, it considers architecture as a part of the city, and contributes to the making of public places. In traditional societies, this architectural response is obvious - a house forming a part of a village, several houses forming a village square, and a village fitting seamlessly into the rural context. With increasing demand for individuality, larger scale of cities, and rapid urbanization, this fundamental requirement of architecture is often ignored. ‘Contextual design’ is sometimes argued to be of lesser importance given the vast scale, and internal concerns of architecture today. Yet the making of connectivity, openness, and publicness in architecture is ever more pressing in the contemporary city, for it alleviates isolation, fosters tolerance, and gives pleasure and meaning to places. This studio investigates contextual response and place-making in architecture. The studio searches for the design of architecture that influences urban form generation and articulation; interfaces and dialogue between architecture and city; making of sustainable cities. Behind the studio is an attempt to use architectural design as a vehicle to contribute to alternative urban strategies and place-making in Hong Kong. Objectives. ▪ Impart appreciation about different aspects of place and site context significant for design; ▪ Explain importance of process and precedents of designs with contextual response; ▪ Teach students about building typologies and their possible translations to a specific site; ▪ Encourage students to design architecture that fosters connected, open, collective dimensions. Learning Outcomes ▪ Able to observe, document, and interpret conditions of a site; ▪ Able to achieve contextual response through site strategies, landscape and building configurations; ▪ Able to create common spaces and public expressions to demonstrate place-making; ▪ Able to speculate on a larger scale strategy to design buildings with landscape. COURSE FORMAT & ACTIVITIES This year, our study area is in Kennedy Town, a vibrant district in the midst of urban renewal and gentrification, and our topic is collective living as an approach place-making. The term includes four main activities. Act 1: A mini architectural competition, Act 2: Public space and density study workshop, Act 3: Urban investigation and preliminary design, Act 4: Building articulation and Place-making. The fourth and longest part focuses on the design of a Place of Collective Living in dialogue with the existing urban fabric. The emphasis is on collective living as a potential to respond / transform the larger scale fabric in the city of Hong Kong. In parallel, a studio compendium (to be downloaded from course server) includes relevant theories and precedents of architecture.

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Share Yaraicho: Satoko Shinohara + Ayano Uchimura, 2012

adAPT NYC Competition: nArchitects, 2012

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Act I: Hong Kong > NOW Startup Housing: a mini architectural competition (2 Weeks) Introduction As Hong Kong faces the challenge of housing shortage, particularly for those young adults starting up, what are the ways in which design and planning of architecture could help ease or alleviate this problem? Could inventive adaptation of conditions and creative arrangement of the collective housing provide a part of the solution? The two week design competition calls for innovative ideas in the design of a micro start-up housing. Hong Kong > NOW invites participating teams to explore the boundaries and paradigms of collective housing and to (re)consider the relationship between a basic housing program, the needs of youths today and the high-density housing policy of Hong Kong. Program

1. To design dwelling unit(s) within the following criterion: a. 16 sqm of footprint area, for example: 3.0m (w) x 5.3m (l) or 4.0 (w) x 4.0 (l) or other

configuration. b. Maximum of 3.5m in clear height (floor to ceiling). c. Target residents: Hong Kong youth aged 18-34. d. Number of units depending on location and design rationale.

2. To propose program(s) and design space(s) for communal use a. Provide an additional 15% of added floor area for collective activity.

Site The idea competition does not specify any particular site. However, students shall design the project to be situated in a site representative of the condition(s) in Hong Kong. Criteria for Judging The design competition will be evaluated based on:

1. Innovative, functionality and quality design of unit(s) 2. Imaginative integration between communal space and dwelling units 3. (+) Impact of design on Hong Kong society and the context

Requirements and Representations The entry shall contain the following requirements with the noted presentation format

1. A1 x 2 sheets (portrait)- Concept design drawings, three plans (minimum), two sections (recommended), one perspective (minimum), in both printed and pdf version.

2. A4 x 1 sheet - ‘The Idea’ - a written response to the design brief and the design approach for the unit and communal space (maximum 250 words), in both printed and pdf version.

3. Taped drawing- 1:1 Unit Plan to be taped on the floors of the School of Architecture. 4. 1:200 architectural model in white cardboard (recommended).

Submission is due on September 19. Without exceptions, your competition drawings (hard copy and soft copy) will be collected by the course assistants at 10 am SHARP. Taped drawings shall be installed at the designated area prior to 12:00. Late submissions will be DISQUALIFIED from the competition.

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12 Studio, C+A Tokyo, 2009

Nerima Apt, Go Hasegawas, 2010

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Team Formation Each team shall composed of 3 to 4 students (without exception). Team members will be composed of students from within sections. Students should learn to work as a team and contribute equally to the design and production of the work. Anonymity Hong Kong > NOW will ensure the anonymity of each proposal during the competition. The proposals should be presented only with the registration number, which shall appear in the upper right corner of the competition board, so they are evaluated by the jury in complete anonymity. Prizes Certificates will be awarded to three outstanding proposals. Resources Case studies of collective housing compiled and analyzed by last year's U5 students has been placed on the course server. Students may download this information for reference. Students may search for other examples when deemed necessary. Jury Patrick HWANG Sebastian LAW Francesco ROSSINI TC YUET

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Excerpt from Why Density? , a+t Research Group, 2015

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Act 2: Public space and density study workshop (4 Days) This workshop will introduce the measure of density. Definition and implication of FAR (Floor Area Ratio) COV (Site Coverage) HEI (Height Index) and GFA (Gross Floor Area) will be explored in order to understand the parameters that shape the urban form of our cities. Requirements and Representations The grid below contains 5 different FAR and COV the students will combine this parameters to experiment distinctive urban forms within an ideal site of 3600m2 with dimensions of 60m x 60m each side. The exercise will be developed by a group of 4 to 5 students, each group need to produce a total of three (3) physical models: ▪ Two models derived from the parameters of the grid below and; ▪ One model using self-developed parameters (experimentation is encouraged)

Example Cell B3: Floor Area Ratio (FAR) = 2.6 and Site Coverage (COV) = 20% Site Area = 3600 m2 Gross Floor Area (GFA) = 9360 m2 (3600 x 2.6) Height Index = 13 (2.6/0.20)

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IJburg 23 Housing Complex, VMX (L); Hoge Heren Residential High-Rise, Wiel Arets (M); De Ekenhof Housing Complex, Claus en Kaan Architecten (R)

Inner City Arts, Michael Maltzan Architecture, 2010

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Act 3: Urban investigation and preliminary design: site response and strategy (3.5 Weeks) Students will study at once the larger scale of the town and the more local conditions related to the scale of their specific sites. Key aspects include interface and connection between building and city, and how interventions can positively respond or transform urban patterns and architectural typologies. Urban investigation In this activity, students will respond to their site to generate their own specific urban strategy which will aspire to improving streetscape and enhancing connectivity and public amenity spaces. Students will test massing (reflecting knowledge obtained from Act 2) and layout, develop programmatic mix and refer to precedents as appropriate, so as to fully formulate, confirm and consolidate their design ideas. Preliminary design Collective living design considerations 1. Urban response / intent / strategy ▪ formal /spatial configuration with context, block layout, urban porosity / connectivity, vistas ▪ public / communal domain vs private 2. Idea of ‘collective living’ interpreted through architectural design, programming and organization ▪ sequence, zoning, hierarchy, gradation of public domain - communal gathering – private / domestic ▪ transitions / thresholds from indoor location to in-between-space, and outdoor space Dwelling design considerations 1. building layout massing, formal configuration – slab, cluster, courtyard, tower, podium, etc. 2. unit grouping how units are grouped and composed as 3D modules and access 3. circulation + access walk ups, vertical street, split level entry, corridors single/double loaded, etc. 4. unit layout internal elements and layout – studio flat, open plan kitchens, live-work spaces Requirements and Representations ▪ Class site model completed ▪ Mapping exercise ▪ Design idea summary + Preliminary project statement (200 words) ▪ Site analysis + strategic response, Landscape design strategy (diagrams / drawings / collage) ▪ Site and building models 1:500 (parti, massing, process models) ▪ Key building plans and sections 1:250 ▪ Class Model 1:1000

▪ The whole class will be involved in the modelling of Kennedy Town our study areas, by using survey information and actual visits. Each section will make a quarter of the class models. Model is due on Thursday 03.10.2016 for interim review session.

▪ (please consult course assistant on detailed division of work for each group)

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U5 Project, SIU Man, 2014

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Act 4: Building design: articulation and place making (6 Weeks) To design a Place of Collective Living: Residential + communal programmes with an accompanying open space. The dwellings can be aimed for youth / starter families, and may include live / work units or could be thematized according to student's research. Students are recommended to follow the guidelines below for the mix of living units (+/- 10% tolerance is allowed). 1. Gross GFA: 5,000 m2 a) dwelling units (70%) - 30% Studio flat (20m2)

- 60% One to Two-bedroom flat (60m2) - 10% Three-bedroom flat (80m2)

b) circulation, balconies, terraces + amenity space (30%)

c) community programme 500m2 reception, security desk, kitchen, start-up office, study

hall, laundry room, exercise room, bicycle storage, storage, mail boxes etc.

Total Project GFA of 5,500m2+ 2. Open space design sports court, pool, park, garden, outdoor social

amenity, etc. (give public aspect for interaction, integration with surrounding)

Requirements and Representations ▪ Project Statement (300 words) ▪ Site analysis: drawings or diagrams ▪ Location plan 1:1000 ▪ Site plan with Landscape Strategy: 1:500 ▪ Building plans, sections, and elevations as appropriate, 1:100 or 1:200 minimum ▪ partial section and elevations as appropriate, 1:50 or 1:100 minimum ▪ Site model 1:500 ▪ Building model 1:200 (partial 1:100) ▪ Wall section model 1:50 ▪ 3D: Perspective, collage or axonometric (4 Maximum, 2 exterior, 2 interior) ▪ Project Data containing:

1. Site coverage (ground floor %) 2. Plot ratio 3. Actual breakdown of project gross floor area, with breakdown (m2) 4. No. of living units, ratio of different types, and typical sizes (m2)

▪ Submit project document and project statement for grading

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Vanke Cloud City, WOHA, 2014

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ASSESSMENT SCHEME 10% Design Workshop, Process documentation and Participation 20% Design Competition 70% Final project Evaluation criteria: Quality of site investigation, site strategy + contextual response, landscape design and architectural design. A student must pass all parts to pass the course. FINAL SUBMISSION General Each student is required to maintain a Process Document in the form of an A3 Folder, it will be graded after Act 4 Review together with the Project Statement. The folder will collate research materials and sources, design ideas and process sketches, precedents studies, notes, etc. to show development throughout the whole term. The folder will be made available during desk crits when requested by tutors, and presented at final review. Digital documentation (COMPULSORY) (due 12nd December 2016) Standard format (size + template page layout to be provided) Print out at full size, 200 dpi. Students ONLY get their grades until their submission is confirmed and checked by tutor. COORDINATION WITH REQUIRED COURSE This Studio coordinates with the required course ARCH4721 Land and City in relation to fundamental understandings of studying architecture as the shaping influence of the city’s forms and processes. ARCH4721 will introduce students related to theoretical texts and key terms for discussion, and the course contents has been integrated with the studio aim of enabling students to explore fundamental ways of reading/mapping the city through drawings. IMPORTANT NOTE TO STUDENTS Attendance Class attendance is required in all courses. For an excused absence, the instructor must be notified and presented with documentation of illness or personal matter. Please note: Three (3) or more unexcused absences may result in a failing grade for the course. Academic Honesty Attention is drawn to University policy and regulations on honesty in academic work, and to the disciplinary guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and regulations. Details may be found at: http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/. With each assignment, students may be required to submit a statement that they are aware of these policies, regulations, guidelines and procedures. Student Work Submission of studio documentation in correct and complete format is required of each student. Without submission of the documentation folder no grade will be submitted for the course. This may result in a failing grade for the course and may delay graduation.

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SCHEDULE (1 of 2)

Wk Date Event Notes 1 05.09 M First teaching day Introduction/ Issue Act 1

08.09 Th Studio TALK 1 (Design Competition) S.Law, TC. Yuet, F. Rossini, P. Hwang

2 12.09 M Studio 15.09 Th Studio

3 19.09 M Site Visit Act 1 Due Deadline at 10am

22.09 Th Studio Issue Act 2 Act 2 Workshop

4 26.09 M Studio Issue Act 3

TALK 2 (Placemaking) T. Chung, TC. Yuet Act 1 Results announcement Act 2 Due Pinup

29.09 Th Studio

TALK 3 (Placemaking) F. Rossini, P. Hwang

5 03.10 M Studio 1:1000 Class Site Model Due

06.10 Th Studio

6 10.10 M No studio Chung Yeung Festival

13.10 Th Studio

7 17.10 M Studio U5 LECTURE S. Lee, Housing in the City (tbc)

20.10 Th Mid Review Issue Act 4 Act 3 Due Pinup

8 24.10 M Studio

27.10 Th Studio

9 31.10 M Studio

03.11 Th Studio

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SCHEDULE (2 of 2)

Wk Date Event Notes

10 07.11 M Studio Act 4 Review (Building design)

10.11 Th Studio

Course evaluation week 11 14.11 M Studio 17.11 Th No studio University Congregation

12 21.11 M Studio

24.11 Th Studio 13 28.11 M Studio 01.12 Th Studio

02.12 F Final Review Act 4 Due

15 12.12 M Individual project documentation

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Housing Typologies after the "Modern"

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REFERENCES Housing typology case studies Available from course server

1. BIG 8, House, Copenhagen, Denmark 2. Sue Architekten, 40 Apartments housing, Aspern, Vienna, Austria 3. S333, Schots 1 & 2, The CiBoGa Terrain, Netherlands 4. Elemental, Quinta Monroy Housing, Chile 5. Lundgaard & Tranberg, Tietgen dormitory, Copenhagen, Denmark 6. Dosmasuno Arq., Carabanchel housing, Madrid, Spain 7. Fumihiko Maki, Hillside Terrace, Tokyo, Japan 8. Kazuhiro Kojima, Space Block, Hanoi, Vietnam 9. OMA, Nexus Housing, Fukuoka, Japan 10. O’Donnell + Tuomey, Timberyard Social Housing, Dublin, Ireland 11. Pich-Aguilera + Lola Domènech, Manresa + urban development, Barcelona, Spain 12. BIG, VM Housing, Copenhagen, Denmark 13. Nicholas Grimshaw, Via Verde, New York, USA 14. Josep Antoni Llinás, El Raval, Barcelona, Spain 15. MVRDV, WoZoCo Apartments, Amsterdam, Netherlands 16. Kazuyo Sejima, Kitagata Apartment Block, Gifu, Japan

Available from the library and internet Micro-apartment housing projects

17. Nerima Apt, Go Hasegawas 18. Share Yaraicho: Satoko Shinohara + Ayano Uchimura 19. Nakagin Capsule Tower, Kisho Kurokawa (Tokyo, Japan) 20. http://www.dezeen.com/2016/07/18/a-little-design-maximises-space-tiny-22-metre-square-taip

ei-city-taiwan-apartment/ 21. http://www.dezeen.com/2015/05/13/berlin-micro-apartment-spamroom-john-paul-coss-pale-

wooden-utility-unit-supports-mezzanine/ 22. http://www.dezeen.com/2014/02/25/space-saving-modular-studio-for-an-artist-raanan-stern/ 23. http://www.home-designing.com/2015/05/designing-for-super-small-spaces-5-micro-apartmen

ts 24. http://www.dezeen.com/2015/07/18/szymon-hanczar-13-square-metre-micro-apartment-wroc

law-poland/ Other exemplary housing projects

25. Vanke Cloud City, WOHA, 2014 26. IJburg 23 Housing Complex, VMX 27. Hoge Heren Residential High-Rise, Wiel Arets 28. De Ekenhof Housing Complex, Claus en Kaan Architecten 29. Cité de Refuge, Le Corbusier (Paris, France) 30. Hansaviertel Apartment House, Alvar Aalto (Berlin, Germany) 31. Guild House, Venturi Scott Brown (Philadelphia) 32. Saishunkan Seiyaku Womens' Dormitory, Kazuyo Sejima (Kumamoto, Japan) 33. Kanchanjunga, Charles Correa (Bombay, India) 34. Madrid Social Housing, Morphosis (Madrid, Spain) 35. Habitat ’67, Moshe Safdie (Montreal, Canada) 36. Unité d'Habitation, Le Corbusier (Marseille, France) 37. Yerba Buena Lofts, Stanley Saitowitz (San Francisco, CA) 38. Le Nemausus, Atelier Jean Nouvel (Nimes, FR) 39. Hansaviertal Tower, Van den Broek en Bakerma (Berlin, DE)

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40. Robin Hood Garden Apartments, Alison and Peter Smithson (London, England) 41. KNMS and Java Eiland, Diener and Diener, Architects (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 42. Silodom Complex, MVRDV (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 43. Borneo, MAP Architects with Josep Lluis Mateo (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 44. Hook at Holland, J.J.P. Oud 45. Bouca Housing Complex, Alvaro Siza (Porto, Portugal) 46. Funabashi Apartments, Ryue Nishizawa (Chiba, Japan) 47. Eda Housing, Chiba Manabu Architects (Yokohama (Kanagawa), Japan) 48. Lafayette Park Apartments Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (Detroit, MI) 49. Quinta da Malagueira Housing, Alvaro Siza 50. Housing on Lutzowplatz, O.M. Ungers 51. Crawford Manor, Paul Rudolph (New Haven, CT)

Readings On the City Available from course server Bacon, Edmund Design of cities NA9050.B22 1974 Koolhaas, Rem Delirious New York: a retroactive manifesto for Manhattan NA735.N5K66 1994 Le Corbusier Urbanisme, the city of to-morrow and its planning NA9030.J413 1947a Lynch, Kevin The Image of the city NA9108.L9 1964 c.2 Rossi, Aldo The architecture of the city NA9031.R6713 1982 Rowe, Colin Collage city NA9050.R68 Shane, David G. Recombinant urbanism NA9050 .S5 2005 廖桂賢 好城市, 怎樣都要住下來! HT166 .L52177 2009 Available from the library and internet Jacob, Jane The Death and Life of Great American Cities Lehnerer, Alex Grand Urban Rules. (Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 2009) On House & Housing: Individual and Collective Available from the library and internet Banham, Reyner "A Home is Not a House," Housing and Dwelling: Perspectives on Modern Domestic

Architecture. (Routledge, 2006) Colquhoun, Alan Typology and Design Method, Perspecta, Vol. 12, (1969) Colomina, Beatriz "Interior," Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture as Mass Media. (MIT Press, 1996.) Douglas, Mary "The Idea of a Home," Housing and Dwelling: Perspectives on Modern Domestic

Architecture. (Routledge, 2006). Eames, Charles "What is a House?" Arts and Architecture, July 1944 Foucault, Michel “Space, Knowledge and Power," The Foucault Reader (Pantheon Books, 1984) Fuller, Buckminster "Designing a New Industry," Architecture Culture 1943-1968. (New York: Rizzoli, 1993) Heidegger, Martin "What is Home?" Housing and Dwelling: Perspectives on Modern Domestic Architecture.

(Routledge, 2006) Lefebvre, Henri "Social Space," The Production of Space (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1991) Jarzombek, Mar Corridor Spaces, Critical Theory, vol. 36, no. 4, (Summer 2010) Moneo, Rafael On Typology, in Oppositions, n.13, 1978 Rowe, Peter G. "Time, Space, and Technology," Design Thinking. (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1987) Siza, Alvaro Living a House. Alvaro Siza: Private Houses: 1954-2004. (Skira editore: 2004)

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