Building Blocks of Building Blocks of Effective TeamworkEffective Teamwork

Building BlocksBuilding Blocks

PurposePurpose Explore the stages of group Explore the stages of group

developmentdevelopment Define the concept of teamDefine the concept of team Identify elements of effective Identify elements of effective

teamworkteamwork

Tuckman’s Model of Group Tuckman’s Model of Group DevelopmentDevelopment

5 Stages5 Stages1.1. FormingForming2.2. StormingStorming3.3. NormingNorming4.4. PerformingPerforming5.5. AdjourningAdjourning

Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384-399.63, 384-399.

Forming StageForming Stage Characterized by dependency on the Characterized by dependency on the

group leader, lack of group identity, group leader, lack of group identity, uncertainty about the group’s uncertainty about the group’s purpose, and lack of trust. purpose, and lack of trust.

Storming StageStorming Stage Characterized by conflict and Characterized by conflict and

confrontation, resistance, testing, confrontation, resistance, testing, and role ambiguity.and role ambiguity.

Norming StageNorming Stage Characterized by cohesiveness and Characterized by cohesiveness and

group identity. Standards and group identity. Standards and attitudes that guide behavior are attitudes that guide behavior are established. Members avoid conflict established. Members avoid conflict and seek harmony.and seek harmony.

Performing StagePerforming Stage Characterized by interdependence, Characterized by interdependence,

cooperation, and open cooperation, and open communication among group communication among group members. Group effectively balances members. Group effectively balances work and relational matters (both work and relational matters (both task and people-oriented) and task and people-oriented) and accomplishes goals of the group. accomplishes goals of the group.

Adjourning StageAdjourning Stage Characterized by termination of the Characterized by termination of the

group. group.

Stages of Group DevelopmentStages of Group Development

forming

performing storming

norming

adjourning

TeamTeam ““A small number of people with A small number of people with

complementary skills who are complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”accountable.”

John Katzenbach & Doug Smith, The Wisdom of Teams, 1993, Harvard John Katzenbach & Doug Smith, The Wisdom of Teams, 1993, Harvard Business School Press, p. 45.Business School Press, p. 45.

Characteristics of TeamsCharacteristics of Teams

Leadership Becomes a Shared ActivityLeadership Becomes a Shared Activity Collective AccountabilityCollective Accountability Purpose/Mission/GoalPurpose/Mission/Goal Problem SolvingProblem Solving Measure of EffectivenessMeasure of Effectiveness

Building BlocksBuilding Blocks

Group RolesGroup Roles

Relational RolesRelational Roles EncouragerEncourager HarmonizerHarmonizer CompromiserCompromiser FollowerFollower

Task RolesTask Roles InitiatorInitiator Opinion giverOpinion giver ElaboratorElaborator RecorderRecorder

TeamworkTeamwork How can leaders develop effective How can leaders develop effective

teams (progress from a group, teams (progress from a group, committee, etc. to a team)? committee, etc. to a team)?

Essence of TeamworkEssence of Teamwork Teamwork is essential. It allows you Teamwork is essential. It allows you

to blame someone else. to blame someone else. ~Proverb~Proverb