building and energy in the sustainable city
TRANSCRIPT
ENERGY and BUILDINGS
• 50 % of the
world’s fossil fuelconsumption is directlyrelated to the servicingand use of buildings.
• Energy is used to makebuilding materials, totransport them to thesite, and in theirerection as part of thebuilding. The servicing
• Designers, developers and users of buildings –
through the careful choice of
evironmentally friendly materials, the use of an ecological design
approach, and sensible care and
use of the building –could educe considerably
the quantities of pollutants entering the
environment (Birkeland, 2002).
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ENERGY and BUILDINGS
• energy-sensitive building designs must begin from
an understanding of the building’s
‘carbon footprint’.
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ENERGY and BUILDINGS
Carbon footprint definiton
• the overall amount of carbon dioxide (CO2)
and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
(e.g. methane, laughing gas, etc.) associated with
a product , along its supply-chain and
sometimes including from use and end-of-life
recovery and disposal.(European
Commission – Joint Research Centre Institute for
Environment and Sustainability)
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Components of the Carbon footprint in Building
1. The environmental capital intrinsic
in the construction
(the energy and resources expended in the manufacture and
transportation of the materials, the energy required to prepare
and service the site, and then construct the building)
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2. The energy footprint extends
to include the energy used to
sustain and maintain the
development and its daily service
requirements once it is occupied.
• This energy which Vale and Vale (1991) call ‘revenue energy’, may be
as much as three times the energy used in construction, the ‘capital
energy’. Photo credit:thenbs
Components of the Carbon
footprint in Building
3. The energy that the occupants expend in moving between the building and the rest of the city, together with the energy required to feed the occupants.
4. The energy required to demolish the development and clean the site once it has reached the end of its useful life. Photo credit:libncsu
Components of the Carbon
footprint in Building
• In choosing a building material the first consideration is the amount of energy used in its manufacture.
• ‘As a rough guide, however, the energy intensiveness of a building material will act as a guide to its greenness’ (Vale and Vale, 1991).
The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING MATERIALS
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• Building materials can be classified into three broad groups according to energy content: low, medium and high
The construction’s ‘energy footprint
: BUILDING MATERIALS
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• The energy content of materials shown in Table measured in kilowatt-hours per kilogram
Energy content of materials (Vale and Vale, 1991)
The construction’s ‘energy
footprint : BUILDING
MATERIALS
• The weights of each building material must be known if the designer is to estimate the total energy content of the completed construction
Energy content of materials (Vale and Vale, 1991)
The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING MATERIALS
• Table shows the estimated energy content of three building types, which appears to signify that small-scale traditional domestic type buildings are by far the least energy-intensive structure.
• This might imply that the more traditional scale of built form is more appropriate for the sustainable city.
The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING MATERIALS
• The energy content of a building material is connected with the nature of the process of refinement.
Photo credit:molemy
The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING MATERIALS
• For example, the energy content of earth, mud or clay is zero, while in its burnt form as bricks the figure is 0.4kWh/kg
• In general, the low-energy materials tend to be the least polluting as less energy has been used in their manufacture.
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The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING MATERIALS
• To achieve the sustainable structures, low-energy materialsshould be used in preference to those of high energy content.
The construction’s ‘energy footprint
: BUILDING MATERIALS
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Organizations for Green Architecture Certification
• The World Green Building Council is a network of national green building councils in more than ninety countries, making it the world’s largest international organisation influencing the green building marketplace.
• 97 members
• Another consideration in the selection of green building materials is the energy expended intheir transportation to the place of manufacture and from there to the building site by using local building material.
Photo credit:wolvesden
The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING
MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION
• Buildings should be located on public transport routes and with close connections to other parts of the urban structure to reduce car-dependency community.
The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING and TRANSPORTATION
Photo credit:Sendai City Transportation Bureau
Photo credit:marketingpilgrim
