building a platform from open source at yahoo
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Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo!
Dustin Whittle – Yahoo! Developer Network
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Overview
• Why symfony? • symfony vs ysymfony • What does scaling really mean? • Social Search: Delicious and Answers • Yahoo! Open Strategy
– What is the Yahoo! Open Stack? – Application Platform + Developer Tool
• Developer Tools – YUI, Design Patterns, Tutorials
• Data (YQL) & Social APIs – YQL, Geo, Profiles, Connections, Updates, … – YOS SDK for PHP
• Building an open application with symfony and YOS – OAuth / YQL / OpenSocial
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Who am I?
• Working with symfony since open source • symfony Core Team Member • Responsible for the development and support of
symfony at Yahoo! – Worked with Y! Answers, Delicious, Y! Widgets, Y!
Bookmarks, Yahoo! Application Platform • Consultant
– Commercial symfony support + training (USA)
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
DEVELOPER.YAHOO.COM EXAMPLES | TUTORIALS | CODE SAMPLES
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YAHOO! IS POWERED BY OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES
FREEBSD | LINUX | APACHE | PHP | MYSQL | BUGZILLA | HADOOP | SYMFONY
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YAHOO! EMBRACES OPEN STANDARDS W3C | MICROFORMATS | OAUTH | OPENID | OPENSOCIAL
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YAHOO! HIRES OPEN SOURCE DEVELOPERS RASMUS LERDORF | DOUG CROCKFORD | DOUG CUTTING | CHRISTIAN HEILMANN
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YAHOO! GIVES BACK TO OPEN SOURCE YUI | BROWSER PLUS | DESIGN PATTERNS | R3 | YSLOW + PERFORMANCE RULES
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YAHOO! SHARES ITS DATA THROUGH OPEN APIS AND WEB SERVICES
YQL | PIPES | BOSS | CONTACTS | UPDATES | MAIL | DELICIOUS | FLICKR | UPCOMING | HOTJOBS | MAPS | FIREEAGLE | GEOLOCATION | LOCAL | TRAFFIC | WEATHER | MUSIC |
ANSWERS | SHOPPING | FINANCE | TRAVEL
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YAHOO! ENGAGES COMMUNITIES WITH OPEN HACK EVENTS AROUND THE WORLD
Conferences | Hack Days | HackU | Tech Talks | YDN Theater
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Users
Load Balancers
Frontend
PHP APC, PEAR, PECL, Custom Extensions
FreeBSD 4.x/6.x, Linux 2.6.x
ysymfony / YUI Apache Custom Modules
Backend
MySQL/Oracle Web Services Ad API User API
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Y! needs from a frontend platfrom
• Fit existing environment (RHEL/PHP5/Apache) • Development Cycle – How easy to develop, test, and
deploy? • Clean separation between data, logic, and display (MVC) • Independent model layer to fit service oriented
architecture • Extensible and pluggable • Internationalization and localization support • Detailed documentation and active community of support • Open source and ability to contribute back
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Why a frontend presentation platform?
• Rasmus says “frameworks are not well suited for Y!” – Build applications to requirements
• Do exactly what you need: no more, no less • Understand that frameworks add a lot of overhead • Choosing functional components is a better fit
• Despite choosing open source or building your own – Everyone uses a framework – If you use open source, use only the pieces you need
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Why a framework at all?
• Another software layer (ysymfony, yphp, yapache) • Factors out common patterns
– Code Layout – Configuration – URL Routing – Authentication / Security – Form Validation / Repopulation – Internationalization / Localization
• Encourages good design • Abstraction > Consistency > Maintainability
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
The choice to adopt symfony?
• Philosophy – Full-stack framework for building complex web applications – Adopt best ideas from anywhere, using existing code if
available (Mojavi, Prado, Rails, Django) • Design
– Clean separation between Model, View, and Controller – Controller using modules and actions – Views using templates in straight PHP with helpers – Easy to reuse view modules to compose a page
• Layouts, Components, Partials, Slots
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
The choice to use symfony
• Configurability / Flexibility • Features we do not want are easily disabled • Use of factories for easy customization • Documentation / Support Community • The Definitive Guide to symfony (free online) • Excellent tutorials and example applications
– Askeet & Jobeet
• Active community with wiki, mailing lists, forums, irc channel
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Why ysymfony for Yahoo! teams?
• Eliminate common patterns by adding a layer on PHP – Code layout/structure (MVC) – Configuration – Internationalization
• ysymfony is just a toolkit – Learn one set of tools
• Shift between multiple projects • Consistency
– Long term maintainability through platform
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
How Yahoo! uses symfony
• Full Stack – Yahoo! Bookmarks – Yahoo! Answers – Delicious – Yahoo! Widgets – Yahoo! Application Platform Developer Tool – Corporate Reporting Tools
• Components – Forms – Caching – Routing
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
symfony MVC framework
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
A look at Yahoo! Answers
• http://answers.yahoo.com • Yahoo! Answers is the largest collection of human
knowledge on the Web with more than 135 million users and 515 million answers worldwide (Yahoo! Internal Data, March 2008).
• Yahoo! Answers is the 2nd ranked education & reference site on the web (comScore)
• Available in 26 markets and 12 languages
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Yahoo! Answers at the beginning
• Started as a small development team on PHP4 from a fork of Yahoo! Taiwan Knowledge+
• Launched December 2005 by December 2006 there were 60 million users and 65 million answers
• The code base eventually became difficult to maintain and iterate new features
• Large distributed development teams (US / UK)
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
The big picture
• A complete platform for building web applications from frameworks – PHP Framework – JavaScript Framework – CSS Framework – UI Design Patterns + Best Practices – Development Tools (logger, profiler, debugger, docs) – Unit + Functional Testing Frameworks (LIME / YUI Test) – Deployment Tools (rsync deployment system)
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
What does Yahoo! change?
• Minor changes to fit our environment (bsd/php/apache) – Most of our changes are easily implemented via factories
• Added dimensions to configurations (ysfDimensionsPlugin)
• Integrate R3 translation/template management (ysfR3Plugin) – R3 - http://developer.yahoo.com/r3/
• Dropped the ORM and pushed down the stack (SOA) – Added a parallel API Dispatcher (ysfAPIClientPlugin)
• Created a build and deployment solution (ysfBuildPlugin) • Integrate support for Y! User Interface libraries
(ysfYUIPlugin)
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Propel or Doctrine or ???
• No ORM for large projects • Propel or Doctrine for large projects
– Doctrine for internal projects (best supported) • Service Oriented Architecture
– Platforms as services (reusable to all) – No heavy lifting, push down the stack – Thin Controller/Fat Model (where model == services)
• Java/C++/Erlang + JSON/XML
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Localizing the experience with dimensions
• Cascading Configuration based on YAML – Framework -> Project -> Application -> Module
• Extending the cascade to be based on dimensions – Dimensions can be anything (and can be chained together)
• Data Center + Environment for customizing configurations • Culture for localizing user interface + data • Theme for customizing look and feel • User info (is user on corporate intranet?)
• Caching
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
symfony I18n + L10n
• Translation + Template Management – Integrated with symfony i18n + view layers
• <r3:trans>hello</r3:trans> vs __(‘hello’) • Dictionary Management (YALA)
– SQLite/XLIFF Backend • Added tasks
– Importing/Exporting XLIFF dictionary – Generating translations for projects – Find missing strings
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
A build and deployment system
• Aggregate and minify stylesheets and javascripts • Rewrite templates, css, js for CDN (Akamai, S3, …) • Generate translations for configurations + templates • Generate configuration cache • Aggregate core classes + remove debug statements • Run lint, unit, functional tests • Package applications as .tgz • Deployment via rsync
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
What does it mean to scale?
• A system whose performance improves after adding hardware, proportionally to the capacity added, is said to be a scalable system.
• High Availability + Scalability + Performance • Bigger dataset, more traffic, maintainable • Not about performance
– PHP is slow, but it is not your bottleneck • Languages do not scale, architectures do. • Planning to grow and planning to fail
– Capacity Planning – Business Continuity Planning
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Scaling – Planning
• Planning hardware purchases and hosting options to have as much as you need without breaking your wallet
• Partitioning and distributing databases to support large datasets and simultaneous transactions
• Monitoring your applications to find and clear bottlenecks
• Providing services APIs and using services from other providers to increase your site's reach and capabilities
• Think Minimal, Plan to grow, Plan to fail.
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Scaling – The basics in PHP
• PHP is rarely the bottleneck • “Most performance comes not from the language, but from
application design” - Rasmus • Share Nothing Architecture
– Independent, self-sufficient, no single point of contention – No local storage = No PHP Sessions
• Use a database (works for distributed) • Use a small signed cookie (ideal)
– Important data in database – Individual expiration on session objects – Small data items
– Use a distributed cache • Memcache
• Forget about small efficiencies -- Premature optimization is the root of all evil.
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Scaling Databases – The basics
• Master/Slave Replication – First steps – Helps with reads, writes are still bottleneck
• Partitioning – Segmenting data
• Sharding (horizontal partitioning) – Segmenting data onto different physical machines – Make problems smaller, easier to grow
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Improving latency with Caching
• Always use PHP opcode cache (APC, Xcache, etc) – Use for routing and i18n cache
• Memcache (distributed cache) – Use for view cache
• Distributed invalidation can be a pain • sfViewCacheManager makes this easy! • Be intelligent about cache_keys (uri, user, state)
• There is a fine line to caching – At what point do you spend more time managing the cache,
than reading from it?
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Tweaking Performance
• Don’t use features you do not need – settings.yml / factories.yml
• Use core_compile (aggregate classes) • Remove debug statements (sfOptimizerPlugin) • Do not use .htaccess (move to real apache config) • Set a minimal include path • Increase realpath_cache_size + realpath_cache_ttl • Use apc.stat=0 • Use @routeName • Do not use components in loop
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Do it yourself for cheap
• Open source software = Free – Apache – PHP – MySQL – Memcache / Perlbal / MogileFS / Squid / Gearman – symfony / Doctrine / Propel / Swift – Nagios
• Amazon Shared Infrastructure = Cheap – EC2 Cloud Computing – S3 Distributed Storage – SimpleDB
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Yahoo! Open Strategy
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
OPEN PLATFORMS + COLLABORATION OPENID | XRDS | OAUTH | PORTABLE CONTACTS | OPEN SOCIAL
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
The Open Web
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Y! OS – The Open Stack
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
What does Yahoo! offer developers?
• Yahoo! Developer Network • Developer Tools (YUI, etc)
• Social APIs • Profiles • ConnecWons • Updates
• Data APIs • OAuth
• Yahoo! Query Language • Yahoo! ApplicaWon PlaYorm
• OpenSocial
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
developer.yahoo.com
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
What is Yahoo! Developer Network?
The Yahoo! Developer Network offers open source tools and open data APIs to make it easy for developers to build
applications and mashups.
• 50+ APIs / Web Services – Developer Dashboard – Tutorials + Code Samples – API Documentation
• Yahoo! User Interface libraries + ASTRA • Design Patterns Library • PHP / Python / Ruby Dev Centers • Evangelism: Conferences / Theater / Blogs / Events
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
• JavaScript Framework – Utilities - YAHOO, Dom, Event, Animation, Browser History
Manager, Connection Manager, Cookie, DataSource, Drag and Drop, Element, Get, ImageLoader, JSON, Resize, Selector, Loader
– Controls / Widgets - AutoComplete, Button, Calendar, Charts, Color Picker, DataTable, ImageCropper, Rich Text Editor, Slider, Uploader
– Container (Module, Overlay, Panel, Tooltip, Dialog), Layout Manager, Menu, TabView, TreeView
– Debug – Logger, Profiler, Test
Y! Developer Network – YUI Javascript
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
• CSS Foundation – Reset - Neutralizes browser CSS styles – Base - Applies consistent style foundation – Fonts - Foundation for typography and font-sizing – Grids - Thousands of wireframe layouts
• User Interface Design Patterns Library – Proven solutions to common interfaces – http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/
– Grade Browser Support / Progressive Enhancement
Y! Developer Network – YUI CSS
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
• More than 275 functional examples – http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/examples/
• YSlow + Performance Rules – http://developer.yahoo.com/performance
• YUI Blog – http://yuiblog.com/
• Mailing List @ Yahoo! Groups – http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ydn-javascript/
Y! Developer Network – Documentation
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
A Query Language for the Web
SELECT * FROM INTERNET
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
• Thousands of Web Services that provide valuable data • Require developers to read documentation and form
URLs/queries. • Data is isolated • Needs combining, tweaking, shaping even after it gets
to the developer.
Before YQL
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
• SQL-Like Language – Synonymous with Data access – Familiar to developers – Expressive enough to get the right data
• Self Describing - show, desc table • Allows you to query, filter and join data across Web
Services.
Y! Open Stack – YQL
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YQL – Open Tables
• Twitter • Weather • Wesabe • Whitepages • Zillow • ….
• Delicious • Dopplr • Friendfeed • Github • New York Times • Shopping
Available on github ‐ h[p://github.com/spullara/yql‐tables/
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YQL – Open Tables
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YQL – Open Tables
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YQL – Open Tables
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
• select * from social.connections • select * from delicious.feeds.popular • select * from flickr.photos.interestingness • select * from friendfeed.status • select * from github.checkins
YQL - Examples
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YQL – Javascript Execute
• Allows executing of javascript on the server side to mashup (join, filter, etc)
• Makes combining many web services very simple • Support for Oauth
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
OAuth Endpoint • http://query.yahooapis.com/v1/yql?q=...
Public Endpoint • http://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql?q=
YQL Console • http://developer.yahoo.com/yql/console
YQL – API End Points
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Y! Open Stack – Application Platform
• Allows developers to deploy their own web based applications on Yahoo!
• Multiple Views: Small and Canvas • Social Context: the new Yahoo! Social Directory • OpenSocial 0.8 Javascript APIs
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Y! Open Stack – Open Applications
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Y! Open Stack – SDKs
PHP SDK Available Open and OAuth Applica$ons
Ac$onScript 3 SDK Available Open Applica$ons
Objec$veC SDK Available Open and OAuth Applica$ons
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YOSSDK – Methods
3‐Legged OAuth
getSessionedUser (session) getOwner (session) getUser (session) query (session) getPresence (user) setPresence (user) listUpdates (user) listConnecWonUpdates (user) insertUpdate (user) deleteUpdate (user) loadProfile (user) getConnecWons (user) getContacts (user) setSmallView (user)
2‐Legged OAuth
setSmallView (applicaWon) query (applicaWon)
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YOSSDK – 2-Legged OAuth
Used For:
‐ Public user data and open APIs
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
YOSSDK – 3-Legged OAuth
Used For:
‐ Private data access
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Experience: Basic Web Dev Knowledge – PHP/HTML/CSS/Javascript
What we are building: Common ground – Find out what you have in common with your social graph: music, movies, books, hobbies.
What we will use: YOSSDK, YQL, YAP
Building an Open App : CommonGround
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
h*p://developer.yahoo.com/dashboard
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
CommonGround available on GitHub
http://github.com/dwhittle/commonground
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
QUESTIONS? (I will be around for the whole event, so please do say hello and ask questions)
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
WANT TO JOIN YAHOO? WE ARE HIRING AND HAVE INTERNSHIPS!
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
DEVELOPER.YAHOO.COM EXAMPLES | TUTORIALS | CODE SAMPLES
ENJOY THE REST OF SYMFONYLIVE 2009
Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le
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Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le