Building aEUROPEAN DATABASE SOTER 1:5M

from theEUROPEAN DATABASE EUSIS 1:1M

An example of generalizationof a soil geographical database

(1) INRA Soil Science, Orléans, FRANCE(2) FAO GLS, Roma, ITALY(3) ISRIC, Wageningen, THE NETHERLANDS(4) BGR, Berlin, GERMANY(5) JRC, European Soil Bureau, Ispra, ITALY

KING Dominique(1), SABY Nicolas(1), LE BAS Christine(1), NACHTERGAELE Freddy(2), VAN ENGELEN Vincent(3),

EIMBERCK Micheline(1), JAMAGNE Marcel(1), LAMBERT Jean Jacques(1), BRIDGES Mike(3), HARTWICH Reinhard(4),

MONTANARELLA Luca(5), CHARLE Fany(1), DAROUSSIN Joël (1)

Local Soil Information System

CONTEXT: EUSIS = nested databases

European Soil Information System EUSIS 1:1M

World Soil and Terrain Database SOTER 1:5M

Catchment Information System

Georeferenced Soil Database of Europe

European Soil Information System EUSIS 1:1M

World Soil and Terrain Database SOTER 1:5M

OBJECTIVE: transfer information...

• Attribute data (semantic) EUSIS SOTER

• Spatial data (geometry)

1:1M 1:5M

European Soil Information System EUSIS 1:1M

World Soil and Terrain Database SOTER 1:5M

OBJECTIVE: transfer information...

with aims to…• prevent from loss of information• preserve compatibility in up-scaling (location, pattern, topology)

• have an explicit algorithm

DATA STRUCTURES:

EUSIS 1:1M

SOTER 1:5M

Soil Component (SC)Soil Typological Unit (STU)

Terrain Unit (TU)

Terrain Component (TC)Soil Mapping Unit (SMU)

area data

Soil ProfileSoil Profile

point data

DEM

DATA USED:For building:- EUSIS database

(ESB, 2001)

- DEM 1x1 km(Defence Mapping Agency, 1992)

For validating:- SOVEUR project

(Batjes and Van Engelen, 1997)

- Soil Regions(Finke and Hartwich, 1998)

METHOD

Semantic: derive SOTER criteria from EUSIS and DEM attributes

Geometry: delineate SOTER units from EUSIS boundaries

Building SOTER criteria « Major Land Forms »DEM 1km Elevation

Slope(calibrated in someareas using higherresolution DEMs)

Relief(STD of elevationwithin 5km radius)

Mean/EUSIS polygon Reclass to SOTER classes

Mean/EUSIS polygon

Mean/EUSIS polygon

Reclass to SOTER classes

Reclass to SOTER classes

Slope calculationDEM 1x1km • Mean slope per EUSIS polygon• SOTER classes

DEM 1km Elevation

Slope(calibrated in someareas using higherresolution DEMs)

Relief(STD of elevationwithin 5km radius)

Mean/EUSIS polygon Reclass to SOTER classes

Mean/EUSIS polygon

Mean/EUSIS polygon

Reclass to SOTER classes

Reclass to SOTER classes

SOTER Major Land Forms(MLF)

Combine(overlay)

Building SOTER criteria « Major Land Forms »

DEM 1km Elevation

Slope(calibrated in someareas using higherresolution DEMs)

Relief(STD of elevationwithin 5km radius)

Mean/EUSIS polygon Reclass to SOTER classes

Mean/EUSIS polygon

Mean/EUSIS polygon

Reclass to SOTER classes

Reclass to SOTER classes

SOTER Major Land Forms(MLF)

Combine(overlay)

EUSIS Soil name(Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol)

Linearshape

Valleys Replace+

Building SOTER criteria « Major Land Forms »

Taxotransfer rule

Building SOTER criteria « lithology »

EUSIS lithology SOTER lithology

Examples:Secondary chalk SO1 (limestone, carbonate rocks) Marl SO2 (marl and other mixtures)Claystone SC3 (siltstone, mustone, claystone)… … … …

EUSIS Parent material Taxotransfer rule SOTER LithologyDominant

SOTER Lithology/EUSIS polygon

SOTER Major Land Forms(MLF)

DominantSOTER Lithology/EUSIS polygon

Agregate(dissolve)

Rule driven polygon merge+ line simplification

Combine(overlay)

Building Terrain Units (TU)

SOTER Terrain Units (TU) at 1:1M(MLF, Lithology)

SOTER TU at 1:5M(MLF, Lithology)

1,1 n,1

Structure of resulting TU database

Building « Terrain Components » (TC)

EUSIS

SOTER TU at 1:5M(MLF, Lithology)

Soil name(FAO level 2)

Dominantsoil name/EUSIS polygon

Combine

Rule driven polygon merge(25 mm2 SOTER criteria

Within TUs)SOTER « TC » at 1:5M

Soil associations or« Terrain Components » (« TC »)

(MLF, Lithology, Soil name)

1,1 n,1

Structure of resulting TU and TC database

n,1

EUSIS

Select 10 most dominant soil namesRule driven distribution of remainers

SOTER « Soil Components » (« SC »)

SOTER « TC » at 1:5M

Building « Soil Components »

Soil Mapping Units (SMU)

Integration

List ofSoil names (FAO level 2)/« TC »

1,1 n,1

Structure of resulting SOTER database

n,1

n,n 1,n

Building the profile dataset: the missing part

EUSIS Profiles Select

SOTER « Soil Components » (« SC »)

Attach Profile dataset

RESULTS

EUSIS1:1M

SOTER1:1M

Mapping units

Polygons

1600

27500

200

20500

Mapping units 95% of Europe

420 80

semantic

SOTER1:5M

155

8200

75

geometric

SOTER 1:5MMajor Lanforms

SOTER 1:5MLithology

Analyse sensitivity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Threshold in km²

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Reduction in the number of objects

Database stability

Threshold in mm² at 1/5 000 000

8 160 24 32 40 48 56

25 mm² at 1:5 M

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Threshold in km²

Pe

rcen

tag

e

with rules

without rules

Polygon merge

Stability to original database

25 mm² at 1:5 M

Influence of polygon merge with rules

46 % improvement using rules

Same semantic(dissolve)

20 %

Similar semantic(merged by rule)

46 %

Different semantic(merged on longest arc)

34 %

??

?

200 km² threshold

Soil name (FAO level 2)

Example

AFTER, WITHOUT RULES

AFTER, WITH RULES

BEFORE

Merging polygons (1)

Which neighbour to merge in?

?

?

?

Merging polygons (2)

Without rulesWithout rules

Merging polygons (3)

Take the polygons semantic into accountEvaluate a degree of similarity between

semantics (semantic distance)

?

?

?

Semantic distanceto be defined by expert rules

identical different

+ 0

Merging polygons (4)

With rulesWith rules

Without rulesWithout rules

Merging polygons (5)

1

2

2

Semantic distancebetween neighbouring polygons

Building a contingencytable from the semanticsof polygons

Merging polygons (6)

a

c

b d

1

2

2

2

2

1 -

-

-

-

c

a

da

d

b

c

b c

a

da

d

b

c

b