building a biosphere reserve in north karelia, finland dr. timo j. hokkanen centre of economic...
TRANSCRIPT
Building a Biosphere Reserve
in North Karelia, Finland
Dr. Timo J. Hokkanen
Centre of Economic Development, Transport and
the Environment for North Karelia/
North Karelia Biosphere Reserve
Scotland 20.5.2010
Contents North Karelia and North Karelia BR Research and development projects
Steering committee and BR strategy Future projects – extensive approach Role of the BR
Questions asked
How you engage with public agencies? How you engage with communities? How you manage the landscapes? How regional strategy has been
developed? Where the biosphere reserve fits in? The long term view?
North Karelia and NK BR
Living in the North
Karelia,Eastern Finland
Ice ages
North Karelia-province
Total area 2 158 400 ha
Forests 1 045 000 ha 48 %
Total area 2 158 400 ha
Forested Mires 406 000 ha19%
Forest
Forest, mires and lakesTotal area 2 158 400 ha
Natural Mires 406 000 ha
6 %
Forest
For.Mire
6 %
Total area 2 158 400 ha
Inland waters 382 000 ha
For.Mire
Forest18 %
Nat.mire
Total area 2 158 400 haOther 198 400 ha
Forest
Forestedmire
Nat.mire
Inland waters
9 %
North Karelia
Joensuu
RUSSIA
North Karelia
Forestry, metal industry, hi-tech Forest research
University of Eastern Finland (13 000) European Forest Institute Finnish Forest Research Institute
Bioenergy: 65 % of energy consumption
North KareliaBR
Joensuu
Lieksa
Ilomantsi
NK biosphere reserve
Established 1992, extended 2009 Total area: 790 745 ha Population: 21 000 Core areas: 24 953 ha Buffer zone: 22 779 ha Main activities
forestry, tourism, services
KALEVALA – the national epic of Finland
Slash and burn agriculture
Taiga forest
Patvinsuo National Park
Photo: www.vastavalo.fi
Forest, mires and lakes
Photo: Markku Tano
Koli National Park
Sonkaja Village
””Biosphere ReservesBiosphere Reserves – – Connecting Connecting
peoplepeople””
Numerous background projects Forestry, planning and protection Forest grazing of cattle New rural livelihoods Nature and culture tourism Restoration and building of cultural milieus Restoration of springs Large carnivores Ticks Giant hogweed
1. Forest studies
Extensive entities High-quality research Forests important: economy,
biodiversity, recreation Joensuu is a forestry centre in boreal
zone Co-operation with Russia
UAV at Mekrijärvi Research Station
Hand launch Flies on its ownImages in 20 minutes
(Lopatin, Kolström, Hokkanen 2009, manuscript) webserver: mekri.joensuu.fi/gap_karelia
Continuity of old growth forests in the border area between Finland and Russia
Natural connectivity at the border
The width of the forest corridors at the border between Russia and Finland (border bertween Louhskiy and Suojarvkiy rayons)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
6964694,749 7114643,272 7254471,838 7372197,786
Louskiy rayon Suojarvskiy rayon
Fo
rest
co
rrid
or
wid
th,
m
• In Russia: large untouched ecosystems should be protected
• In Finland: need to create corridors connecting Russian and Finnish forests
Joint plan?
Development? Protection? Costs? Time?
Local targets Studies in local history Using traditional methods Employing local people Co-operation with a school and local
activists Developing tourism
2. Restoring cultural mileus and 2. Restoring cultural mileus and traditional landscapestraditional landscapes
1939
1923
Aaron Piha 1997
Aaron piha 2003
Sonkaja chapel
3. Ticks and Giant hogweed
Border area Research and environmental
awareness Health Value of land Extensive co-operation
Ixodes persulcatus
Ixodes-species & tickborne encephalitis Distribution
Climate change Environmental
change
A bit escaped
Burns…
Photos: Michigan Dept Agriculture
Biosphere
reserve
Creating BR strategy
Background projects Leading = creating significancies
BR needs to create and point out significancies which promote sustainable development
Building a school
What is a school needed for? Background > planning > building > teaching >
producing learning and wisdom
Building a school
Building a Biosphere Reserve What is a BR needed for? Background > planning > ”building” > working >
producing …
Involvement in BR projects
Project
Local Regional National Inter-national
Forestry Administration Researchers, Administration
Researchers, Administration
Researchers, Administration
Cultural
milieus
Workers,
Teachers
Administration
Researchers, Administration
Ticks Local people,
Researchers, Administration
Researchers, Administration
Researchers,
Businesses
Researchers
Giant
hogweed
Local people,
Administration, Businesses
Researchers, Administration
Researchers, Administration
Researchers
Level
Involvement spheres
International UNESCO International actors (e.g., EU), businesses
National National MaB committee National structures, businesses, administration
Regional BR committee; administration institutions; businesses
Local All local structures and involved people
Number of involved people
Ingredients of a biosphere reserve: From knowledge to change
Information/”knowledge” Research
Information + context => Awareness Info dissemination
Awareness + resources + commitment => activity Work
Activity + continuity => change Monitoring
Role of BR in projects
Project
Local Regional National Inter-national
Forestry Communicator Initiator,
Actor
Communicator,
Connector
Initiator,
Communicator
Connector
Cultural
milieus
Initiator,
Facilitator,
Connector,
Communicator
Actor
Initiator, communicator, connector
Ticks Initiator,
Facilitator,
Communicator,
Actor
Initiator, communicator, connector
Researchers, Connector, Communicator,
Actor
Giant
hogweed
Initiator,
Facilitator,
Communicator,
Actor
Initiator,
onnector, Communicator,
Actor
Connector, Communicator
Connector, Communicator,
Actor
Level
Delineation 1992 350 000 ha 14 500 ha core
areas 1900 inhabitants
Delineation 2008 791 000 ha 25 000 ha core areas 22 000 ha buffer zones 21 000 inhabitants
Tuupovaara
Ilomantsi
Lieksa
Part of Joensuu City included
BR Extension 2008
North Karelia BR Steering Committee (2008-2011)
Prof. Paavo Pelkonen (chair) Univ.Eeastern Finland,
forestry Prof. Taneli Kolström UEF, Mekrijärvi Res. Station Mayor Markku Lappalainen Ilomantsi municipality City clerc Jari Horttanainen Joensuu city City clerc Matti Taponen Lieksa city Park Superintendent Kyösti Tuhkalainen Metsähallitus CEO Tiina Tolvanen NK Chamber of Commerce Prof. Ari Lehtinen UEF, geography Planning director Risto Poutiainen NK Regional Council Leading researcher Raimo Heikkilä Finnish Env. Instutute, Joensuu Prof. Erkki Sutinen UEF, computer science CEO Markku Litja Karelia-Expert OY (tourism)
Co-ordinator Timo J. Hokkanen (secretary)
Centre of Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for
North Karelia
Regional development priorities taken into account
Funding Minimal funds earmarked for
environment compared with those for development
Influence - also in environmental issues Better sitting at the tables where the
decisions are being done
North Karelia BR mission statement
North Karelia biosphere reserve activities aim at creating regional sustainable development solutions for good economy and environment
BR main task: facilitationSustainable development
Conservation
Support, training etc
Strategy
BR main ”windows” Energy Tourism Environmental awareness
Extensive co-operation Benefits
”Bioenergy window” Energy important for all human activities in
the area Bioenergy has great influence on local life
but also direct global influences Bioenergy is easily understandable by
everyone Bioenergy is economically important and
politically ”hot” Local and regional background strong Environmental aspects not at all easy
”Tourism window”
Nature and culture tourism is considered to grow in importance and volume
Nature and culture tourism makes use of all environments and important culture objects
Tourism and energy use are tightly coupled
Easy to find local and regional support
Landscapes
Significance of landscapes Economy Ecology Communities Culture
Traditional landscapes
Awareness = key to change
Information/”knowledge” Research
Information + context => Awareness Info dissemination
Awareness + resources + commitment => activity Work
Activity + continuity => change Monitoring
Leadership
Projects and future
Clear priorities Ambitious goals Visibility Results required ”Think globally, act locally!”
RoK-FOR 2010 - 2013 Sustainable forestry providing bioenenergy, sustainable construction and biobased products
EU FP7 - 1.8 M €EU FP7 - 1.8 M € Large consortium – regions in focusLarge consortium – regions in focus
ROK-FOR consortium
Forest Research CentreJastrebarsko
Centre for Development, Transport and the Environmentfor North Karelia
Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya
Albert-Ludwigs-UniversitaetFreiburg
EFI Atlantic
RoK-FOR ObjectivesRoK-FOR Objectives Target areas: sustainable forestry > bioenergy, Target areas: sustainable forestry > bioenergy,
biobased products and sustainable biobased products and sustainable construction construction
Actions: We will identify and start strong trans-Actions: We will identify and start strong trans-national and inter-regional co-operation national and inter-regional co-operation between research-driven, forestry-based between research-driven, forestry-based clustersclusters
ResultsResults Joint action planJoint action plan New joint actions during the second half of the New joint actions during the second half of the
projectproject Increased innovativeness and competitiveness with Increased innovativeness and competitiveness with
help of the metaclusterhelp of the metacluster
•geology•bedrock, ice age
•biodiversity values•indigenous species•ecological corridor
•cultural heritage
•transboundary co-operation
GREEN BELT OF FENNOSCANDIA
Naturereserves
Research units Climate change Environmental
change Sustainable
development practices
Research and development
Koli Guiding and Culture Centre International sustainable development model
for Biosphere Reserves?
~ 40 M € investment
Koli Sustainable Development Platform
K o l i Culturum
National Park
Koli Village
Sustainable Development
In Centre
North Kareliaprovince
National &International
Contacts
Green Belt ofFennoscandia
MaB programme
TechnologyProgramme
BR Partnership organisations and enterprises Dynamic approach
Sustainable development Commitment for future
Co-operation between partners Background: Sustainable Development
Network for North Karelia
Questions asked
How you engage with public agencies? How you engage with communities? How you manage the landscape and
the type of landscapes you have? How regional strategy has been
developed? Where the biosphere reserve fits in? The long term view?
Rosa acicularis – Carelian rose