bubble power ppt
DESCRIPTION
A complete power point presentation on bubble powerTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A
Technical Seminar
Report On
BUBBLE POWER
BY: Maleeha Tabassum.
12U81D5706
![Page 2: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTIONSonofusion Research team from various
organizations have joined forces to create acoustic fusion technology energy consortium (AFTEC) to promote the development of sonofusion.
It was derived from a related phenomenon, sonoluminescence.
Sonofusion involves tiny bubbles imploded by sound waves can make hydrogen nuclei fuse-and may one day become a revolutionary new energy source.
![Page 3: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SONOLUMINESCENCEWhen a gas bubble in liquid is excited by
ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes of light suggestive of extreme temperatures inside the bubble.
These flashes of light, known as ‘sonoluminescence’, occur as the bubble implodes, or cavitates.
Chemical reactions occurs .
![Page 4: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION
Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement fusion. In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled flask
send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the motion of tiny gas bubbles.
High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble core .
This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear fusion.
![Page 5: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
![Page 6: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BASIC REQUIREMENTSPyrex flaskVacuum pumpPiezoelectric crystalWave generatorAmplifierNeutron generatorNeutron and gamma ray detectorPhotomultiplierMicrophone & speaker
![Page 7: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
HOW SONOFUSION WORKS
Action of vacuum pump.
Fill the flask with deuterated acetone.
For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied to the ring.
Fire a pulsed neutron generator.
![Page 8: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ACTION IN THE FLASK
Stage (1)
Neutrons flying through the flask create a bubble cluster in the deuterated acetone liquid.
![Page 9: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stage (2)
The negative pressure in the liquid makes the bubbles swell 100000 times in size (from nano to millimeter-scale).
![Page 10: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stage (3)
The liquid pressure turns positive and compresses the bubble, causing them to implode with great violence.
![Page 11: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stage(4)
The implosion creates an instantaneous pressure of 10 trillion kilopascals and temperature of more than 100 million degree C, making the deuterium fuse.
![Page 12: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FUSION REACTION
Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium and a proton.
The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity generator.
![Page 13: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE
We gather two kinds of evidence that the deuterium is fusing.
The first is by measuring levels of another hydrogen isotope tritium
The second is neutron emissions detected by the neutron detector.
![Page 15: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
![Page 16: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
OTHER APPROACHESMainly two types:
Laser beam technique.
Magnetic confinement fusion
![Page 17: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ADVANTAGESIt is self sustaining.Easily control.Produce more energy than it consumes.Low cost.Easily available raw materials.Environmental friendly.
![Page 18: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
APPLICATIONS
The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost energy.
Compact detectors for security applications.
To analyze molecular structure of materials.
Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for medical imaging to watch dials.
![Page 19: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Fully self-sustained.
neutrons
![Page 20: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CONCLUSIONFor more than half a century,
thermonuclear fusion has held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless energy.
![Page 21: Bubble Power Ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55cf9b7e550346d033a64a6d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
THANK YOU