btlew lesson 6 – twelve angry men (part two) part four enter

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Lesson 6 – Twelve Angry Men (Part Two)

Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III.Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy


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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. acquittal

2. avenge

3. bear

4. blunder

5. commonplace

6. injustice

7. intimidate

8. lunge

9. object

10. obscure

11. recreate

12. stamp

13. stick

14. testify

15. trot

16. underhand


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

1. acquittal

Example: Of 52 prosecutions for police brutality, 46

ended in acquittals.

v. acquit somebody of something

The judge directed the jury to acquit Phillips

of the murder.


n. an official statement in a court of law

that someone is not guilty

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. avenge

v. to do something to hurt or punish someone because they have harmed or offended you

Examples:

The Trojans wish to avenge the death of

Hector; their misplaced values mean that

patience in adversity is impossible.

Half a century later he has finally avenged

that defeat.


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3. bear

v. a. to bravely accept or deal with a

painful, difficult, or upsetting situation

b. to dislike something or someone

very much, often so that they make you

feel annoyed or impatient

bear sb. grudge

bear sth. in mind

bear a resemblance /relation to

bear arms

bear fruit


To be continued on the next page.

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Examples:

She was afraid she wouldn't be able to bear

the pain.

Overcrowding makes prison life even harder

to bear.

Oh, I really can't bear him.

He can't bear spinach.


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4. blunder

n. a careless or stupid mistake

commit a blunder, make a blunder

Examples:

Major management blunders have led the

company into bankruptcy.

The parents face a nightmare week-long

wait before blood tests show if there has

been a hospital blunder.


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a. happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusual

Examples:

Car thefts are commonplace in this part of

town.

Expensive foreign cars are commonplace in

this Chicago suburb.

5. commonplace


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6. injustice

n. a situation in which people are treated very unfairly and not given their rights

Examples:

The group, called the Wilmington 10, were active in protests against racial injustices in the schools in the early 1970s.

These injustices are intolerable, especially when the victims are children.

a. unjust

Word formations


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threat

Synonyms


v. to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you want

Examples:

They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them.

Attempts to intimidate her failed.

7. intimidate


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. lunge

v. to make a sudden strong movement towards someone or something, especially to attack them

Examples:

The goats lunged at each other with their

horns.

John lunged forward and grabbed him by

the throat.

Word formation

n. lunge


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9. object

v. to feel or say that you oppose or disapprove of something

Examples:

Robson strongly objected to the terms of the

contract.

I objected to having to rewrite the article.

Word formation

n. objection

Cf.:

n. object


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. obscure

v. a. to make something difficult to know or understand

b. to prevent something from being seen

or heard clearly

Examples:

Recent successes have obscured the fact

that the company is still in trouble.

The view was obscured by mist.



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a. a. not well known and usually not very

important

b. difficult to understand

Examples:

an obscure poet 无名的，不知名的

The details of his life remain obscure. 含糊的，

不清楚的

He’s using an obscure old law to try to stop

the new road being built. 晦涩难懂的

Word formation

n. obscurity


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11. recreate

v. to make something from the past exist

again in a new form or be experienced

again



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Examples:

Evan often chimes in, so we work together to

recreate the story.

And we can share best practices so that every

educator and employer does not have to

recreate effective strategies from scratch.

Arjelo's novel vividly recreates 15th-century

Spain.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. stamp

v. a. to put your foot down onto the ground loudly and with a lot of force

b. to put a pattern, sign, or letters on

something using a special tool

c. to have an important or permanent

effect on someone or something



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Examples:

“I will not!” Bert yelled and stamped his

foot.

The woman at the desk stamped my

passport.

The experience remained stamped on her

memory for many years.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study13. stick

v. a. to attach something to something

else using a substance, or to become attached to a surface

b. if a pointed object sticks into

something, or if you stick it there, it

is pushed into it

c. if you stick a part of your body

somewhere, you put it in a position

where other people can see it


To be continued on the next page

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Examples:

Someone had stuck posters all over the walls.

pins stuck in a notice board

Clara stuck her head around the door to see

who was there.


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14. testify

v. a. to make a formal statement of what is

true, especially in a court of law

b. to show clearly that something is the

case



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Examples:

Mr. Molto has agreed to testify at the trial.Later, the witness who had testified against Muawad withdrew his allegation.The empty shops in the high street testify to the depth of the recession.The company's experience testifies to the difficulties of opening a business in a foreign country.

More Examples



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testify at the court

testify against sb.

testify to sth.

testify that…

在法庭作证作出不利于 ······ 的证明证实证实，证明

Translation


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Examples:Dorothy arrived, with a little dog trotting along behind her.He locked the door and trotted down the stairs to my car.She broke into a trot (= started running slowly) and hurried on ahead of us.

15. trot


v. to walk or go somewhere, especially fairly

quickly

n. a fairly slow way of running in which you

take short regular steps

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overhand


16. underhand

ad. if you throw a ball underhand, you throw it without moving your arm above your shoulder

a. dishonest and done secretly

Examples:

throw the ball underhand 下手投球 They did it all in such an underhand way. 他们

这么干真是阴险。

Antonym


The end of Word Study

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List:1. mean it

2. in favor of

3. in the first place

4. see to

5. take a chance/take one’s chances

6. be supposed to do

7. cover one’s blunder

8. bear sth. out

9. take the cake

10. run for

11. bring up

12. make a point

13. break the tie

14. toss and turn/twist and turn

15. settle something

16. other than

17. be entitled to

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions


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to be serious about what you are saying or writing

Examples:

With children, if you say “no”, you have to mean it .

I meant what I said earlier.

1. mean it 当真的，故意的，诚心

要……



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all in favorask… a favorbe in favor with sb.be out of favor with sb.do sb. a favorfind/gain/win favor

2. in favor of


所有人都赞成吗请某人帮个忙得宠失宠帮某人个忙赢得好感


支持，赞成

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a. used to introduce a series of points in an argument, discussion, etc.

b. used to talk about what someone did or should have done at the start of a situation

Examples:

In the first place, I'm too busy, and in the second I don't really want to go.

I wish I'd never got involved in the first place!

3. in the first place



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4. see to

to deal with something or do something for someone

Example: Go on, you go out. I'll see to the washing up.



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Cf.

I'd better see about dinner.

They've gone to the airport to see their son off.

She saw out her last years at Sudeley Castle.

I could never lie to her because I know she'd see through me straight away.

I've got enough money to see me through six months of unemployment.



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to do something that involves risks

Examples: The rope might break, but that's a chance

we'll have to take. After losing $20,000 on my last business

venture, I'm not taking any chances this time.Cf. take the chance/grab the chance/jump at the chance

You should take the chance to travel while you're still young.

5. take a chance




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chance n.

Examples:

What are the team's chances of success?

She has a good chance of a successful recovery.

There is little chance of her being found alive.

The day will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight.

He gave the show a fifty-fifty chance of survival.



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It was a million to one chance , but it had happened.

The operation is performed under local anaesthetic, which lessens the chances of infection.

How can we improve our chances of career development?

Chances are they'll be out when we call.


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a. used to say what someone should or

should not do, especially because of

rules or what someone in

authority has said

b. used to say what was or is expected or

intended to happen, especially when it

did not happen

c. used to say that something is believed

to be true by many people, although it

might not be true or you might disagree

6. be supposed to


More examples



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We're supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock.

What time are you supposed to be there?

The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we've had to postpone it.

The new laws are supposed to prevent crime.

“Dirty Harry” is supposed to be one of Eastwood's best films.

Mrs. Carver is supposed to have a lot of money.



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Cf. commit a blunder 犯错误make a blunder 犯错误

7. cover one’s blunder 掩饰错误



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if facts or information bears out a claim, story, opinion, etc., they help to prove

that it is true

Example:

Evidence bears out the idea that students

learn best in small groups.

8. bear sth. out



“bear” phrases


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bear sb. a grudge

bear sth. in mind

bear a resemblance

/relation to

bear sb. no malice/ill

will

bear scrutiny

对某人怀恨在心，跟某人过不去

记住某事

与……相似 / 有关系

对某人无恶意，不对某人生气

经得起详细审查


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to be worse than anything else you can imagine

Example:

I've heard some pretty dumb ideas, but that

takes the cake!

9. take the cake



Related phrases


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Examples:“How do you do that?” “It's a piece of cake! Watch!”They don't imagine they can have their cake and eat it too.Both companies expect to get a big slice of the cake.


a piece of cake 小菜一碟

have your cake and eat it 捞到全部的好处

a slice of cake 一点好处


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to try to be elected in an election

Examples: Salinas is running for a second term as

President. an attempt to encourage more women to run

for office

run for his life: to run in order to avoid being killed 逃命

10. run for



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Examples:

Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? (Synonym: raise)

He was brought up by his grandparents. (Synonym: raise)

11. bring up



a. to mention a subject or start to talk

about it

b. to look after and influence a child

until he or she is grown up

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Example:

• He made a point of spending Saturdays with his children.

12. make a point 证明论点正确，得一分



Cf.:

make a point of:

to do something deliberately, even when it involves making a special effort

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Example:If three or more teams tie, the overall

record of the tied teams against each

other shall break the tie.

13. break the tie

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions 打破平局


to swing the balance when two or more people or teams get the same number of points, votes

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14. toss and turn/ twist and turn


Examples:

The river twists and turns through the green

fields. 弯弯曲曲

She had slept badly, tossing and turning

before falling into a fitful doze. 辗转反侧

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settle a bill

settle an account

settle a claim

settle a score

settle a dispute

settle a lawsuit

settle a conflict

settle an argument

15. settle sth.


结账结账支付赔偿和某人算账解决争执解决一个诉讼解决冲突解决争执


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apart from a particular person or thing

Examples:The truth was known to no one other than herself.He doesn't eat pork, but other than that he'll eat just about anything. We know he lived in Fleet Road, but other than that we don't know much about him.

16. other than



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Examples:

Ethiopian Jews were entitled to immigrate to

Israel under the Law of Return.

Being a member entitles you to discounts on

tickets.

17. be entitled to (v. n.)



to give someone the official right to do or have something


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Cf.

be entitled something:

if a book, play, etc. is entitled something, that is its name

a documentary entitled “The Price of Perfection”


The end of Phrases and Expressions.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:

1. prefix – under

2. suffix – al

3. suffix –ence/ance

4. suffix – ward


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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

undergroundunderground

prefixroot

under-: beneath or below in position; inferior or subordinate; less in degree, rate or quality

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undergroundunderhandunderclothesunderwearunderpassunderscretaryundersizedunderdevelopmentundercooked

地下下手的，手不过肩的内衣内衣地下道次长，副部长不够大的不发达煮得欠熟的，火候不够的


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-al: of, relating to, or characterized by

parental a.retrieval n.

父母的，家长的取回，恢复

parental (6)parental (6)

root

suffix



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the action, state, or quality of doing something or of being something

Examples: his sudden appearance her brilliance

Suffix: -ence/anceMore examples




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exist v.

occur v.

appear v.

brilliant a.

Suffix: -ance/ence

III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingGive corresponding nouns of the words in the left column.

existence

occurrence

appearance

brilliance


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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingsuffix: -ward/wards

downward

skyward

leftward

landward

towards a particular direction or place;

our homeward journey; a downward

movement

向下朝天朝左，左边朝陆地

The end of Word Building.


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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarSubjunctive MoodSubjunctive Mood

“Modal + have done” construction: would/should/could/might + have done…

The perfect infinitive denotes a past action or condition. When it is used with modals, it can express improbability, probability, possibility, necessity and subjective certainty of a past action respectively.



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1. could (not) have done

2. may/might (not) have done

3. must have done

4. would (not) have

5. should (not) have done

ought to have done

“Modal + have done” construction:

IV.IV. GrammarGrammar


Classification


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1. could (not) have done…I don’t remember what he said, but I don’t see how he could have run to the door. (Para. 25)

Probability of a past action—He couldn’t have done that.

“Modal + have done” construction


To be continued on the next page.B T L EW


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2. might (not) have done…Don’t you think the woman might have made a mistake? (Para. 151)

Probability of a past action—It is likely that she made a mistake.


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Subjective certainty of a past action— we guess that he realized…

3. must have done…For at some moment in the water he must have realized that he would not live if he continued to hand over the rope and ring to others.



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4. would (not) have done…I just can’t see two slaps in the face would have provoked him into committing murder.(Para. 46)

Probability of a past action—he wouldn’t be provoked into committing the crime.


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5. should (not) have done…“I think you ought to have told me, Alan,” said Hughie in a bad temper, “and not have let me make such a fool of myself.”

Obligation for a past action—but in fact Alan didn’t tell me.

The end of Grammar.


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btlew lesson 6 – twelve angry men (part two) part four enter

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