bt & dt-bt maize commercialization · 2018. 1. 19. · overview of wema project: bt & dt-bt...
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Overview of WEMA Project:
Bt & DT-Bt Maize Commercialization
Sylvester O. Oikeh
WEMA Project Manager, AATF
Presentation at 1st African Biosafety Leadership Summit
15 – 16 August 2016, Nairobi, Kenya
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Outline
Background on WEMA project
WEMA partnership structure
WEMA product options for farmers
Brief Updates on WEMA conventional products
Updates on WEMA transgenic products
Conclusion
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• A public-private partnership to develop & deploy
royalty-free African drought-tolerant and insect-
pest protected white maize varieties to farmers
• Aim: Increase yield stability, and protect and
promote farmers’ investment in adopting best
management practices (BMPs)
• Under moderate drought, WEMA maize
varieties expected to increase yields by 20–
35% over Year 2008 varieties
Water Efficient Maize for Africa
(WEMA Project)
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Relevance of Drought-Tolerant
Technology to African Agriculture
• Frequent droughts are a major challenge to maize production in Kenya
• Maize is the most widely grown staple crop in Africa & main food source for >300 million people
• Maize consumption in KE: 103 kg/ yr/ person – major food security crop
Recorded droughts between 1971 and 2000, and the number of people affected
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Impact of Insect-pests on Maize
Stem-borer attack on drought-tolerant maize hybrid
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Impact of Stem-borers in Kenya
• Stem-borers: spotted stem-borer (Chilo partellus)
and African stem-borer (Busseola fusca) are a
major pest of maize in Africa
• In Kenya, stem-borers reduce maize production
by a yearly average of 13% or 400,000 tons;
equivalent to normal yearly maize import into KE
• Annual damage on maize by stem-borers in
KE is valued at > USD 90 million ≡ KSH 9.1
billion (DeGroote 2011)
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Bt Technology: Tested Solution for Stem-borer Control
Bt technology has been used globally to control
stem-borers with the following benefits:
• Increase in grain yield through better pest-control
• Improvement in grain quality with lower levels of
mycotoxins (poisons) compared with non-Bt maize
• Improved health and safety of farmworkers due to
reduction in insecticides applications and exposure
• Reduced negative environmental impacts from
limited use of insecticides
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AATF
African institution mandated to access, develop, & deliver appropriate agricultural technologies to smallholder African farmers royalty-free
Monsanto
World leader in gene
discovery
Donated:
• 3 transgenes
• ~700 global
germplasm royalty-
free
CIMMYT
World leader for
breeding maize for
African agro-ecological
zones
WEMA Partnership Structure
NARS • Expertise in field trials • Breeding/Test DT maize • Adapted checks • Capacity building opportunities
WEMA
KALRO; NARO; ARC;
COSTECH; & IIAM
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WEMA Product Options for Farmers
Conventional Drought Tolerant (CDT) Hybrids –
from 2013 in Kenya
CDT + Insect-pest protected (Bt) Hybrids –
from 2017 (?)
CDT + Transgenic Bt + DT Stacked Hybrids –
from 2017 in RSA & KE (?)
(Hybrids and Parental lines through sub-
licensing to seed companies)
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Updates on WEMA Conventional
Products
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Brief Progress:
Conventional Products • 74 DroughtTEGO® hybrids released across five
WEMA countries since 2013
• 46 hybrids released in KE by KALRO within 4
years
• DroughtTEGO® hybrids have been commercialized in
19 major maize growing counties in Kenya
• Yield advantage of over 4 tons of commercial
WE1101 DroughtTEGO® compared with local check
in Kakamega County in 2014/2015season
http://wema.aatf-africa.org/stewardship/products-commercialisation-and-
licensing-program
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DroughtTEGO ® Maize Growing Counties in KE
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0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Com. Check Local check WE1101 WE2101 WE2104 WE2106 WE2107 WE2108 WE2109 WE2110 WE2111
Me
an Y
ield
-t/h
a
Variety
Performance of WEMA Hybrids Across 26 Farm
Households, Kakamega, 2014/2015
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Updates on WEMA Transgenic Products
(GMO)
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Brief Progress: GMO Studies Year Accomplishments
2010 First Confined Field Trial (CFT) application – KALRO & NARO as PIs in
collaboration with AATF, CIMMYT & Monsanto
2014 6 CFTs done at Kiboko with very promising results on performance of
drought tolerance (DT) gene – No cases of non-compliance!
2011 Bt-gene introduced into WEMA for insect-pest protection (insurance
for DT hybrids)
2014 2 – 3 CFTs done at KE & UG on Bt-hybrids with outstanding results in
protecting maize against stem-borers - No cases of non-compliance!
2015 General Release of DT trait in RSA & planting stacked Bt & DT hybrids
2016 • General release approval of Bt-maize by NBA with conditions to
present EIA Project Report to NEMA & conduct of NPTs by KEPHIS
• Planting of stacked Bt & DT hybrids: KE (Kiboko and Kitale) & UG
(Namulonge & Kasese), 2016A
• 5 MON89034 Bt Hybrids available to seed companies in RSA
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Impact of Bt-maize in Stem-borer Control
NON-Bt Maize Bt Maize
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Summary of Combined Uganda and Kenya
MON810 CFT, Five Season Data
Bt gene had positive and significant effect on yield across
varieties and trials. Yield ‘increase’ was 52% on average
Bt gene significantly reduced numbers of exit holes and tunnel
length across varieties and trials
0
1
2
3
4
Pos Mean Neg mean
Nu
mb
er
of E
xit H
ole
s
-93%
* 0
2
4
6
8
10
Pos Mean Neg mean
Yie
ld [t/
ha
] * 52%
0
1
2
3
4
5
Pos Mean Neg mean
Tu
nn
el L
en
gth
[cm
]
*
-95%
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Stem-borer Damage in Maize
Leaf Damage
Stem tunnelling
Exit Holes
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MON89034 Bt Hybrids Currently Available
for Licensing in RSA, Aug 2016
Pedigree
Hybrid Code Female Male
WE6206B CML442 WMB4105-NYK-T1B1
WE6207B WMC5516 WMA3305-NYK-T1C1
WE6208B WMA3306-NYK-T1B1 WMB4810
WE6209B WMA2001 WMB4104-NYK-T1A2
WE6210B WMC5516 WMB4105-NYK-T1B1
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Transgenic DT Hybrids From CFTs
34 hybrids (with & without
transgene) were evaluated for 3+
years across 5 sites in 3 countries
5 traited (with transgene) hybrids
gave 8 – 14% greater yield than the
non-traited versions
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Transgenic Drought Tolerant Maize Hybrid in Confined Field Trials
Moderate-drought Stress
CFT Site, Hopetown, South Africa
Well-watered Condition
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Preliminary Data on Control of Stem-borers by Bt
(Stacked DT + Bt Maize CFT, 2016)
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Stacked DT-Bt Maize at CFT Kitali, July 2016
Impact of Bt on Busseola Control
Non-Bt maize attacked by stem-borers Bt maize protected from stem-borers
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Ownership of WEMA Products
• Parental germplasm belong to the
respective institutions (NARS, CIMMYT, or
Monsanto) depending who developed and
donated to WEMA project for use in
developing the respective WEMA hybrids
• Seed company will be sub-licensed
parental lines with Bt or DT + Bt traits
through AATF to produce their own hybrids
for sale to farmers as soon as commercial
release approval of traits is received
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CONCLUSION
WEMA Project has implemented its activities
in Kenya & other countries in compliance with
regulations set by national regulatory
agencies
AATF and partners strongly desire that
Kenyan farmers benefit from WEMA Bt maize
hybrids from 2017; and look forward to
receiving timely, License from NEMA to carry
out NPTs by KEPHIS during short-rains from
August 2016
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Acknowledgements
NBA, Kenya
WEMA Project Investors:
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• Howard G. Buffett Foundation
• USAID