bsc (med)(hons) exercise science - university of cape...

BSc (Med)(Hons) Exercise Science (HUB 4041W)

DIVISION OF EXERCISE SCIENCE AND SPORTS MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN BIOLOGY

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

STUDENT BROCHURE

2018 Course Convenor Course Administrator Postal Address Street Address Phone Fax E-mail Homepages

Dr Tertius Kohn Mrs Ayesha Hendricks Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town P.O. Box 115, Newlands, 7725 Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Sports Science Institute of South Africa Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700 (021) 650 3108 (021) 650 1796 [email protected] http://essm.uct.ac.za www.ssisa.com

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ORIENTATION PROGRAMME FOR NEW STUDENTS 2018 ......................................................... 2INTRODUCTION TO THE HONOURS PROGRAMME .................................................................... 3

Background to the Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM) and our

postgraduate degrees .................................................................................................................... 3The Sports Science Institute of South Africa (SSISA) ................................................................... 4

OUTLINE OF THE HONOURS PROGRAMME (HUB4041W) ......................................................... 5Fundamentals of Exercise Science Module ................................................................................... 6Biomechanics Techniques Course .............................................................................................. 10Biological Techniques Course ..................................................................................................... 11Physiological Techniques Course ................................................................................................ 13Thematic Seminar Series ............................................................................................................. 14Applied Exercise Science Module ............................................................................................... 16Research Methods and Statistics Module ................................................................................... 18Research project .......................................................................................................................... 21

ESSM DIVISIONAL MEETING ....................................................................................................... 22EXAMINATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 22

Contributions to the final marks from the tests, exams and the research project ........................ 22CRITERIA TO PASS THE HONOURS PROGRAMME .................................................................. 23TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCE MATERIALS ............................................................................ 23ESSM STAFF LIST ......................................................................................................................... 24IMPORTANT DATES 2018 ............................................................................................................. 26

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ORIENTATION PROGRAMME FOR NEW STUDENTS 2018

Wednesday 24 January 2018:

TIME EVENT COORDINATOR 08h30 – 09h30 Arrival: SSISA cards and photos Neezaam Kariem 09h30 – 10h30 Welcome and Introduction Tertius Kohn, Jacolene Kroff 10h30 – 11h00 Tea (All) 11h00 – 12h30 11h00 – 12h00 12h00 – 12h30

Hons. Biokinetics (Classroom 1) Jacolene Kroff Hons. Exercise Science (Classroom 2) Tertius Kohn MSc and PhD (Boardroom) Sharief Hendricks

12h30 – 13h30 Lunch (All) 13h30 – 14h30 Desk allocation (student lounge) Kathryn van Boom, Trevor Mafu

& Steve den Hollander 14h30 – 15h30 ESSM laboratory protocols (2nd floor) Dale Rae, Jamie Smith Thursday 25 January 2018:

TIME EVENT COORDINATOR 09h00 – 10h00 ICTS Introductory Session Trevino Larry 10h00 - 10h30 Tea (All) 10h30 – 12h30 ESSM Introduction: History and tour

SSISA UCT Functional Merged Entity Vicki Lambert

12h30 - 13h30 Lunch (All) 13h30 – 15h00 Overview of Year Programme, Q&A

(Classroom 2) Tertius Kohn

Friday 26 January 2018:

TIME EVENT COORDINATOR 09h30 - 10h30 ESSM Staff Introduction (Classroom 1) Jacolene Kroff, Tertius Kohn 10h30 - 11h00 Cake and tea (All) 11h00 – 12h15 Speed dating (ESSM & SSISA)

(Classroom 1) All ESSM and SSISA staff and students

12h15 – 13h30 Lunch 13h30 – 14h15 ‘Pearls of Wisdom’ & Student Rules and codes

of conduct (Classroom 1) Kathryn van Boom, Trevor Mafu & Steve den Hollander

14h15 – 16h00 Registration at ESSM (Classroom 1)

Ayesha Hendricks

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INTRODUCTION TO THE HONOURS PROGRAMME Welcome to the BSc (Med)(Hons) Exercise Science (Course Code HUB4041W) course at the University of Cape Town (UCT). We hope that you will enjoy the course and that it will be the basis of a successful and fulfilling career. This brochure describes the history of the various courses offered in our unit and explains how the Exercise Science honours course will be structured and coordinated in 2018. Background to the Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM) and our postgraduate degrees Professor Timothy Noakes began his exercise research in a small basement laboratory within what was formerly the Department of Physiology, with one laboratory assistant and a single bicycle. By 1989, the research had grown to such an extent that the South African Medical Research Council (MRC) and UCT agreed to fund a MRC/UCT Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit (BERU). In 1981, Professor Noakes was appointed by UCT to establish an Honours degree in Sports Science for scientists, physical educators, physiotherapists and doctors. The purpose of the course was to satisfy the South African demand for a more scientific approach to the maintenance of good health and success in sport. In 1991 the original Sports Science Honours course was divided into two streams: Exercise Science and Biokinetics. As the field evolved, specialist Sport and Exercise Medicine and Sports Physiotherapy MPhil courses were developed in 1990 and 1995 respectively, with the aim of providing physicians and physiotherapists with a more evidenced-based approach to their respective fields. In August 1995, the Unit moved into the Sports Science Institute of South Africa (SSISA) in Newlands, and in 2000 changed its name to the UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM). More recently, a new MPhil course in Biokinetics was established in 2011. Professor Noakes retired at the end of 2014 and the Directorship of the Unit was taken over by Professor Vicki Lambert. At the same time, or Unit became recognised as a the Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine within the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences. Both the Exercise Science and Biokinetics Honours courses are one year full-time courses, while the MPhil courses in Sports Physiotherapy, Sport and Exercise Medicine and Biokinetics are part-time courses which take about three years to complete. Since the inception of our Division in 1981, 696 students have been trained (DSc=1, MD=3, PhD=87, MPhil(Sport and Exercise Medicine)=39, MPhil(Biokinetics)=13, MSc=72, Exercise Science Honours = 280, Biokinetics Honours =203).

Our Vision “An active, healthy and winning nation through science”.

Our mission statement

“A center of excellence for promoting a healthy, active lifestyle and optimal physical performance, through research, innovation, teaching, training, and clinical services”.

The research focus of ESSM

“Health through physical activity, lifestyle and sport”

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The research objectives are: • To conduct research focused on (i) improving health and reducing disease, (ii) reducing injury

and adverse medical conditions associated with physical activity and sport, and (iii) promoting sports participation.

• To conduct research of the highest international standard, recognising the interdisciplinary nature of our work as its key strength.

• To recognise the holistic and complex nature of related lifestyle behaviours and co-morbid conditions, high performance, issues of safety and unintended consequences of participation in physical activity and sport.

• To ensure that our programme of research is relevant to all South Africans, addressing issues of social justice and equity, for the development of human capital, communities and the nation.

• To disseminate knowledge through teaching of an international standard, and through translation to the wider community, informing policy and practice.

ESSM’s research facilities include three exercise laboratories, two clinical laboratories, five molecular biology / biochemistry laboratories, a biokinetics laboratory, a biomechanics laboratory, an environmental chamber, a metabolic chamber and a sleep laboratory. The Sports Science Institute of South Africa (SSISA) SSISA was built as a Section 21 (not for gain) company called Sports Science Share Block (Pty) Ltd, with funds donated to UCT in 1994. Today, SSISA is led by Dr Patho Zondi and their mission is to “optimise the sporting performance and health of all South Africans through the execution, application and dissemination of science”. More information about SSISA can be obtained from www.ssisa.com. Although both ESSM and SSISA have worked together on many projects since 1995, their governance has been different. This is partly due to ESSM being an academic institution and falling under the jurisdiction of the University of Cape Town, whereas SSISA is a not-for profit company. However, in March 2016, ESSM and SSISA have formed a functionally merged entity. This means that legally we are obliged to remain separate, but functionally we act as one organization. This has allowed for greater interaction with one another, and better sharing of knowledge and resources.

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OUTLINE OF THE HONOURS PROGRAMME (HUB4041W) The honours programme consists of the following:

• a fundamentals of exercise science module (theory lectures and tutorials) • a techniques course covering physiological, biomechanical and biological methodologies

(theory and practical) • an applied exercise module (interactive theory lectures) • six thematic seminar series (interactive lectures) • a research methods and statistics module (interactive lectures) • a research project (practical and thesis)

Students are assessed continuously, as well as having to write two examinations and an oral examination. Each student will receive an email inviting them to access the ESSM Lectures and ESSM Diary Google calendars. Lecture schedules and venues as well as important ESSM meetings, reminders and events will be maintained on these calendars. Students are responsible for ensuring that they are up to date with all lecture, tutorial and practical sessions. Course material will be posted on the VULA intranet. Lecture times might change occasionally, and this is largely due to travel demands of staff. The different aspects of the course will be discussed in more detail.

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Fundamentals of Exercise Science Module Coordinator: Dr Tertius Kohn These lectures will start on Monday 29 January and end on Friday 9 February with the test being written on Monday 19 February from 09h00-12h00. The detailed programme is shown below.

Overall objective of Fundamentals of Exercise Science The objective of this module is to provide the student with a comprehensive and integrated overview of the bodies’ response to exercise, emphasising the acute and long-term effects of training on

• the metabolic system • the nervous system • the cardiovascular system • the respiratory system • the muscular system • the skeletal-articular system • the endocrine system • the immune system • fluid balance • thermoregulation • biomechanics

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After completion of this module, the student should be able to understand, define and describe:

1. Overview of exercise science – Prof Mike Lambert (1 lecture) 2. The metabolic systems - Dr James Smith (4 lectures)

• Overview of metabolic pathways • Anaerobic metabolism:

o high energy phosphates, glycolysis, glycogenolysis, • Aerobic/oxidative metabolism

o mitochondria o tricarboxylic acid cycle o electron transport chain o oxidative phosphorylation

• Basic concepts of nutrition • Liver gluconeogenesis • Glucose transport and homeostasis • Adipose tissue and free fatty acids • Protein and amino acid metabolism

3. The nervous system – Dr Yumna Albertus (3 lectures)

• Overview of anatomy and terminology of the central and peripheral nervous systems • Voluntary generation and control of movement • The concept of fatigue

4. The cardiovascular system – Dr Tertius Kohn (3 lectures)

• Overview of anatomy and terminology of the heart and blood vessels • Regulation and control of the cardiovascular system during exercise by means of

neurological, hormonal and metabolic inputs • Heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume responses • Limitations to cardiac performance • Measurement of cardiovascular function during rest and exercise (e.g. ECG, heart rate)

5. The respiratory system – Dr James Smith (2 lectures)

• Overview of anatomy and terminology of the lungs, airways and respiratory muscles • Mechanics and regulatory mechanisms of breathing during exercise • Principles of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport from the lungs to other systems

(particularly skeletal muscle) and venous return. • Measurement of respiratory function during rest and exercise (lung function test, VO2max

test) 6. The muscular system – Dr Tertius Kohn (5 lectures)

• Overview of anatomy and terminology of skeletal muscle, muscle fibres and the contractile apparatus

• Cross-bridge cycle and muscle mechanics • Metabolism – energy providing pathways (creatine, carbohydrate, fat and amino acids),

metabolite transport • Neuromuscular control of muscle contraction

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• Muscle fibre type and its role in strength, power and endurance exercise • The concept of muscle fatigue • Damage, repair and regeneration

7. The skeletal-articular system - Dr Yumna Albertus (2 lectures)

• Overview of anatomy and terminology of bone, ligaments and tendons • Mechanical role in locomotion • Repair of bone, ligaments and tendons

8. The endocrine system – Dr Dale Rae (3 lectures)

• Overview of components of the endocrine system relevant to exercise • The importance of homeostasis • Regulation of the storage and mobilisation of metabolic fuels, blood pressure, heart rate,

temperature, fluid balance 9. The immune system - Dr Dale Rae (2 lectures)

• Overview of components of the immune system relevant to exercise • Effects on immune system components (i.e. leukocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cell

activity, immunoglobulins • The inflammatory response - cytokines • Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) • Endocrine regulation of immune function during exercise

10. Fluid balance- Dr Dale Rae (2 lectures)

• Regulation of body fluids • Water balance and fluid shifts • Exercise-induced dehydration and rehydration • Exercise-induced hypervolemia

11. Thermoregulation - Dr Dale Rae (2 lectures)

• Thermal balance and control 12. Biomechanics – Mr Alastair During (6 lectures)

• Overview of basic anatomical terms of reference and direction • The concepts in biomechanics

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Scheduled times of classes for the Fundamental course Mon 29 Jan 2018 Tue 30 Jan 2018 Wed 31 Jan 2018 Thu 01 Feb 2018 Fri 02 Feb 2018

9am-10am SSISA Indaba

Auditorium Metabolic system

Jamie Smith Nervous System Yumna Albertus

Muscular system Tertius Kohn

8:30am – 10:15am Research Module

Mike Lambert

10am-11am Overview of

Exercise Science Mike Lambert Endocrine System

Dale Rae ESSM Friday meeting

11am-12pm Metabolic System

Jamie Smith

Muscular system Tertius Kohn

12pm-1pm

Cardiovascular System

Tertius Kohn

1pm-2pm

Endocrine System Dale Rae Muscular system

Tertius Kohn

2pm-3pm Metabolic System

Jamie Smith Nervous System Yumna Albertus

3pm-4pm Tutorial / Self study

Tutorial / Self study



4pm-5pm

Mon 05 Feb 2018 Tue 06 Feb 2018 Wed 07 Feb 2018 Thu 08 Feb 2018 Fri 09 Feb 2018

9am-10am Respiratory System

Jamie Smith

Immune System Dale Rae

Fluid balance Dale Rae

Biomechanics Alastair During

8:30am – 10:15am Research Module

Mike Lambert

10am-11am

ESSM Friday meeting

11am-12pm

12pm-1pm Skeletal Articular System

Yumna Albertus

Thermoregulation Dale Rae



1pm-2pm

2pm-3pm





GAME SHOW Yumna Albertus 3pm-4pm

4pm-5pm

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Biomechanics Techniques Course Coordinator: Mr Alastair During / A/Prof Sudesh Sivarasu This four-day course is constructed to provide you with an appropriate understanding behind the biomechanical mechanisms that underpin human movement. The aim is to provide you with the fundamental knowledge required to capture, model and determine the principles of motion. This course takes you through from physics to math to applied and clinical interpretation. So be prepared to collect data of a movement of your interest, process the movement, construct the necessary movement planes, plot some interesting movement waveforms, be challenged but also have fun. Introduction to the biomechanics laboratory and its machinery

• Force platform • Motion analysis system • Electromyography

Constructing an appropriate biomechanical study design Collecting biomechanical data and processing it for practical interpretation

• Walking • Running • Weightlifting • Other movements

Plotting, normalising and interpreting biomechanical data.

Mon 12 Feb 2018 Tue 13 Feb 2018 Wed 14 Feb 2018 Thu 15 Feb 2018 Fri 16 Feb 2018 Biomechanics Techniques 8h00-9h00

Biomechanical study design

Data collection and processing

Plotting, normalising and

interpreting biomechanical data

Research module - Mike Lambert 9h00-10h00

10h00-11h00 ESSM Friday meeting 11h00-12h00

12h00-13h00

13h00-14h00 Laboratory Health

and safety – Neezaam Kariem

14h00-15h00

15h00-16h00

16h00-17h00

Assessment: The assessment for this course will be in the form of a written report for Biomechanics techniques. A laboratory techniques test will be written on Friday 23 March 2018.

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Biological Techniques Course Coordinators: Dr Tertius Kohn A/Prof Alison September This course is designed to introduce you to the various techniques and data analyses tools that are available to study the biological composition of various tissues and fluids. The goal is to allow you to gain hands-on practical experience in the lab by using real biological material, but also to emphasise the importance of accuracy in these types of experiments. As you will be working with dangerous and toxic chemicals, this course will also familiarise you with the safe handling, disposal and storage of these types of chemicals. There are four topics to this course, outlined below: Basic laboratory techniques – Neezaam Kariem & MSc students

• General laboratory safety and introduction to laboratory • How to keep a proper laboratory book – Neezaam Kariem • Buffers, pH, molarity and concentrations – calculations and theory • Liquid handling (including pipettes), pH meters, weighing, centrifuges, distilled water, fume

hood – practical Molecular biochemistry techniques module – Alison September

• Association studies and its application in Sports Medicine • DNA isolation from blood and quality control • Principles of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and optimization (e.g. temperatures, time,

MgCl2 concentrations, etc.) • Genotyping of DNA – using two PCR based methods (a) restriction fragment length

polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and (b) Taqman assays using the realtime PCR machine – principles, practical demonstrations and analysis of data

• Compile a report describing the experimental design, results, discussion and conclusions. Histological techniques – Tertius Kohn

• Basic histology / immunohistochemistry and quality control - introduction and theory • Sectioning of frozen tissue • Staining to visualize sections • Immunohistochemistry using fluorescence, imaging and analyses • Light microscopy, imaging and analyses • Compile a report on the results

Biochemical separation and quantification techniques – Tertius Kohn

• Weighing, homogenization, sonication and centrifugation of tissue sample • Protein concentration quantification using standard protein curves using conventional

spectrophotometer and micro plate reader – theory, quality control and practical • Kinetic enzyme activity assays using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods –

theory, quality control and practical • Protein separation and identification – theory, quality control and practical

o SDS-PAGE and staining o Identification of separated protein using Western blotting o Imaging and quantification of specific separated protein

• Compile a report on the results

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Single muscle fibre techniques – Tertius Kohn

• Theory on single muscle fibre measurements (including dissection, metabolism, fibre typing and contractility), applications and data analyses.

• Practical session: Dissection and measurement of contractile properties of single muscle fibres.

Schedule for the Biological Techniques course

Mon 19 Feb 2018 Tue 20 Feb 2018 Wed 21 Feb 2018 Thu 22 Feb 2018 Fri 23 Feb 2018 Molecular Techniques - Alison September 8am-9am DNA isolation from

blood and quality control

LECTURE: Principles of PCR, optimization and electrophoresis

LECTURE: Association studies and its application in Sports Medicine

Research module - Mike Lambert 9am-10am

TEST ON FUNDAMENTALS 10am-11am LECTURE: Principles

of real time PCR ESSM Friday meeting

11am-12pm PAGE gel of DNA & analyses 12pm-1pm PCR amplification

1pm-2pm Calculations, buffers and solutions LECTURE: Primer

design 2pm-3pm Restriction Fragment

Length Polymorphism technique

3pm-4pm

4pm-5pm

Mon 26 Feb 2018 Tue 27 Feb 2018 Wed 28 Feb 2018 Thu 01 Mar 2018 Fri 02 Mar 2018

Protein techniques - Tertius Kohn 8am-9am LECTURE:

Bioinformatics tools

LECTURE: Histochemistry and immunohistochem

IHC: Secondary antibodies & mount

LECTURE: Homogenation, protein and enzyme assays


10am-11am Tissue sectioning Photograph histological

sections & analyse

ESSM Friday meeting 11am-12pm

NADH: Mount 12pm-1pm Interactive tutorial

on molecular techniques

1pm-2pm IHC: Fix, block &

primary: BAD5 Buffers & reagents

Bradford protein assay - ELISA

2pm-3pm Muscle homogenates and SDS-PAGE sample

3pm-4pm NADH stain

4pm-5pm

Mon 05 Mar 2018 Tue 06 Mar 2018 Wed 07 Mar 2018 Thu 08 Mar 2018 Fri 09 Mar 2018

8am-9am LECTURES: SDS-

PAGE, stains & Western blot

Block 1 hour, Primary antibody overnight

Secondary antibody - 90 minutes

LECTURE: Single muscle fibres technology


10am-11am SDS-PAGE construct

DEMONSTRATION: Single fibre contraction

assay

ESSM Friday meeting 11am-12pm

LDH assay - Spec Expose

12pm-1pm Run SDS-PAGE 2 hrs

1pm-2pm Scan x-ray film and analyse using densitom 2pm-3pm

Transfer gel overnight

Scan gel 3pm-4pm

4pm-5pm Stain gel

Assessment: The assessment for this course will be in the form of a written report for the Molecular techniques and a separate report for the Protein and Histological techniques. A laboratory techniques test will be written on Friday 23 March 2018 at 2pm.

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Physiological Techniques Course Coordinator: Dr James Smith This techniques module is a two-week practical course where you will learn how to perform a number of physiological tests on humans. You will learn some theory but the main focus will be on actually performing the tests on yourselves. So get ready to be a guinea pig and find out about your own physiology. You will learn how to set up the equipment, collect the data and interpret your findings in a short report that you will have to hand in for assessment. Each practical session will be run by an expert in the field and will range in scope from testing athletic performance to metabolism to health. For example, you will do a VO2max test, assess running economy and calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise. In other sessions, you will learn how to assess limb strength, running gait, muscle recruitment in hot environments, fatigue, physical activity, cycling biomechanics, body composition, lung function, insulin resistance and eccentric cycling rehabilitation. This module will give you a good idea of what your projects might entail.


8h30-9h00

OGTT (Tertius Kohn & Jacolene Kroff)

Research module (Mike Lambert)

9h00-10h00 Introduction by Tertius Kohn

Heat NM 1 (Caroline D'Alton & Yumna Albertus)

Heat NM 2 & 3 (Caroline D'Alton & Yumna Albertus)

10h00-11h00 Running physiology

(James Smith & Andrew Bosch)

ESSM Friday meeting

11h00-12h00

12h00-13h00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Video analysis

(Sharief Hendricks) 13h00-14h00 Lunch Body composition

(Jacolene Kroff) Lung Function

(Jacolene Kroff)

Heat NM

14h00-15h00 Data analysis/ presentation

(James Smith & Andrew Bosch)

Resting metabolic rate

(Jacolene Kroff) DEXA (LM)

Practical reports

15h00-16h00 Practical reports

16h00-17h00 Practical reports Practical reports Practical reports Practical reports


8h00-9h00

Public holiday

Research module – (Mike Lambert) 9h00-10h00 Fatigue

management (Mike Lambert

Running physiology/VO2max

(Jamie Smith)

Grucox (Mike Posthumus)

10h00-11h00 ESSM Friday meeting 11h00-12h00 Sleep and PA

(Vicki Lambert, Dale Rae) 12h00-13h00

Data analyses (Jamie Smith)

Lunch

13h00-14h00 Lunch Lunch

Biodex (Yumna Albertus)

14h00-15h00 Prac reports Data analyses (Jamie Smith)

LABORATORY TECHNIQUES – TEST 3 HOURS

15h00-16h00 Cycle Biomechanics (Jeroen Swart) 16h00-17h00 Practical reports Practical reports

Other (during applied exercise science slots)

• heart rate variability (Laurie Rauch) • body composition practical (ISAK level certification) (Dr Jacolene Kroff)

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Thematic Seminar Series Coordinator: Dr Tertius Kohn The thematic modules start on Monday 26 March. Material in the thematic modules will be presented in varying combinations of lectures, tutorials, self-learning projects, practical exercises, presentations, assignments, and journal paper discussions. The modules are shown below with the module coordinator in brackets. The modules will run concurrently. Each module has been allocated about 18 hours of contact time. The topics are described below and is compulsory. Biological basis of physical activity/inactivity and health (Vicki Lambert) By completing this module, the students will develop a current and comprehensive understanding of the putative mechanisms by which physical activity/inactivity may modify the patho-physiology processes associated with the development of chronic, non-communicable diseases. The students will able to interpret the scientific literature in order to formulate testable hypotheses concerning the specific mechanisms associated with physical activity and inactivity and conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. In particular, the focus will be on inter-organ cross-talk, neuro-humoral and biological mechanisms, and dose-response effects. Biology of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (Alison September) By completing this thematic module, the student will understand how science can be applied to understand the pathophysiology of common musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Specifically, students will be able to explain the common injuries, the risk factors associated with these injuries and the various models that have been and are being developed to explain the biological mechanism that cause these injuries. High performance (Mike Lambert) By completing this thematic module, the student will understand how science can be applied to improve physical performance, while reducing the risk of injury. Specifically, students will be able to explain the training dose/response relationship and the concept of measurement in managing high performance athletes. Sports nutrition and exercise performance (Andrew Bosch) With the increasing knowledge about the role of nutrition in increasing exercise performance, it has become clear that carbohydrate, amino acids, protein and protein hydrolysate can play an important role. By completing this thematic module, the student will understand how these different nutrients can be used before, during and post-exercise to aid performance and recovery. Circadian rhythms and sleep in sport and health (Dale Rae) The aim of this module is to provide students with the biological and physiological understanding of the interplay between circadian rhythms, sleep, sport performance and health. Specifically, the students will learn about (i) the importance of maintaining normal rhythms and sleep patterns and (ii) the effects of disruption of the circadian system or sleep on sports performance, sleep, and the development of diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. Exercise performance – nature or nurture? (Tertius Kohn) By completing this thematic module, the student will gain an understanding of the various skeletal muscle parameters that define sprinters, endurance athletes, or both by comparing various

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ethnicities and species. Specifically, the student will get a better understanding of the metabolic, structural and functional differences, and whether it influences performance. Additionally, the student will also get an in-depth knowledge whether these characteristics are due to genetics or training. Layout of thematic seminars for 2018, starting Monday 26 March and continuing until 6 June 2018.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday

9h00-11h00

Biology of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries

(Alison September)

High performance

(Mike Lambert)

Circadian rhythms and sleep in sport and health

(Dale Rae)

11h30-13h30

Biological basis of physical activity/inactivity and health

(Vicki Lambert)

Sports nutrition and exercise performance

(Andrew Bosch)

Nature vs. Nurture

(Tertius Kohn)

14h00-16h00

Preparation/Self study Preparation/Self study Preparation/Self study

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Applied Exercise Science Module Coordinator: Dr Dale Rae The objectives of this module are:

• To build on and integrate the learning which took place in the Fundamentals of Exercise Science module

• To develop an understanding of the applications of Exercise Science Learning may take the form of lectures, tutorials, problem-based learning sessions, or laboratory sessions. While topics will be led by staff, student participation in the learning process is key. Students will meet on Thursdays, 09h00 – 16h00, from 29 March – 7 June 2017. The Biokinetics students will join the three lectures presented by Prof Noakes. The Exercise Science students will join the Biokinetics students for The Female Athlete Triad (Lisa Micklesfield lecture) (Friday 20 April, 11h30 – 13h00, Classroom 1). Module assessment 1. Infographic Each student will prepare an infographic - the topic needs to be related to one of the lecture themes from the module that is current / topical / relevant. Information must be from a recent study (studies), systematic review or consensus statement. Depending on the topic chosen, the target audience may be as broad as “the man on the street”, or as a specific as “endurance cyclists”. We will then offer the infographics to SSISA for use on their website or other media outlets (50% of module mark). 2. Data blitz presentation Each student will present his/her infographic as a “data blitz”. This is an animated one-slide power point in which each person has 90s to present and clearly convey their message (50% of module mark). Due date: Students will do the data blitz presentations as part of the ESSM Friday Meeting, 10h30, Friday 15th June 2018. Infographics must be submitted by 11h30 on this day – upload to Vula.

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Time 29 March 12 April 19 April 26 April 3 May

09h00-10h30

Adaptation to endurance training

(Tertius Kohn)

Exercise at high altitude and

altitude training (Andrew Bosch)

Exercise in the cold

(Dale Rae)

Monitoring of high performance

athletes (Mike Posthumus)

Genetics and sports performance (Malcolm Collins)

10h30-12h00

Adaptation to resistance training

(Tertius Kohn)

Diving/ hyperbaric environment: effect

on physiological systems

(Malcolm Collins)

Periodisation and training

(Sharief Hendricks)

Hyponatraemia and hydration in

athletes (Tim Noakes)

Biokinetics students to join

The central governor

(Tim Noakes) Biokinetics

students to join

13h00-14h30

Adaptations to detraining / bed

rest / injury / space flight

(Tertius Kohn)

Exercise in the heat

(Dale Rae)

Over reaching and overtraining

(Mike Lambert)

Innovation in sport (Sharief Hendricks)

Doping in sport (Jeroen Swart)

14h30-16h00

Case study with Andrew Bosch





10 May 17 May 24 May 31 May 7 June

09h00-10h30

Maturity assessment in

youths (Mike Lambert)

Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in

athletes (Jamie Smith)

Energy balance: consequences of reduced weight maintenance

(Jacolene Kroff)

Autonomic nervous system regulation

during peak sporting

performance (Laurie Rauch)

Physical activity, gross motor

development and sedentary

behaviour in children and adolescents

(Cathy Draper)

10h30-12h00

Athlete development

models for sports participation

(Sharief Hendricks)

The diet debate (Tim Noakes)

Biokinetics students to join

Energy balance: can you outrun a

bad diet? (Vicki Lambert)

Role of ANS in wellbeing

(Laurie Rauch)

Ageing physiology: exercise and

performance in older individuals

(Dale Rae)

13h00-14h30

Talent identification and early

specialisation (Justin Durandt)

Performance on a low carb high fat

diet (Jamie Smith)

Sports-related concussion

(Caroline d'Alton)

Motor neurone disease and

exercise (Yumna Albertus)


14h30-16h00






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Research Methods and Statistics Module Convenor: Prof Mike Lambert The overall aims of this module are several-fold. Firstly, we are aiming to create a research “culture” within the group of postgraduate students. Secondly, students must learn and apply sound principles of research design, as it relates to their own research projects, and in evaluating the work of others when reviewing the scientific literature. Therefore, in conjunction with good research design, students will acquire and apply the skills of “critical appraisal”. This will equip students to use an evidence-based approach to both research and clinical decision-making. In addition, students will acquire data management skills and a working knowledge of introductory biostatistics, so that they can select and apply the appropriate biostatistical techniques to specific research questions and data sets. Finally, students will be mentored in scientific writing, such that they will be able to produce; 1) a well-structured and ethical research proposal, 2) a topical and evidence-based literature review, and 3) scholarly interpretations of data gathered and statistically analysed, in the form of an original manuscript, suitable for peer review. Learning objectives: By the end of this section of the module, students will be able to: • Consider a research question and devise a testable hypothesis and an appropriate research

design; • Scan the available scientific literature related to a specific research question or topic, using

electronic media, in a systematic way; • Critically appraise existing evidence in a systematic way; • Develop a well-structured and ethical research proposal; • Produce an evidence-based review of the literature related to their specific research question,

suitable for publication; • Acquire and apply the basic skills for acquiring data, cleaning data, and organizing data; • Apply the basic biostatistical methods required to answer the specific research questions

related to their research projects; • Interpret data which have been gathered and analyzed and produce a scholarly manuscript/s. Assessment and evaluation: Research proposal and protocol development: While it is the primary responsibility of the project supervisors to apply for and secure ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Health Sciences, each student will be expected to prepare a research proposal for their project, independently. This proposal will follow the format that would be used, if it were to be submitted to the Research Ethics Committee. This will count final 10% toward the final module mark. This is due for handing in on the 4th May or anytime before. The students will also be expected to prepare a 10 min PowerPoint or slide presentation detailing their protocol (intro, research question or hypothesis, subjects, methods, analytical strategy, implications, ethical considerations), which will count 5% toward their final module mark. This will be presented on the 20th April.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MODULE

Topic Lecturer Date Time

Introduction to the research process (including ethics, good clinical and laboratory, searching electronic databases for references)

Mike Lambert 02 Feb 08h30-10h15

Fundamentals of experimental design 1 and 2 Vicki Lambert 09 Feb 08h30-10h15

Literature reviews: narrative, systematic and meta-analyses Mike Lambert 16 Feb 08h30-10h15

Writing for research 1 Alison September 23 Feb 08h30-10h15

Writing or research 2 Alison September 02 Mar 08h30-10h15

Questionnaire Development and measurement scales and scores Sharief Hendricks 09 Mar 08h30-10h15

Defining variables 1 and 2 (testable hypotheses)

Vicki Lambert 16 Mar 08h30-10h15

Tips for proposals; written and presentation Mike Lambert 23 Mar 08h30-10h15

Students present their proposals ESSM staff and students

20 Apr 08h30-12h30

Social media and research Sharief Hendricks 04 May 08h30-10h15

Reviewing a research manuscript Mike Lambert 25 May 08h30-10h15

Measures of central tendency and variability; univariate statistics and intro to SPSS

Vicki Lambert 01 Jun 08h30-10h15

08 Jun 08h30-10h15

STATS BLOCK WEEK

Sources of error and sample size estimation, probability testing (t-tests), core, correlations and limits of agreement, analysis of variance and post-hoc testing, analysis of variance for repeated measures and covariance, measures of occurrence, frequency, association & effect/ relative risk, odds ratios, non-parametric statistics, typical error of measurement, effect sizes and smallest worthwhile changes

Vicki Lambert, Mike Lambert

23 Jul to 27 Jul

08h30 - 12h00; 13h00 - 16h00

Practical exercise TBA 17 Aug 08h30-10h15



Practical exercise TBA 07 Sep 08h30-10h15

Practical exercise TBA 21 Sep 08h30 - 10h15

RESE module open book test 25 Sep 09h00 - 13h00

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Class assignments: There will be 1 class assignment to be completed as part of the Biostatistics component of the module. This will comprise 15% of the final module mark. Research Methods and Biostatistics course outline Open book, final class test: There will be an open-book, final class test for the RESE module, which will cover aspects of research design, biostatistical principals, and interpretation of results. This is scheduled for the 25th September and will count 20% toward the final module mark. Literature review: Each student will be expected to prepare a STAND-ALONE manuscript that is suitable for publication as a review article (either narrative or systematic review), on a topic related to their research project. The literature review should be formatted in a pre-selected journal format, and will be evaluated on the extent to which it would be suitable for publication as submitted. This literature review will comprise 40% of the final module mark, and will be evaluated by at least 2 independent markers. It is due to be handed in on the 17th September. The evaluation is comprised of:

Component % of final module mark Protocol presentation oral 5% Project proposal written 10% Class assignments 15% Open Book Class test 30% Literature review 40%

The final product of this process will be an honours research project, which is assessed separately. This is discussed below.

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Research project Module convenor: Prof Mike Lambert The assessment for the project reflects the student’s ability, in consultation with their supervisors, to plan and propose a project and research methodology; to collect data with excellent quality control; to manage and analyse the results, and interpret the results of this research study in an evidence-based manner. The students’ projects will be selected from a list of available projects that will be handed out within the first several weeks of the course. Projects will be selected on the basis of suitability, and where possible, by choice. In most cases, honours projects form smaller sub-projects under a larger, postgraduate or funded study. Project “teams” will be formed consisting of staff, and senior students, who will be working with honours students on these projects. The supervisor will guide the student through the process of preparing a literature review and project proposal. The proposal will then be presented to the Unit for critical input. The data collection phase of the project should ideally be completed by the middle of October. The completed project should be handed in on Friday 9th November before 16h00. The research project will be evaluated as a written report and also in an oral presentation (Wednesday 21st November). All the skills required to conduct a successful research project will be presented in the Research Methods and Statistics module described above.

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ESSM DIVISIONAL MEETING On Friday mornings, honours students will join staff, MSc and PhD students for tea and cake from 10h00-10h30 and then a divisional meeting for about an hour (10h30 – 11h30). At this meeting, various topics are presented and discussed. The presenter will either be a student, staff member or visiting academic. This is a compulsory meeting for ALL students (Honours, MSc and PhD) and staff. Should you not be able to attend, you are to please tender apologies to Prof Vicki Lambert and Ms Kathryn van Boom (student representative for 2018).

EXAMINATIONS Final exams will consist of an oral exam (Tuesday 14 June 2018) and two 3-hour written papers. Paper 1 (Tuesday 12 June 2018) will contain questions that are designed to integrate the knowledge of ALL the work during the year, and Paper 2 (Monday 1 October 2018) will test the student’s ability to critically analyse a scientific paper. Assessment of the work of modules and laboratory techniques, exams and the research project will each constitute 25%, 15%, 25% and 35% of the final year mark, respectively. Details of how these marks are derived are shown below:

Contributions to the final marks from the tests, exams and the research project

Theory Modules 25% Fundamentals of exercise science 2.78% Research methodology 2.78% Applied exercise science series 2.78%

Thematic Module 1 2.78% Thematic Module 2 2.78% Thematic Module 3 2.78% Thematic Module 4 2.78% Thematic Module 5 2.78% Thematic Module 6 2.78% Laboratory techniques 15% Final Exams 25% Oral exam 8% Paper 1 (compressive theory exam) 12% Paper 2 (journal paper exam) 5% Research Project 35% Written report 33% Oral presentation 2%

TOTAL 100%

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CRITERIA TO PASS THE HONOURS PROGRAMME To pass the course, students must achieve a minimum of 50% for each of the following sections:-

1. Combined mark of modules and final exams 2. Laboratory techniques 3. Research project 4. Final year mark

Pass marks of 50-59%, 60-69%, 70-74% or 75% and higher will earn either third (3), lower second (2-), upper second (2+) or first class (1) degrees, respectively. Students wishing to be considered for further postgraduate study in the department should try to achieve an upper second class or first class BSc(Med)(Hons) degree. Postgraduate students with a first class BSc (Med)(Hons) degree can apply for special scholarships. Information about scholarships is available in the Postgraduate Bursary Office. Note that the closing dates of many bursary applications are before October.

TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCE MATERIALS The recommended text books, although not compulsory, are:

Exercise Physiology. Human Bioenergetics and its Applications, 4th edition, G.A. Brooks, T.D. Fahey and K.M. Baldwin, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 2005

Physiology of Sport and Exercise. W. Larry Kenney, Jack Wilmore, David Costill, Human Kinetics

The above can be found in ESSM’s Resource centre. This centre is currently situated in the Timothy Noakes Board room and we encourage you to make use of this facility. Alternatively, some reference material may be found in the UCT’s Medical Library.

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ESSM STAFF LIST NAME ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY EMAIL ADDRESS OFFICE TEL ACADEMIC STAFF Dr Yumna Albertus Senior Lecturer

• Divisional Research Committee Chair • HUB ExCo: Postgraduate Student Affairs

[email protected] 021 650 4560

A/Prof Andrew Bosch Associate Professor

• Third year Physiology course convener • Animal Ethics Committee Member • ESSM Teaching Portfolio


Prof Malcolm Collins Professor

• Head of Department (Human Biology) • Chair: FHS Health and Safety Committee • Chair: HUB ExCo


Dr Caroline D’Alton Lecturer

• Clinical Lecturer • Sport and Exercise Medicine Course

Administrator [email protected] 021 650 1528

Dr Cathi Draper Honorary Senior Researcher

• ESSM Research Portfolio • SSISA Kidz on the Move Club Convener


A/Prof Julia Goedecke Honorary Professor

• Senior Specialist Scientist, South African Medical Research Council


Dr Janine Gray Honorary Senior Lecturer

• Research Coordinator – Cricket South Africa • Biomechanics Laboratory Supervisor


Dr Tertius Kohn Senior Researcher

• Exercise Science Honours Course Convener • ESSM Teaching Portfolio Convener • ESSM Health and Safety Representative


Dr Jacolene Kroff Lecturer

• Biokinetics Course Convener • MPhil Biokinetics Programme Convener • Biokinetics Lab Supervisor


Prof Vicki Lambert Professor

• Head of Division (ESSM) • HUB ExCo: ESSM Representative


Prof Mike Lambert Professor

• Chairman Doctoral and Masters Committee (Faculty of Health Sciences)

• Deputy Dean assistant (Postgraduate Affairs) ESSM Administrative and Support Staff Convener

• ESSM Teaching Portfolio


Prof Robert Lamberts Honorary Professor

• Associate Professor – Stellenbosch [email protected] 083 898 0429

A/Prof Lisa Micklesfield Honorary Professor

• Associate Professor – WITS • DXA Lab Supervisor


Prof Tim Noakes Professor Emeritus

• Professor of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine


Dr Mike Posthumus Honorary Researcher • Sports Performance Manager – SSISA [email protected] 021 650 4573

Dr Dale Rae Senior Researcher

• UCT-SSISA Portfolio • Sleep and Metabolic Suite Supervisor • Sleep Science Director – SSISA


Dr Laurie Rauch Researcher

• Neurophysiology [email protected] 021 650 4640

A/Prof Alison September Chief Research Officer

• FHS transformation committee: deputy chair HUB EXCO: transformation and social engagement portfolio

• ESSM Human Resources Portfolio


Dr James Smith Researcher

• Exercise Physiological Suite Convener • ESSM Operations portfolio


Dr Jeroen Swart Senior Lecturer

• Sports and Exercise Medicine Course Convener • Science to Sport Cycle Lab Director – SSISA • ESSM Clinical Portfolio


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NAME ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY EMAIL ADDRESS OFFICE TEL POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH FELLOWS Dr Sharief Hendricks PhD and MSc Student Coordinator [email protected] 021 650 1528 Dr Nancy Laguette [email protected] 021 650 4567 Dr Kate Larmuth ESSM Divisional Meeting Coordinator [email protected] 021 650 4567 Dr Amy Mendham [email protected] 021 650 4567 Dr Feyi Odunitan-Wayas


Dr Kufre Okop [email protected] 021 650 4567

Dr Masouda Rahim [email protected]

021 650 4567

Dr Nic Tam [email protected] 021 650 4567 ADMINISTRATIVE, SUPPORT AND TECHNICAL STAFF Ayesha Hendricks • Academic Administrator [email protected] 021 650 3108

Neezaam Kariem

• Biochemistry Laboratory manager • IT Support • Health and Safety Representative: ESSM • Fire marshal


Trevino Larry

• Technical officer • IT Support • Health and Safety Representative: ESSM • Fire marshal


Nandi Sinyanya • Research assistant • First aider

[email protected] 021 650 4575 / 4561

Lesa Sivewright

• Operations and Financial Administration • Health and Safety Representative: ESSM • First aider • Fire marshal


Lindsay Starling • Research Assistant [email protected] 021650 4640 Hendriena Victor • Chief Technical Officer [email protected] 021 650 4566 Roger Woodruff • Research Assistant [email protected] 021 650 4640 STUDENTS Steve den Holander • Student representative [email protected] Trevor Mafu • Student representative [email protected]

Kathryn van Boom • Student representative • ESSM Divisional meeting coordinator

[email protected] [email protected]

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IMPORTANT DATES 2018

DATE DESCRIPTION

24 to 26 January Orientation week and registration

29 January to 9 February Fundamental of Exercise Science module

29 January to 21 September Research module

26 January Deadline for supervisors to submit Honours research project topics and abstracts

9 February Staff honours project proposals Information session and booklet

12 February – 23 March Techniques courses

19 February Test on Fundamentals of Exercise Science

21 March Public holiday

23 March Students to hand in project choices

26 March to 6 June Thematic module series

29 March Projects allocated to students

29 March to 7 June Applied Exercise Science series

30 March to 8 April Term 1 vacation

20 Apr Project proposal presentations

27 Apr Public holiday

4 May Project proposal hand in

12 June June written exam (Paper I)

14 June Oral exam (All coursework)

16 June – 22 July Term 2 vacation

23 July – 26 July Statistics and research design block week

08 September – 16 September Term 3 vacation

17 September Literature review hand-in

24 September Public holiday

25 September Statistics open book test

1 October Article review exam (Paper II)

9 November Research project (thesis) hand-in

21 November Research project presentations

December Graduation (TBA)

bsc (med)(hons) exercise science - university of cape...

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