b.satyanarayana (for ino collaboration) department of high energy physics tata institute of...
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B.Satyanarayana(For INO collaboration)
Department of High Energy Physics
Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchHomi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005
E-mail: [email protected]
Proposed detector and data readout system for the
India-based Neutrino Observatory(INO)
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 2
Plan of the talk• Introduction• Proposed detector• RPC basics• RPC test stand• Gas mixing and distribution system• RPC R & D results• Electronics for the prototype detector;• Thoughts for the final detector• Status and future plan
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 3
What and Why Neutrinos?• Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles of matter.• Electrically neutral and were initially thought to be mass-less.• Three types or flavors of neutrinos known.• Recent evidence indicates that neutrinos have mass and also
experience mixing among these flavors.• Neutrino oscillations can explain the discrepancy between theory
and observations about its flux.• Neutrino mass can also be indirectly estimated by detecting its
eventual oscillations.• Non-zero mass for neutrino has profound implications on fields as
varied as nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.
• Pioneering experiments at the KGF underground laboratories
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 4
B.S.Acharya, Sudeshna Banerjee, P.N.Bhat, S.R.Dugad, P.Ghosh, K.S.Gothe, S.K.Gupta, S.D.Kalmani, N. Krishnan, N. K Mondal, B.K.Nagesh , P.Nagaraj, Biswajit Paul, A.K.Ray, Probir Roy, B.Satyanarayana, S.Upadhaya, P.Verma
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai V.M.Datar, M.S.Bhatia, S.K.Kataria
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai P. Bhattacharya, S.Bhattacharya, S. Chattopadhyay, A.Ghoshal, A.Goswami K. Kar, D.Majumdar, P.B.Pal, S. Saha, M. Sharan, S.Sarkar, S.Sen
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata S. Chattopadhyay, M.R.Datta Mazumdar, P.Ghosh, G.S.N.Murthy, T.Nayak, Y.P.Viyogi
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata Amitava Raychaudhuri
Calcutta University, Kolkata M.V.N.Murthy, D.Indumathi
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai A. Datta, R.Gandhi, S.Goswami, S. Rakshit, P.Mehta
Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad S.C.Phatak, D.P.Mahapatra
IOP, BhubaneswarAmit Roy
Nuclear Science Centre, New DelhiJ.B.Singh, M.M.Gupta, V.Bhatnagar
Panjab University, Chandigarh S.D.Sharma
Himachal Pradesh University, SimlaA.Joshipura, S.Rindani
P.R.L., AhmedabadA.Bhadra,B.Ghosh,A.Mukherjee,S.K.Sarkar
North Bengal UniversityS.UmasankarIIT, Mumbai
S.K.SinghAMU
Scientific Advisors: G.Rajasekaran, Bikash Sinha, Ramnath Cowsik,V.S.Narasimham, H.S.Mani, Amit Roy
INO Collaboration
41 Experimentalists & Engineers22 Theorists
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 5
Proposed INO detector
Magnetised iron calorimeter
Iron
RP
C
140
laye
rs
• RPC dimension: 3m X 2m
• No of chambers: 11K
• No of channels: 220K
• No of TDC channels: 3K
35KTons
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 6
A passing charged particle induces an avalanche, which develops into a spark. The discharge is quenched when all of the locally ( ) available charge is consumed.
2cm 1.0r
The discharged area recharges slowly through the high-resistivity glass plates.
Before spark After spark
Signal pickup(X)
Signal pickup(Y)
GlassPlates
Graphite
Graphite
Spacer
++++++++++++++++++++
-------------------------++++++ ++++++
---------- -------
RPC principle of operation
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 7
E a c h d i s c h a r g e l o c a l l y d e a d e n s t h e R P C . T h e r e c o v e r y t i m e i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y
l
A
A
lRC
N u m e r i c a l l y t h i s i s ( M K S u n i t s )
s 2)10 x (8.85 x 4 x )10 x ( -1210
A s s u m i n g e a c h d i s c h a r g e d e a d e n s a n a r e a o f , r a t e s o f u p t o c a n b e h a n d l e d w i t h 1 % d e a d t i m e o r l e s s . T h i s i s w e l l b e l o w w h a t i s e x p e c t e d i n o u r a p p l i c a t i o n .
2Hz/m 500
2cm 1.0
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
RPC rate capability
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 8
Two 2 mm thick float GlassSeparated by 2 mm spacer
2 mm thick spacer
Glass plates
Graphite coating on the outer surfaces of glass
Signalpickup strips
RPC construction
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 9
A small area RPC prototypeGas inlet
HV terminals
Graphite coat
Gas outlet
Spacer
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 10
P1P2
P3
P4P5
P6
Glass RPC under test
Muon Trigger =654321 PPPPPP
Cosmic muon trigger and timing
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 11
RPC test setup
Cosmic muon telescope
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 12
NIM and CAMAC electronics
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 13
Telescope rate monitoring
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
220000
240000
260000
280000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Time, Hours
Tele
scop
e pa
ddel
rat
es
P1
P2
P3
P4
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 14
Schematic of gas mixing unit
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 15
Gas mixing unit
Argon
Iso-butane
R134A(Freon)
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 16
Schematic of digital gas bubble counter
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 17
Digital gas bubble counter
Temperature and RH meter
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 18
Typical RPC pulse profiles
Trigger pulse
In streamer mode of operation, pulses are large (>100 mV into 50) and fast (tr < 1ns)
X-Strip
Y-Strip
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 19
Typical RPC efficiency plot
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 20
Typical timing distribution plots
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 21
Typical time response plot
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 22
Typical time resolution plot
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 23
RPC typical charge distributions
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 24
RPC typical mean charge plot
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 25
RPC pulse height Vs timing plot
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 26
RPC typical noise rate plot
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 27
Typical cross-talk plots
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 28
Summary of cross-talk measurements
Gas Mixture Slit Size
(mm)Cross talk (%)
62:8:30 10 6.8
62:8:30 15 6.7
62:8:30 20 6.2
57:8:35 20 6.5
52:8:40 20 5.9
46:8:46 20 6.3
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 29
Gas mixtures’ study plots
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 30
Effect of water vapour in gas
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 31
Effect of water vapour in gas
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 32
Recovering a damaged RPC
• Purging with pure Argon at high flow rate.• Bubbling pure Argon through pure ethyl
alcohol.• Bubbling pure Argon through 25% Ammonia
solution for 24 hours without electric field.• Recovers efficiency and brings down noise rate.• Detail studies underway.
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 33
RPC recovery plots
No of hours of gas flow
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 34
New RPC test setup
8020 Sections
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 35
INO prototype detector• Detector and signal specifications
– Detector dimensions: 1m X 1m X 1m – 14 layers of RPCs with 6cm iron plates interleaved.– Two signal planes orthogonal to each other and each having 32 pick-up strips– Total channels = 32 X 14 X 2 = 896– Pulse height = 100 to 300mV; Rise time = < 1 ns– Pulse width = ~50ns; Rate ~ 1KHz
• Trigger information– Expected trigger rate is few Hz– Required Trigger logic is m X n fold, where – m = 1 to 4; no. of consecutive channels in a layer – n = 5 to 1; no. of consecutive layers with m fold in each layer – ie m x n = (1 x 5) OR (2 x 4) OR (3 x 3) OR (4 x 2)
• Information to be recorded on a trigger – Absolute arrival time of the trigger – Track identification (XYZ points in RPC layers)– Direction of track ( TDC information)– Miscellaneous information and calibration data
• Monitoring health of the detector
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 36
Readout scheme for prototype X-plane RTC Y Final X Trigger TDC Event Scalers
FEE Control Logic Read Data &
Monitor Monitor Scalers CAMAC Controller
LAN
PC (LINUX)
CAMAC
1 2 8 9 10 14
1 2 8 9 10 14
Front End Electronics
Trig & TDC Router
Y-p
lane
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 37
32-channel front-end module 1 2 3 ……………………………………………………………32
Threshold
Mon SI
Mon SO
Addr & Control
Event Trig
Eve SI Eve SO
FPGA
32 ECL Comparators
Trigger 0 Logic (ECL)
&
Timing signal
Trigger 1 M fold Logic
( CPLD )
Level Translator & Wave shaper (32+8)
SHIFT REGISTER ( 48 bit )
Board ID (SW8)
Monitor
MUX unit ( 40 : 1 )
Module Selection
LV
DS
EVE (SW4) MON(SW4)
Counter
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 38
Prototype detector trigger logic
Front End Electronics X-Plane Y-Plane Level-0
Level 1 S1….S8 S1…S8 S1…S8
1F,2F……4F 1F,2F……4F 1F,2F……4F 1F,2F……4F (LVDS interface)
Level-2 ( Back end )
F1(14)…………..F4(14) F1(14)…………..F4(14) (
OR
L1P1
(mF)
L14P1
(mF) L14P2
(mF) L1P2
(mF)
P1 (m x n fold)
P2 (m x n fold)
Final Trigger
S1=1+9+17+25 S2=2+10+18+26 ………. S8=8+16+24+32
Trigger & TDC signals Router
Trigger & TDC signals Router
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 39
Readout scheme for final detectorThe keywords are channel count and fast timing
B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai NSNI-2004, Kalpakkam, February 17-20, 2004 40
Current status and future plan• Production and study of small area RPCs successful
• Detailed study of effect of water vapour in gas
• Repeatability of results and long term stability of RPC
• Study of pickup strip materials and geometries
• Production of prototype chambers (4 ft X 3 ft)
• Gas mixing and distribution system for the prototype detector
• Prototype electronics finalised
• Production of circuit boards and other components in progress
• Initial thoughts given on final electronics and DAQ schemes
• Cooperative VLSI and ASIC development programmes explored