bs-003 ecobiological review of neolissochilus...
TRANSCRIPT
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
Universitas Negeri Medan 39 The Character Building University
BS-003
ECOBIOLOGICAL REVIEW OF Neolissochilus sumatranus (IKAN BATAK) (Weber and de Beaufort, 1916) IN ASAHAN RIVER, NORTH SUMATERA
Ternala Alexander Barus1*, Hesti Wahyuningsih1, Eva Marlina Ginting2, and Charles PH
Simanjuntak3 1Departemen Biologi, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
2Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA-UNIMED,
3Fakultas Perikanan
dan Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor 1Jl. Bioteknologi 1, Kampus USU Medan – 20155
*E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber and de Beaufort, 1916), also known as jurung rock and Batak fish by Batak society is one of the endemic biological resources in North Sumatra freshwater, particularly in some of the rivers around the Asahan river and Lake Toba. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the habitat to be preferences for expansion, breeding and protection of N.sumatranus fish around the Asahan River. The benefit of this study is to provide basic information important to the management and utilization of endangered endemic N. sumatranus fish through habitat conservation and domestication to preserve fish in the Asahan river. The results showed that types of Neolissochilus sumatranus fish growth is a positive and negative allomatric.
Keywords: Ecobiology, fish, river, conservation.
INTRODUCTION
Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber and de Beaufort, 1916), also known as jurung rock
and Batak fish by Batak society is one of the endemic biological resources in North Sumatra
freshwater, particularly in some of the rivers around the Asahan river and Lake Toba. This
species has potential as consumption fish, particularly for ceremonies, medicinal and have the
historical and cultural meaning among Batak society. In addition, these fish actually has
potential as ornamental fish associated with the color of her bright, agile and relatively small
size.
The existence of a group of Neolissochilus fish (Neolissochilus thienemanni, N.
sumatranus, N. longipinnis) are only found in North Sumatra (Kottelat et al, 1993), is currently
have quite a lot of pressure and the ecological status is endangered (vurnerable) (IUCN, 2006 ,
WCMC, 2006). Even based on the previous survey in late 2011 to early 2012 in the area of
Lake Toba, Asahan River and surrounding areas, Neolissochilus longipinnis fish and
Neolissochilus thienemanni had not been found anymore while information on the ecology and
biology of these three species have not been disclosed. The purpose of this study was to
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency
Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
40 Universitas Negeri Medan The Character Building University
analyze the characteristics of the habitat to be preference for enlargement, spawning and
protection of N. sumatranus fish around the Asahan River.
Figure 1. Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916).
METHODOLOGY
The method used in this research is descriptive to identify the characteristics of the N.
sumatranus habitat, food and fish growth. This research was conducted at 4 observation
stations in Asahan River system, ie (Figures 2 and 3):
Station 1: Baturangin River (N 02033’06,6”; E 099018’53,7”),
Station 2: Tangga (N 02033’34,3”; E 099018’36,7”)
Station 3: Parhitean (N 02033’53,0”; E 099020’5,9”)
Station 4: Hula Huli (N 02033’58,0”; E 099022’1,3”)
Measured variables, ie: (a) the abundance of plankton, (b) the number of N. sumatranus
fish; (c) body length (standard length); (d) the weight of the body; and (e) of fish food habits
(Umaly and Cuvin, 1988). Further analysis of the relationship of fish length and weight using the
formula: W = a Lb (W = fish weight (gr), L = fish total length (cm), a and b = constant).
If value b = 3 then fish growth is isometric (good), b > 3 or b < 3, then fish growth is
allometrict (not good) because the growth in length and weight are not proportional
Figure 2. Map of Sampling Location
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
Universitas Negeri Medan 41 The Character Building University
Baturangin Tangga
Figure 3. Sampling Location Visual
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Asahan River Habitat Characteristics. Asahan river flow which is the outlet of Lake
Toba water flowing from a height of 905 m above sea level in the ecosystem of Lake Toba
along the mainland profile that fluctuates and reaches a height of about 200-400 m above sea
level in the vicinity of the study. As a result of the steepness of the river flow has caused the
Asahan river torrent, with a rocky substrate with different size variations. In addition to the main
flow of the Asahan river, found many creeks that empty into the Asahan river are sourced from
the surrounding catchment area. Overall the overview is the catchment area is an area with very
dense vegetation cover, although in some small part has been converted into agricultural land
population. The upper and middle sections of the river in the research area are dominated by
rapids but in the lower section These are interrupted by sections of calmer water and deep
pools or 'lubuks'
The water body is characterize by rocky pools with rapid flow and broken water. In
general water is clear, rapid flow, rough broken water, and rocky swirls at edges. Significant
sediment carried 2-3 cubics flow over rocks/pools. Mostly shallow, with broken water.
CPUE. Relative density of fish species at every sampling site is determined by the CPUE
value. The fish CPUE is the number of individuals of fish species caught using the electrofishing
device in 30 minutes at each station within the defined area. The complete CPUE data for every
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency
Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
42 Universitas Negeri Medan The Character Building University
fish species is provided in Table 2. For comparison reasons the numbers are calculated to
individuals caught per hour (Scottish Fisheries Co-Ordination Centre, SFCC, 2007).
From the calculation results showed that the highest number of catches is at station 2 the
number 31 ind. / Hr. The number of many fish populations will provide opportunities CPUE
values become higher.
Table 2. Fish Catch Result (Catch per Unit Effort =CPUE)
Species Number of individu CPUE (ind./hr) Mean CPUE (g/hr)
Station 1 7 7 236,1 Station 2 31 31 393,9 Station 3 1 1 41,7 Station 4 2 2 140,3
Fish Length and Weight. From the results of the study during the two period of
observation data showed the average weight length of the fish as shown in Table 3. The
number of N. sumatranus fish caught is different at each station. Highest number of catches
obtained at station 2 (62 animals) and the least at 3 stations (one-fish).
Tabel 3. Length and Weight Measurement Data of Batak Fish (N. sumatranus)
Station Number of Fish Individu (piece) Average Total Length (cm) Average Weight (gram)
1 13 14,333 35,575 2 62 9,738 12,662 3 1 16 41,7 4 2 25,65 70,15
The results of measurements of the average total length of the fish ranged from 9,738 –
25,65 cm, while the average weight ranged from 12,662 – 70,15 grams. The average value of
the total length and average weight at stations 3 and 4 do not describe the actual conditions
because both stations only obtained 1 and 2 fish. To see the actual state of fish length and
weight, can be seen in the results of measurements for station 2 with the highest number of
individuals. At station 2, the average value of total length is 9,738 cm and the average weight is
12,662 grams. From the number of individuals fish caught can be seen that the optimal habitat
conditions for N. sumatranus fish growth is at station 2. The flow of the river water at station 2
(Tangga) were from Station 1 (Baturangin) whose position is on the upstream side of the Station
2. From the measurement of physics chemical factor then alleged that the current speed factor
holds an important role in supporting N. sumatranus fish populations in this station 2. Station 2
has the highest flow rate compared to other observation stations. Generally jurung fish groups
live in habitats with a high flow rate. Based on the sex, the female fish caught more than males,
both in the observation period I and period II.
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
Universitas Negeri Medan 43 The Character Building University
Fish Length Weight Relationship. From the analysis of the fish weight length
relationship then obtained a regression equation as shown in Figure 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows
the weight length relationships of the fish in station 1 by the equation W = 0.009 L3,059 (b> 3,
positive allometric), while Figure 5 is a weight length relationship of the fish at station 2 with the
equation W = 0.022 L2,998 (b <3, negative allometric). The results of this analysis showed that
at stations 1 and 2 N. sumatranus fish growth patterns is less ideal, meaning that the length and
weight of each individual fish is slightly unbalanced. From the literature it is known that fish
length and weight relationships are not always remain fixed, even in the same species. The
pattern of growth is strongly influenced by the condition of fish habitat, especially for fish that live
in fast-flowing waters generally have a low b value (b <3), while the fish live of calm waters will
result in a high b value. This is related to the allocation of energy expended for movement and
growth (Rahardjo, 2007).
equation : W = 0,009L3,059
b = 3,059 (positive allometric)
Figure 4. N. Sumatranus Fish Length Weight Relationship at Station 1.
equation : W = 0,022L2,998
b = 2,998 (negative allometric)
y = 0,0093x3,0594 R² = 0,9815
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25
Ber
at ik
an (
Gra
m)
Panjang Total (cm)
Stasiun I
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency
Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
44 Universitas Negeri Medan The Character Building University
Figure 5. N. Sumatranus Fish Length Weight Relationship at Station 2.
Food habits. Based on the analysis of the food habits of fish, obtained by the types food
consumed by Batak fish (Neolissochilus sumatranus) as shown in Figure 6 and 7. Figure 6
shows that the main food of Batak fish on the observation period I was Cymbela, Navicula and
Surirella, whereas in the period II (Figure 7), the main food is Navicula, Surirella and Nitzschia.
In general, the spectrum of food types of other jurung fish of freshwater systems are very
varied and almost likes most types of phytoplankton are available in these waters (Natarajan
and Jhingran, 1961).
Figure 6. Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type in Period I.
y = 0,0226x2,9989 R² = 0,9792
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 5 10 15
Ber
at ik
an (
Gra
m)
Panjang Total (cm)
Stasiun II
45%
19%
18%
7% 7% 4%
Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type
Cymbela
Navicula
Surirella
Calones
Nitzschia
Cosmarium
9%
48% 18% 8% 11% 6%
Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type
Cymbela
Navicula
Surirella
Calones
Nitzschia
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
The Center of Excellency Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6
Universitas Negeri Medan 45 The Character Building University
Figure 7. Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type in Period II. CONCLUSION
• The number of fish caught is highest at Station 2 (Tangga Station)
• Patterns of N. sumatranus fish growth is allometric positive and negative, depending on the
suitability of the habitat to its growth pattern
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
My thanks go to the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture, and the Rector of the University of North Sumatra through the University of North Sumatra DIPA that has funded this research through the Higher Education Competitive Research activities for Fiscal Year 2014.
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Natarajan AV., and Jhingran AG. 1961. Index of preponderance- a method of grading the food elements in the stomach analysis of fishes. Indian J. Fish. 8 (1): 54- 59
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