bryne hadnott path 202 native americans of the mojave desert source: flickr
Post on 19-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
Paleo-Indians Timeline
Lake Mojave Complex : about 10,000 to 5,000 B.C.
Pinto Period: 5,000 to 2,000 B.C.
Gypsum Period: 2,000 B.C. to 500 A.D.
Saratoga Springs Period: 500 A.D. to 1200 A.D.
Shoshonean Period: 1200 A.D. to 1500s
Paleo-Indians and Climate Change
Wisconsin Glaciation: ranged from 100,000 to 10,000 years ago Provided a moist, biological productive period for
Paleo-Indians Coincides with the Lake Mojave Complex period
Pinto Period corresponds with an interglacial period Coincides with the Holocene interglacial period
Shoshonean Period corresponds with Little Ice Age
Paleo-Indians and Rock Art
Rock Art has 2 types:o Petroglyphs and Pictographs
o Petroglyphs are carved into the surface of a rock
o Pictographs are painted onto the rock’s surface
Native American Tribes of the Mojave Desert
Cahuillao Southern Mojave Desert, range from San Bernadino
Basin, San Jacinto Mountains, and Coachella Valley Chemehuevio Range from lower Colorado River to Death Valley and
west to Providence Mountains Kawaiisuo Inhabited the Techachapi area, southeast of
Bakersfield, CA Serranoo Territory included all of San Bernadino Range to San
Gabriel Mountains and east to 29 Palms
Native American Tribes of the Mojave Desert
Timbisha Shoshone, Western Shoshoneo Reside in what is now Death Valley National Park
Vanyume Indianso Lived along the Mojave River
Kitanemuk Indianso Lived in the Techachapi Mountains and the west
edge of Antelope Valley Northern Paiute and Southern Paiute
o Northern lived in Owens Valley during the wintero Southern lived in Las Vegas Valley
Native American Tribes of the Mojave Desert
Tataviamo Lived near the west San Gabriel Mountains
Yokutso Occupy most of the San Joaquin Valley and lower
foothills of the Sierra Nevada Western Mono
o Occupy the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada
Humble Beginnings
Chaos became Earth and Sky, which gave birth to the Great Spirit Matavilya
People were born from “Avi kwa’ ame”, The Great Mountaino “The People” were called the Aha Macav or the
‘people who live along the water’ Little Brother Mastamho succeeded
Matavilya and created:o Rivero Mountainso Also taught the people how to hunt, fish, create fire
www.archives.gov
“Two Mohave braves dressed in loincloths”
Photographed by Timothy O'Sullivan, 1871. American Indian Select List number 136.
Rapid Advancement
Spread into 3 groups: Mathy Iyathum, resided in Black Canyon to the south
of Mojave Valley
Hutto-pah resided in the central Mojave Valley
Kavi Iyathum lived in an area from south Mojave Valley to Needles Peaks
Centered life around the river, relied on annual overflow to irrigate crops
First Encounters
First appear in written record of a Spanish expedition led by Juan de Onate in 1604
o Spaniards were seeking the “Southern Sea” Canadian trappers began scouting the
western portion of the Colorado River in the mid 1800s
United States acquired the Southwest from Mexico in 1848
o First expedition sent westward by Captain Lorenzo Sitegraves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Bloody Battles
Rose-Bailey Partyo Mojave attacked the Rose party on August 30, 1858o Rose party had violated the Mojave Native Americans’
propertyOatman Massacre
o Royce and Mary Oatman were traveling alone with their 7 children
o Originally traveled with James C. Brewster, member of the Church of Latter-Day Saints
o Children Mary Ann and Olive were captured, Lorenzo left for dead
Photo of Olive Oatman with traditional Mojave chin tattoos.
Book was written by Brian McGinty and published in 2005
Miners and Mormons
Earliest recorded gold discovery was at Salt Springs in San Bernardino County in 1848
In 1849, a party of Mormons led by Jefferson Hunt discovered a quartz quarry
1863, Amargosa Gold and Silver Mining of San Francisco acquired mines at Salt Springs
1872, McKinzie Mining District was created, covered Hesperia to Barstow and east to Rodman Mountains
Reservations
1865, the Colorado River Indian Reservation was established by U.S. Congresso About 800 Mojave Indians transferred there In 1890, Fort Mojave was given to the Bureau
of Indian Affairso A military-style boading school was founded here
After WWII, Bureau of Indian Affairs created Ordinance Number Fiveo Divided the CRIR reservation into a Southern
reservation for the Walapai, Hopi, Apache, Zuni, Papago, Havasupai, and Quechan and Northern Reservation for other tribal members
A Little Bit of Retribution
“In 1994, Congress enacted the California Desert Protection Act, P.L. 103-433, including Section 705(b), which addresses the need of the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe for a recognized land base in the California Desert.”
Sources
http://mojavedesert.net/mojave-desert-indians/
http://www.nps.gov/mojahttp://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/p
roc01/professional/papers/pap641/p641.htmhttp://www.flickr.comhttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1272/is
_2730_134/ai_n26792232/http://www.epa.gov/region09/air/maps/ca_trib
e.htmlhttp://www.mip.berkeley.edu/cilc_images/bibs
/maps/tribemap.gif