brushless dc electric motor
DESCRIPTION
Difference between BLDC motors and BDC motorsTRANSCRIPT
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Brushless DC electric motor
卡帝諾
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General Definition• BLDC motors are synchronous motors that are powered by a DC electric
source via an integrated inverter/switching power supply, which produces an AC electric signal to drive the motor
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Types of Construction
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Inrunner (Conventional)• Rotational core is within the motor’s can.
• Permanent Magnets are part of the rotor and there are 3 stator windings surround it.
• They can run up as high as 11000 RPM per volt.
• No torque
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Outrunner• the stator coils form the
center (core) of the motor, while the permanent magnets spin within an overhanging rotor which surrounds the core.
• Spins slower, but has greater torque than Inrunner
• Typically has more poles
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The flat or axial flux type
• uses stator and rotor plates, mounted face to face
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Physical RepresentationBrushed vs Brushless
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Brushed(SERIE WOUND FORKLIFT MOTOR)
DRIVE SHAFT
ELECTROMAGNET
COMMUTATOR
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COIL
BRUSH
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CHECK HOW STATOR IS
MAGNETIZED
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• AFTER CHECKING THE STRATORFIELD, WE DETERMINE THATTHERE ARE 2 POLES (NORTH ANDSOUTH)
WHEN THE ROTOR IS
INTRODUCED, THE FLUX
WILL BEND BECAUSE THE
ROTOR HAS HIGHER
MAGNETIC
PERMEABILITY THAN AIR.
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WHEN THE COMUTATOR IS
INTRODUCED AN ELECTRIC
CURRENT FLOWS BUILDING A
SECOND MAGNETIC FIELD
AROUND THE ROTOR
CURRENT WILL FLOW
THROUGH ALL 3 COILS, YET
ONE COIL WILL ALWAYS BE
CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO
THE CURRENT HENCE
GIVING THE ROTATING
MOTION.
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Brushless(CD ROM MOTOR)
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WE CAN OBSERVE THAT WE
HAVE 2 WINDINGS.
A PAIR OF WINDINGS ARE
CONNECTED TO PLUS POLE
VOLTAGE SOURCE Vcc, WHILE THE
OTHER PAIR OF WINDINGS ARE
CONNECTED TO GROUND VIA 2
ELECTRONIC SWITCHES
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ONE SWITCH IS CLOSED
TO GENERATE A STATOR
FIELD. THE TWO FIELDS
TRY TO ALIGN AND THEY
START SPINNING.
THEN THE SWITCH CLOSES AND
THE OTHER OPENS GENERATING A
SECOND FIELD, HENCE IT KEEPS
THE SPINNING. A HALL EFFECT
SENSOR CAN BE INTEGRATED.
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Function of MCU in BLDC motor
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PID Regulation
• The ATmega32M1 microcontroller controls the speed through a PID corrector.
• 3 Main coefficients:
KP: Motor Response Time
KI: Cancels the static error.
KD: position regulator
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Conclusion
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Brushed• PROS
• inexpensive and reliable
• simple control or no control at all in fixed-speed designs.
• CONS
• require periodic maintenance
• brush friction increases and viable torque decreases. (Not in the case of toothbrush)
• inadequate heat dissipation caused by the rotor limitations
• high rotor inertia
• low speed range
• electromagnetic interference
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Brushless• PROS
• more accurate in positioning apps
• require less and sometimes no maintenance
• speed/torque
• no power loss across brushes
• high output power
• small size
• better heat dissipation
• higher speed ranges
• low-noise operation.
• CONS
• higher cost of construction
• Complex and expensive control strategies
• require a controller that can cost almost as much as if not more than the BLDC motor it governs
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• In general I would conclude the following:
BLDC motors should not be used for every product. A perfect example are toy robots targeting youngsters. It will be just a waste of money.
BLDC motors should be used for computer hard drives, mechanical-based media players, electronic-component cooling fans, cordless power tools, HVAC and refrigeration, industrial and manufacturing systems, and direct-drive turntables.
As an automobile enthusiast, I am eager to see the use of BLDC engines on HEV cars. I believe that by improving the torque, heat dissipation, electromagnetic interference, and high rotor inertia, a HEV will have the same power as a fuel vehicle.
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Bibliography• Peng Zhang. Industrial Control Technology: A Handbook for Engineers and
Researchers.
• AVR194: Brushless DC Motor by ATMEL
• Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Fundamentals by Padmaraja Yedamale, Microchip Technology Inc.
• DIY Electric Car: 04 DC Motor Basics by Benjamin Nelson
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1-klL3B9LU