Student Name- Tushar SinghBranch- Electrical Engineering Roll no.- 1473920008College – JRE Group Of Institutions

Mega structure : Burj Khalifa

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The Mega Structure:Burj khalifa

What are skyscrapers ?A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was originally used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors but now describes one of at least 40-50 floors.

Content

Introduction

Idea

Load of tower

Structural system

Cladding

Interior

Some facts

Introduction

Location

Down-town DubaiUnited Arab

Emirates

Introduction

Specification

Height: 828 m; Number of floors: 160+

Area of Tower: 280,000 sq.m residential and office space and a Giorgio Armani Hotel

Total area: Tower+ Podium: 465,000 sq.m area

Concrete used : 250,000 cu.m (weight of 110,000 elephants)

Steel rebars: 39,000 tonnes (laid end to end this would extend over a quarter of the way around the world)

Curtain walls: 83,600 sq.m of glass and 27,900 sq.m of metal (equivalent of 17 soccer fields)

Total project cost is estimated to be aroundUS$20 billion, out of which the tower itself will cost $ 4.2 billion.

Taken 22 million man-hours to construct.

The total weight of aluminum used on Burj Khalifa is equivalent to that of five A380 aircraft and the total length of stainless steel bull nose fins is 293 times the height of Eiffel Tower in Paris.

Introduction

Shape of the tower

Introduction

Design inspiration

The architecture features a triple-lobed footprint, an abstraction of a desert flower named Hymenocallis.

Twenty-six helical levels decrease the cross section of the tower incrementally as it spirals skyward.

Idea behind

Reportedly based on Government decision to diversity from oil based economy to service and

tourism oriented.

Layout

Graded spiral of building

1.The three wings2.Y shape3.The central core

Curves and Cuts in building

The advantages of the tower shape

design

The advantages of the tower shape

design

Foundation : The modular, Y-shaped structure, with setbacks along each of its three wings provides an inherently stable configuration for the structure and provides good floor plates for residential.

Usage : The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light.

Nature : Gradient spiral design hinders the swirling wind .

Structural System Material

Structural System Material

Structural material : Concrete , SteelStructural System : Buttressed Core

Concrete structure Mat foundation

Steel structure from level 156 to the

top

The consideration loads on the tower

Gravity Load Management

Gravity Load Management

The limitations on the wall thicknesses (500-600mm) of the center core and the wing walls thickness (600mm) allowed, art of working with concrete, the gravity load to flow freely into the center corridor Spine web walls (650mm) to the hammer head walls and nose columns for maximum resistance to lateral loads.

Wind Load

Several wind engineering techniques were employed into the design of the tower to control the dynamic response of the tower under wind loading by disorganizing the vortex shedding formation (frequency and direction) along the building height and tuning the dynamic characteristics of the building to improve its dynamic behavior and to prevent lock-in vibration.

Wind Load

Over 40 wind tunnel tests were conducted on Burj Dubai to examine the effects the wind would have on the tower and its occupants

Structural System Material

Dubai outside the scope of the seismic activity .Liquefaction analysis of Burj Khalifa soil showed that it is not a problemBurj Khalifa is located in Dubai, which is a UBC97 Zone 2a seismic region (with a seismic zone factor Z = 0.15 and soil profile Sc).Thus Earthquake loads did not govern the concrete tower design (wind loads govern) but it does govern the design of the steel spire above the concrete tower.

Earthquake Analysis

Cladding

Cladding

Cladding system : curtain wall

Cladding material : Stainless Steel

Cladding

The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective glazing with aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels and stainless steel vertical tubular fins.

Close to 26,000 glass panels, each individually hand-cut, were used in the exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa.

Over 300 cladding specialists from China were brought in for the cladding work on the tower.

Cladding Pressure

2.0 kpa+-2.5 kpa3.0 kpa

4.0 kpa4.5 kpa

3.5 kpa

4.5 kpa

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Tower test mock-up dynamic test for water penetration

Cladding Pressure

A 1:500 scale cladding pressure taps . The model was placed on a turntable in the

wind tunnel. The tunnel was configured with the existing

surrounding buildings , then the tunnel was configured with the surrounding buildings of the future development in place.

Measurements were taken for 36 wind direction spaced 10 degrees apart .

The measured data is converted into pressure coefficients based on the measured mean dynamic pressure of the wind above the boundary layer .

Interior Finishes

the Chicago Office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP and was led by award-winning

designer Nada Andric

Inspired by local cultural while staying mindful of the building's status as a

global icon and residence

Some facts..

The name is after Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan - the president of the United Arab Emirates

and the ruler of the neighboring Emirate of

Abu Dhabi

Burj Khalifa can accommodate up to 35,000 people at any

one time. A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed. The elevators have

capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest rising and

descending at up to 10 m/s (33 ft./s) for double deck elevators. The double deck elevators are equipped with entertainment features such as LCD displays to serve visitors during their

travel to the observation deck. The building has 2,909 stairs from the ground to the 160th

floor

MOHAMED ALLABAR IS THE CHAIRMAN OF BURJ KHALIFA

Architect : Adrian smith Structural engineer : Bill Baker

ConstructionSamsung Engineering & construction built the tower in a joint venture with Besix from

Belgium and Arabtec from UAE

BURJ KHALIFA FOUNTAIN

Outside, WET Enterprises designed a fountain system at a cost of Dh 800 million (US$217 million).

Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 50 coloured projectors, it is 275 m (902 ft) long and shoots

water 150 m (490 ft) into the air, accompanied by a range of classical to contemporary Arabic and

world music. On 26 October 2008, Emaar announced that based on results of a naming

contest the fountain would be called the Dubai Fountain.

• Tallest existing structure : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft )

• Tallest structure ever built : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft)

• Tallest freestanding structure : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft)

• Building with the most floors : 163 • building with world’s highest occupied floor• World’s highest elevator installation • World’s longest travel distance elevators :

504 m• World’s tallest structure that includes

residential space

Record

World’s highest installation of an aluminum and glass facade : 512 m

Record

World’s highest nightclub : 144th floor

Record

• World’s highest restaurant : 122nd floor at 444m

Record

World’s highest New Year display of fireworks.

Record

Record World’s second highest swimming poll : 76th floor (worlds highest swimming pool is located on 118th floor of Ritz-Carlton hotel at International commerce center, Hong Kong).

Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft) (previously Taipei 101 449.2 m (1,474 ft))

Record

On 28 March 2011, Alain Robert scaled the outside of Burj Khalifa. The climb to the top of the spire took six hours. To comply with UAE safety laws Robert, who usually climbs in free solo style, took the unusual step of using a rope and harness for the climb

Record

SHOOTING AT BURJ KHALIFA

‘Mission impossible’ movie shooting

Pictures of Construction

Pictures after Construction

Conclusion

Here we come to know that BURJ KHALIFA is a business, demography, economics, mathematics, organization, marketing, accounting and so on subjects which we learn..It is a business of attraction, entertainment, fun, happiness given by them to us..

THANKZ FOR WATCHING MY PRESENTATION..I HOPE YOU ALL ENJOYED THE PRESENTATION………AND HOPE THAT YOU HAD FUN IN THE TOUR OF BURJ KHALIFA THE WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDING..AND I HOPE THAT WE ALL VISIT THERE SOON..

Validating the Structural Behavior and Response of Burj Khalifa :Synopsis of the Full Scale Structural Health Monitoring Programs ………………… Ahmad Abdelrazaq / Executive Vice President, Highrise & Complex Building, Samsung C & T, Seoul, Korea

Burj Khalifa Tower , Wind Tunnel Testing of Cladding and Pedestrian Level …………. Peter A. Irwin, William F. Baker, Stan Korista, Peter A. Weismantle, and Lawrence C. Novak

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates…………… Edward Mak Structural Engineering of World’s Tallest Building Burj Khalifa (Dubai) …………

PDHengineer.com WIND ISSUES IN THE DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS…………….. Peter A. Irwin / Los

Angeles Tall Building Structural Design Council May 7, 2010 Burj Dubai 400m high hoists, and rising…………………. ACCESS INTERNATIONAL /

January-February 2007 Brief on the Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project………….. Ahmad

Abdelrazaq / Executive Vice President, Highrise Building Team, Samsung Engineering & Construction

BURJ KHALIFA, WORLD.S TALLEST STRUCTURE……… Dr.N.Subramanian / Consulting Structural Engineer, Maryland, U.S.A.

http://www.archinomy.com www.burjkhalifa.ae http://archrecord.construction.com http://www.skyscraperlist.com http://www.sayedsaad.com

References