bruce murray weeds talk 2009

8/2/2019 Bruce Murray Weeds Talk 2009

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Top Weed Concerns of 2008 andEmerging Weed Issues in 2009

Bruce MurrayWeed SpecialistMAFRICarman MB


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Growing Conditions 2008


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Growing Conditions 2008


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Outstanding Weed Issues in 2008 It Depends

Where

When Lack of pre-seed season meant heavier weedpopulations to deal with in-crop and a slower

growing, less competitive crop early in the season. There were no real dominant weed issues. Product shortages

Edge Group 1 graminicides Reglone

Bromes continue to appear Get to know them


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Weeds/Issues in 2009??? Northern Interlake

Wet weeds Curl Dock Thistles Dandelion Ditch weeds

Heavy weed pressures All weeds Volunteer crops

Poor forage stands (flooding) Opportunity for heavy weed pressures


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Weeds/Issues in 2009??? Southwest

Drought weeds Kochia Russian thistle

Foxtail barley Green foxtail Heavy weed pressures

Lack of crop competition All weeds present Poor forage stands (drought)

Opportunity for heavy weed pressures


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Weeds/Issues in 2009??? The rest of the Province

Pretty average conditions except for pre-seedseason

Canada thistle was high??? Dandelion was high??? Crops were sprayed (in crop, less pre-seed activity) Pretty good pre-harvest and post-harvest conditions

Need to increase post-harvest scouting Dandelion Foxtail Night flowering catchfly

Cleavers Bromes Volunteer canola populations will be heavy

Heavy shattering (in the swath and standing crop inAugust) Overwintering issues this year???


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Weed Species To Keep An Eye On ?


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Nightshades


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Nightshades Belong to family Solanacea (more than

3000 species) Make up the Solanum genus

The genus Solanum is of worldwideeconomic importance, including major cropspecies such as the potato (Solanumtuberosum), the tomato (Solanumlycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanummelongena).


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Nightshades There are a number of weedy

nightshade species There is a great deal of confusion with

regards to their identity and naming. A number of nightshade species are called black

nightshade or wild tomato or wild potato

In Manitoba there is one species that hasbeen with us a long time. Cutleaf nightshade/wild tomato


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Cutleaf nightshade Wild tomato (Solanum triflorum )

Widely distributed throughout North America

Found throughout Manitoba Mainly in the southwest area of the province Not a major weed


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New Nightshades Why

Increasing production of dry bean, soybean and potato

Increasing acreage of minimum tillage We have been getting a jump in calls on eastern blackand hairy nightshades


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Hairy Nightshade Solanum sarrachoides Annual Plant growth begins in early summer 12 to 24 inches tall Foliage is spreading, hairy, and may feel sticky Flowers have 5 white petals with yellow centers Develops into a green fruit/berry containing very

small seeds Each berry is enclosed by a green calyx The calyx cups the lower half of the fruit It is found in waste places and cultivated fields

Soybean, dry beans and potato in Manitoba mainly

Contains toxic alkaloids, especially in the berries


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Hairy Nightshade


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Hairy Nightshade


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Hairy Nightshade


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Hairy Nightshade


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Eastern Black Nightshade Solanum ptychanthum ??? Annual

Plant growth begins in early summer 12 to 24 inches tall Foliage is spreading and smooth

Flowers have 5 white petals with yellow centers Develops into a black fruit/berry containing smallseeds

Each berry is enclosed by a green calyx The calyx does not cup the lower half of the fruit It is found in waste places and cultivated fields

Soybean, dry beans and potato in Manitoba mainly Contains toxic alkaloids, especially in the berries


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Eastern Black Nightshade


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Which is Which


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Products Registered for Nightshade Control in Western Canada

Product AmericanNightshade

CutleafNightshade

HairyNightshade

Eastern BlackNightshade

BasagranBattalionBromoxynil

Bromox + 2,4-DBromox + MCPADual II MagnumEclipse II

Edge S S S SEptam 8=EEradicaneGlyphosateLiberty 200 SNOptionPrimextra II MagnumPursuitReflex + BasagranShotgun

P d t R ti f Ni ht h d C t l i N th D k t


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Products Ratings for Nightshade Control in North DakotaApplications rates and formulations may vary from Canadian product labels

PRODUCT Eastern BlackNightshade HairyNightshadeATRAZINE G-E G-EEPTC F FMETRIBUZIN P PPURSUIT E EEDGE (Ethalfluralin) P P

AUTHORITY (Spartan) E F-GCARFENTRAZONE(CLEANSTART constituent)

G G

BASAGRAN N F-GSOLO (Beyond, Raptor) E EBromoxynil containing products(Buctril, Thumper, Pardner)

E E

LONTREL E EDICAMBA E E


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PRODUCT Eastern BlackNightshade HairyNightshadeEVEREST E -GLYPHOSATE P-G P-GLIBERTY G-E G-EMCPA P-F P-FOPTION E E

PARAQUAT G-E G-EREFLEX (MUCH HIGHER RATE) G PATTAIN (Starane+2,4-D) F-G F-GTROPHY (Starane +MCPA) F FPINNACLE N NREFINE SG/EXTRA F-G F-GEXPRESS F-G -EXPRESS PACK F-G F-G2,4-D P-F P-F


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Lance-leaf Sage

(mint weed, rocky mountain sage, blue sage) Salvia reflexa (mint family). Native annual. Plant growth begins in early spring 4 to 28 inches tall. Cotyledons are very unique (Trapazoid) Stems are square, erect, spreading and smooth to

hairy in appearance. Leaves are opposite, lance shaped, up to 2 inches long

and an inch wide, with toothed to entire margins. Foliage is spreading, leaves are smooth on top, and

smooth to hairy on bottom When crushed the leaves have a very strong mint

aroma


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Lance-leaf Sage

(mint weed, rocky mountain sage, blue sage) Flowers mostly opposite

1 per axil calyx bell-shaped 1/4 to 1/3 inch long dark to pale blue or whitish

lower lip turned downward (looks like a snap dragon flower) Develops into a black fruit/berry containing small seeds Seed is egg-shaped, about 1/10 inch long, smooth, tan,

mottled with dark brown It is found in waste places and cultivated fields Contains high nitrates and can be poisonous to

livestock


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Lance-leaf Sage

(mint weed, rocky mountain sage, blue sage)


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Lance-leaf Sage(mint weed, rocky mountain sage, blue sage)

Lance leaf Sage


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Lance-leaf Sage(mint weed, rocky mountain sage, blue sage)

Products Ratings for Lance leaf Sage Control in North Dakota


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Products Ratings for Lance-leaf Sage Control in North DakotaApplications rates and formulations may vary from Canadian product labels

PRODUCT Lance-leaf SageControl RatingATRAZINE (post) EEPTC (Pre) EMETRIBUZIN (Pre) P-FPURSUIT (Post) EEDGE (ethalfluralin) E

TRIFLURALIN EBASAGRAN PSOLO (Beyond, Raptor) E

Bromoxynil containing products(Buctril, Thumper, Pardner) E

LONTREL FCURTAIL M F-GDICAMBA P-F

f


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PRODUCT Lance-leaf SageControl Rating

EVEREST No

GLYPHOSATE ELIBERTY EMCPA G-E

PARAQUAT EREFLEX (MUCH HIGHER RATE) EATTAIN (Starane+2,4-D) P-FTROPHY (Starane +MCPA) G-EPINNACLE NoREFINE SG/EXTRA G-EEXPRESS No

EXPRESS PACK F-G2,4-D P-F

bruce murray weeds talk 2009

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