brown and expanding to los angeles the new piccadilly

70
21.1.2021 Architecture News | ArchDaily https://www.archdaily.com/architecture-news 1/16 Architecture News ArchDaily Architecture News Read more ยป The Contemporary Approach to Rebuilding Cities Post-Disaster: The Case of Beirut about 19 hours ago Almost 6 months ago, on August 4th, 2020, the city of Beirut was shaken by one of the biggest non- nuclear blasts in history. Leaving the northern side of the capital in ruins, the explosion damaged around 40,000 buildings. New contemporary structures completed recently by local international architects are now facing reconstruction dilemmas, raising existential questions such as: How should reconstruction eorts of โ€œnewโ€ damaged buildings look like? Should architects rebuild them as they were before the blast, erasing what has happened or should they leave scars and portray new realities? In order to explore ideas and highlight dierent perspectives, ArchDaily had the chance to sit with three architects whose buildings were impacted by the blast. Bernard Khoury, Paul Kaloustian, and Lina Ghotmeh talked about their projects and their vision of the reconstruction of Beirut with ArchDaily's Managing Editor, Christele Harrouk, alongside Architectural Photographer Laurian Ghinitoiu, who documented in a featured photo series the extent of the destruction. Save this article OMA's New Film Explores the Hospital of the Future about 20 hours ago MOST VISITED Ncaved House / MOLD Architects Garden Room / Hugh Strange Architects Why Japan is Crazy About Housing MOST VISITED PRODUCTS Ductalยฎ Cladding Panels (EU)|Ductalยฎ ah! Pivot|panoramah!ยฎ Wood-Aluminum Curtain Wall - TM 60 SE|batimet By using ArchDaily, you agree to our Terms of Use, Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. I ACCEPT Home Projects Products Folders Feed

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Page 1: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 116

Architecture NewsArchDaily Architecture News

Read more raquo

The Contemporary Approach to Rebuilding Cities Post-Disaster The Case ofBeirutabout 19 hours ago

Almost 6 months ago on August 4th 2020 the city of Beirut was shaken by one of the biggest non-

nuclear blasts in history Leaving the northern side of the capital in ruins the explosion damaged

around 40000 buildings New contemporary structures completed recently by local international

architects are now facing reconstruction dilemmas raising existential questions such as How

should reconstruction eorts of ldquonewrdquo damaged buildings look like Should architects rebuild

them as they were before the blast erasing what has happened or should they leave scars and

portray new realities

In order to explore ideas and highlight dierent perspectives ArchDaily had the chance to sit with

three architects whose buildings were impacted by the blast Bernard Khoury Paul Kaloustian and

Lina Ghotmeh talked about their projects and their vision of the reconstruction of Beirut with

ArchDailys Managing Editor Christele Harrouk alongside Architectural Photographer Laurian

Ghinitoiu who documented in a featured photo series the extent of the destruction

Save this article

OMAs New Film Explores the Hospital of the Futureabout 20 hours ago

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

By using ArchDaily you agree to our Terms of Use Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy I ACCEPT

Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 216

Read more raquo

A new film by OMA Reinier de Graaf titled ldquoThe Hospital of the Futurerdquo has been released as a part

of the exhibition Twelve Cautionary Urban Tales at Matadero Madrid Centre for Contemporary

Creation Dubbed a ldquovisual manifestordquo the 12-minute short film questions the long-standing

conventions in the field of healthcare architecture in terms of the methodology behind how

hospitals are built and also why they are built in certain ways Through an exploration of the role

that disease has played in shaping cities the film oers a lens into the future of what we might

expect for healthcare design especially as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic

Save this article

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotelabout 21 hours ago

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

ARCHITECTURE PUBLICATIONS

More publications raquo

Architecture and Labor

ARCHITECTURE COMPETITIONS

More competitions raquo

Ethiopian SatellitePreschools Competition

ARCHITECTURE EVENTS

More events raquo

We Need to Talk AboutPlanning and Designingfor Climate JusticeFebruary 05 2021

Spring 2021 LectureSeriesJanuary 25 2021

At Home Projects forContemporary Housingat Garagem SulFebruary 10 2021

INTERVIEWS

More interviews raquo

Social Value UnderpinsHow We DesignMatthew Ollier onHawkinsBrown andExpanding to Los Angeles

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 316

Most Quoted Products

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sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

Save this article

Read more raquo

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracyabout 22 hours ago

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Save this article

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Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 416

Read more raquo

Timber Takes the Heat What Every Architect Should Know About WoodConstruction and Fire Protectionabout 22 hours ago

Since immemorial time humans have constructed their shelter and homes using wood Gradually

these structures grew more complex but wood has continued to play a fundamental role in

architecture and construction Today especially due to growing concerns about climate change

and carbon emissions wood has been regaining significance as an important building material for

the future if used consciously and sustainably Woodrsquos structural performance capabilities make it

appropriate for a broad range of applicationsmdashfrom the light-duty repetitive framing common in

low and mid-rise structures to the larger and heavier oen hybrid systems used to build arenas

oices universities and other buildings where long spans and tall walls are required

Save this article

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Likeabout 23 hours ago

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Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 516

Read more raquo

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

Save this article

Read more raquo

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High DensityEnvironmenta day ago | Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

Save this article

10 Innovative Cabins That Experiment With Their Materials2 days ago

By using ArchDaily you agree to our Terms of Use Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy I ACCEPT

Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 616

Read more raquo

While the traditional image of the cabin is one of a rustic wooden home located far away from any

trace of society architects have been experimenting with these conventions alongside newer

material and technological considerations to push the boundaries of the lsquocabinrsquo today Whether it is

by reimagining the aesthetics of the cabin or by utilizing advanced fabrication techniques to

modernize the rustic or even by reconfiguring the log cabin for the city setting architects and

designers have utterly transformed traditional cabin architecture for a more contemporary

existence Below we consider 10 innovative cabins that achieve this transformation through

experiments with dierent materials and construction technologies While each explore dierent

strategies and functions many share similarities in their use of prefabrication systems in their

dedication to sustainability and in their close attention to and optimization of specific material

properties

Save this article

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan2 days ago

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

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Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 716

Read more raquo

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Save this article

Read more raquo

Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 816

Read more raquo

Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 916

Read more raquo

because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

Read more raquo

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

By using ArchDaily you agree to our Terms of Use Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy I ACCEPT

Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1016

Read more raquo

Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

By using ArchDaily you agree to our Terms of Use Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy I ACCEPT

Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1116

Read more raquo

Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1216

Read more raquo

OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

Read more raquo

creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1416

Read more raquo

Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1516

Read more raquo

6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1616

Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

FOLLOW

About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

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MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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Save

Home Projects Products Folders Feed

2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

Share

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

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No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

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News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

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AGROB BUCHTAL

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TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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Share rsaquo

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 911

do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

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ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

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GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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What to Consider WhenChoosing a Window

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 26

Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 46

Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 2: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 216

Read more raquo

A new film by OMA Reinier de Graaf titled ldquoThe Hospital of the Futurerdquo has been released as a part

of the exhibition Twelve Cautionary Urban Tales at Matadero Madrid Centre for Contemporary

Creation Dubbed a ldquovisual manifestordquo the 12-minute short film questions the long-standing

conventions in the field of healthcare architecture in terms of the methodology behind how

hospitals are built and also why they are built in certain ways Through an exploration of the role

that disease has played in shaping cities the film oers a lens into the future of what we might

expect for healthcare design especially as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic

Save this article

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotelabout 21 hours ago

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

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INTERVIEWS

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Social Value UnderpinsHow We DesignMatthew Ollier onHawkinsBrown andExpanding to Los Angeles

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sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

Save this article

Read more raquo

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracyabout 22 hours ago

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Save this article

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Timber Takes the Heat What Every Architect Should Know About WoodConstruction and Fire Protectionabout 22 hours ago

Since immemorial time humans have constructed their shelter and homes using wood Gradually

these structures grew more complex but wood has continued to play a fundamental role in

architecture and construction Today especially due to growing concerns about climate change

and carbon emissions wood has been regaining significance as an important building material for

the future if used consciously and sustainably Woodrsquos structural performance capabilities make it

appropriate for a broad range of applicationsmdashfrom the light-duty repetitive framing common in

low and mid-rise structures to the larger and heavier oen hybrid systems used to build arenas

oices universities and other buildings where long spans and tall walls are required

Save this article

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Likeabout 23 hours ago

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Read more raquo

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

Save this article

Read more raquo

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High DensityEnvironmenta day ago | Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

Save this article

10 Innovative Cabins That Experiment With Their Materials2 days ago

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While the traditional image of the cabin is one of a rustic wooden home located far away from any

trace of society architects have been experimenting with these conventions alongside newer

material and technological considerations to push the boundaries of the lsquocabinrsquo today Whether it is

by reimagining the aesthetics of the cabin or by utilizing advanced fabrication techniques to

modernize the rustic or even by reconfiguring the log cabin for the city setting architects and

designers have utterly transformed traditional cabin architecture for a more contemporary

existence Below we consider 10 innovative cabins that achieve this transformation through

experiments with dierent materials and construction technologies While each explore dierent

strategies and functions many share similarities in their use of prefabrication systems in their

dedication to sustainability and in their close attention to and optimization of specific material

properties

Save this article

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan2 days ago

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

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Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Save this article

Read more raquo

Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

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The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

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Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

MOST VISITED

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

FOLLOW

About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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BampB Italia

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PANELS PREFABRI

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Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

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How Will Our Future Cities Loo

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

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2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 46

Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

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Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 23

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 33

ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388881000html 33

ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 3: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 316

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sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

Save this article

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Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracyabout 22 hours ago

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

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Timber Takes the Heat What Every Architect Should Know About WoodConstruction and Fire Protectionabout 22 hours ago

Since immemorial time humans have constructed their shelter and homes using wood Gradually

these structures grew more complex but wood has continued to play a fundamental role in

architecture and construction Today especially due to growing concerns about climate change

and carbon emissions wood has been regaining significance as an important building material for

the future if used consciously and sustainably Woodrsquos structural performance capabilities make it

appropriate for a broad range of applicationsmdashfrom the light-duty repetitive framing common in

low and mid-rise structures to the larger and heavier oen hybrid systems used to build arenas

oices universities and other buildings where long spans and tall walls are required

Save this article

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Likeabout 23 hours ago

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From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

Save this article

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Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High DensityEnvironmenta day ago | Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

Save this article

10 Innovative Cabins That Experiment With Their Materials2 days ago

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While the traditional image of the cabin is one of a rustic wooden home located far away from any

trace of society architects have been experimenting with these conventions alongside newer

material and technological considerations to push the boundaries of the lsquocabinrsquo today Whether it is

by reimagining the aesthetics of the cabin or by utilizing advanced fabrication techniques to

modernize the rustic or even by reconfiguring the log cabin for the city setting architects and

designers have utterly transformed traditional cabin architecture for a more contemporary

existence Below we consider 10 innovative cabins that achieve this transformation through

experiments with dierent materials and construction technologies While each explore dierent

strategies and functions many share similarities in their use of prefabrication systems in their

dedication to sustainability and in their close attention to and optimization of specific material

properties

Save this article

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan2 days ago

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 716

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Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Save this article

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Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 816

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Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

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The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1016

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

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How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1116

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

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Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1216

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

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Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

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Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 55

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

Share

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 44

Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

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Lamp - PHArtichoke

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AGROB BUCHTAL

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Leaf Facade Panel

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

ื” ืฉืœืš

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

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Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

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System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

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GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

FOLLOW

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 311

facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 411

The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 811

Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 27

ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 13

ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 4: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 416

Read more raquo

Timber Takes the Heat What Every Architect Should Know About WoodConstruction and Fire Protectionabout 22 hours ago

Since immemorial time humans have constructed their shelter and homes using wood Gradually

these structures grew more complex but wood has continued to play a fundamental role in

architecture and construction Today especially due to growing concerns about climate change

and carbon emissions wood has been regaining significance as an important building material for

the future if used consciously and sustainably Woodrsquos structural performance capabilities make it

appropriate for a broad range of applicationsmdashfrom the light-duty repetitive framing common in

low and mid-rise structures to the larger and heavier oen hybrid systems used to build arenas

oices universities and other buildings where long spans and tall walls are required

Save this article

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Likeabout 23 hours ago

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From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

Save this article

Read more raquo

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High DensityEnvironmenta day ago | Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

Save this article

10 Innovative Cabins That Experiment With Their Materials2 days ago

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While the traditional image of the cabin is one of a rustic wooden home located far away from any

trace of society architects have been experimenting with these conventions alongside newer

material and technological considerations to push the boundaries of the lsquocabinrsquo today Whether it is

by reimagining the aesthetics of the cabin or by utilizing advanced fabrication techniques to

modernize the rustic or even by reconfiguring the log cabin for the city setting architects and

designers have utterly transformed traditional cabin architecture for a more contemporary

existence Below we consider 10 innovative cabins that achieve this transformation through

experiments with dierent materials and construction technologies While each explore dierent

strategies and functions many share similarities in their use of prefabrication systems in their

dedication to sustainability and in their close attention to and optimization of specific material

properties

Save this article

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan2 days ago

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 716

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Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Save this article

Read more raquo

Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

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The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1116

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

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Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

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Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

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MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

Share

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 44

Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

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BUILDING MAINTEN

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

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TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

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GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

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ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

WeissManfrediReimagines Iconic USEmbassy Campus in NewDelhi India

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

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Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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Share rsaquo

Share rsaquo

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 311

facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 811

Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 911

do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 26

Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 46

Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

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From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

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Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

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10 Innovative Cabins That Experiment With Their Materials2 days ago

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While the traditional image of the cabin is one of a rustic wooden home located far away from any

trace of society architects have been experimenting with these conventions alongside newer

material and technological considerations to push the boundaries of the lsquocabinrsquo today Whether it is

by reimagining the aesthetics of the cabin or by utilizing advanced fabrication techniques to

modernize the rustic or even by reconfiguring the log cabin for the city setting architects and

designers have utterly transformed traditional cabin architecture for a more contemporary

existence Below we consider 10 innovative cabins that achieve this transformation through

experiments with dierent materials and construction technologies While each explore dierent

strategies and functions many share similarities in their use of prefabrication systems in their

dedication to sustainability and in their close attention to and optimization of specific material

properties

Save this article

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan2 days ago

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

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httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 716

Read more raquo

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Save this article

Read more raquo

Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

Read more raquo

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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Read more raquo

Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

MOST VISITED

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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Falcon Lis

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Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

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PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

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WALL CEILING LIG

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Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

0 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

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System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

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httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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Save

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

What to Consider WhenChoosing a Window

Selected Projects ofPritzker Laureatesrsquo in2020

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Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 46

Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

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News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

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Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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Romullo BarattoAuthor

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 23

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 33

ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388881000html 33

ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 6: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 616

Read more raquo

While the traditional image of the cabin is one of a rustic wooden home located far away from any

trace of society architects have been experimenting with these conventions alongside newer

material and technological considerations to push the boundaries of the lsquocabinrsquo today Whether it is

by reimagining the aesthetics of the cabin or by utilizing advanced fabrication techniques to

modernize the rustic or even by reconfiguring the log cabin for the city setting architects and

designers have utterly transformed traditional cabin architecture for a more contemporary

existence Below we consider 10 innovative cabins that achieve this transformation through

experiments with dierent materials and construction technologies While each explore dierent

strategies and functions many share similarities in their use of prefabrication systems in their

dedication to sustainability and in their close attention to and optimization of specific material

properties

Save this article

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan2 days ago

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 716

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Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Save this article

Read more raquo

Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

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The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

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Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

Share

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

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TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

FOLLOW

About this author

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

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News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

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2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

Recommend

Share rsaquo

Share rsaquo

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 46

Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 27

ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 13

ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

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Outer Space 2020 Winners Announced2 days ago

Blank Space has announced the winners of the second annual Outer Space competition The

competition asked architects and designers to leverage real scientific advances in robotics AI

rocketry and autonomous spacecra to create visions for the near future in outer spaceThe

competition attracted thousands of participants with winning entries showcasing narratives and

images of architecture beyond the planet Earth

Save this article

Brazilian Interiors With Exposed Structures2 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 816

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Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

Read more raquo

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

FOLLOW

About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

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HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

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WALL CEILING LIG

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Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Name

Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

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httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

0 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy

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Start the discussionhellip

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

Italy to Rebuild theColosseum withRetractable Floor

ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

WeissManfrediReimagines Iconic USEmbassy Campus in NewDelhi India

MOST VISITED

Ncaved House MOLDArchitects

Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

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News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

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AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

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ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

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ah Hurricane

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2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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Save

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Name

Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

What to Consider WhenChoosing a Window

Selected Projects ofPritzker Laureatesrsquo in2020

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

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Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 23

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 33

ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388881000html 33

ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 8: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 816

Read more raquo

Many architects tend to prefer using materials and architectural elements in their natural or raw

state It is common to remove ceilings and finishings especially in renovation projects to expose a

buildings structure This process of reclaiming the natural materials of construction - without

incorporating elements to cover the framework pipes tubes and cables - transforms these spaces

into places that have nothing to hide

Save this article

What to Consider When Choosing a Window2 days ago | Sponsored Content

And a window that looks out on Corcovado Oh how lovely Tom Jobims lyrics immortalized by

Joatildeo Gilberto and Astrud Gilbertos voices and a so guitar was one of the early songs that

introduced the world to the idea of a paradisaical Rio de Janeiro and a promising Brazil with an

increasingly urban population and a modern capital being built from nothing Almost 60 years later

Paulo Mendes da Rocha casually quotes this song in an interview and points out that for him in this

scene the most important element is the window not Corcovado or Christ the Redeemer Thats

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because it frames the view and directs our eyes to what matters It is a phrase that goes almost

unnoticed but that carries enormous poetic and artistic significance to the cra of architecture

Save this article

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The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

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How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

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Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

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Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

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The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

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Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

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be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

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shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

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Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

Share

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

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BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

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TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

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ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

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ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

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Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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Share rsaquo

Share rsaquo

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 311

facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 811

Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 911

do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 46

Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 27

ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 13

ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

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The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities2 days ago

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Save this article

Rem Koolhaas Explores the Sensory Quality of Materials at the Prada FW21Menswear Showspace3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1016

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Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

Save this article

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httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1216

Read more raquo

OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

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creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Read more raquo

Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

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HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

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ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

ื” ืฉืœืš

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

0 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

Italy to Rebuild theColosseum withRetractable Floor

ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

WeissManfrediReimagines Iconic USEmbassy Campus in NewDelhi India

MOST VISITED

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

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News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

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2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

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It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

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We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

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More Articles raquo

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

What to Consider WhenChoosing a Window

Selected Projects ofPritzker Laureatesrsquo in2020

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Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

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Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 22

ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 23

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 33

ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 13

ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388881000html 33

ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 10: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1016

Read more raquo

Responding to the challenge of designing a space for the launch of the Prada FW Menswear 2021

Collection by Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons Rem Koolhaas and AMO have designed four

connected geometric rooms that allow for the continuous circulation of the models showcasing

their dierent garments The general theme of the design centers sensory stimulation Like the

designs presented the materials used and their distribution throughout the space speak of a more

intimate connection with our surroundings reminding us that fashion and architecture are more

than just a functional container they are an opportunity to actively excite and provoke our senses

Save this article

Read more raquo

How to Stimulate Childrens Autonomy Through Architecture and theMontessori Method3 days ago

Maria Montessori began to develop her educational method at the beginning of the 20th century In

general terms the method is a scientific pedagogy that promotes an education that positively

contributes to the development of childrens brains respecting their individuality and stimulating

their autonomy self-esteem and self-confidence

Although the method was created in the last century science is currently beginning to test much of

the information investigated by Maria Montessori For this reason it is increasingly being applied

to architecture for childrenrsquos educational spaces improving the quality of childrens learning and

development and providing them with better tools for their future lives

Save this article

Sir Richard Rogers First Residential Project in New York City NearsCompletion3 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1116

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Save this article

Read more raquo

Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1216

Read more raquo

OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

Read more raquo

creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1416

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1516

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1616

Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

MOST VISITED

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

FOLLOW

About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

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DINING TABLES

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Dining Table - Blitz

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AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

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HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

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WALL CEILING LIG

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

MOST VISITED

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

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Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

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We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

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No but Im interested in architecture

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 11: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners have unveiled images of their latest venture No 33 Park Row in

New York City Located across the street from City Hall Park in Downtown Manhattan the project

nearing completion and set to oicially launch in the spring of 2021 is the cityrsquos first residential

project designed by Sir Richard Rogers and Graham Stirk of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

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Berlins Tallest High-Rise Set to Break Ground3 days ago

German design practice Barkow Leibinger has finally received a building permit for the Estrel Tower

in Berlin Germany Set to become the citys tallest high-rise at 175 meters the tower comes seven

years aer winning the initial competition Construction is now set to start and the project will be

built on Sonnenallee in Neukoumllln The design references the existing Estrel hotel und connects both

into one unit

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OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

Read more raquo

creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1416

Read more raquo

Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1516

Read more raquo

6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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DINING TABLES

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PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

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HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Name

Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

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Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

ื” ืฉืœืš

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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About this author

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httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

0 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

Italy to Rebuild theColosseum withRetractable Floor

ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

WeissManfrediReimagines Iconic USEmbassy Campus in NewDelhi India

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Garden Room HughStrange Architects

Why Japan is Crazy AboutHousing

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

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Technowood

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BUILDING MAINTEN

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Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

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Dining Table - Blitz

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AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

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HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

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Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

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More Articles raquo

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

What to Consider WhenChoosing a Window

Selected Projects ofPritzker Laureatesrsquo in2020

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 36

Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 56

the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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Share rsaquo

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 23

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 33

ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 13

ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 23

ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388881000html 33

ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 12: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1216

Read more raquo

OMA MVRDV and Heatherwick Among Finalists to Transform Azca FinancialDistrict in Madrid3 days ago

The RENAZCA international competition has released a shortlist for the design of the financial

district of Azca in Madrid Spain according to El Pais Directed by IE School of Architecture and

Design Martha Thorne the competition aims to transform the district into the most important

economic and cultural node in the Spanish capital The winning team will be chosen at the end of

January 2021 and will have the task of transforming the sector into a new open sustainable

urban space connected to the city

Save this article

Architects Are Workers3 days ago

Most of the practicing architecture is drudgery and this is rather unfair As students architects are

given thoughtful prompts about the built environment and its big questions as well as sole

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

Read more raquo

creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1416

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1516

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

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Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

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ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

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ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

WeissManfrediReimagines Iconic USEmbassy Campus in NewDelhi India

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

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About this author

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

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DINING TABLES

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Dining Table - Blitz

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AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

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Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

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httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

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Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 23

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357427 33

ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388881000html 33

ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 13: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1316

Read more raquo

creative reign to answer those questions That is the only time in the architectrsquos life when this is the

case and in many ways this does not adequately prepare the architecture student for the world of

architecture which is a world of drudgery In reality architects are not heroes

Save this article

Read more raquo

Mar del Plata the Everyday the Historical the Sacred and the Anonymous5 days ago

Mar del Plata is Argentinas second-largest tourist hub just behind the capital Buenos Aires and

sees its population swell by nearly 300 in the summer months To accommodate this influx of

visitors a large portion of the citys real estate is dedicated to hotels and short-term rentals and this

had led to a colorful and varied architectural landscape

To illustrate as well as celebrate this diverse and ever-changing architectural tradition audiovisual

media producer Obralinda initiated the Arqmardelplata project a visual compilation of Mar del

Platas architecture that allows viewers to discover the wide range of styles found throughout the

citymdashfrom the historic to the sacred to the residential to the everyday and to the anonymous

Save this article

Creating a Pedestrian-Friendly Utopia Through the Design of 15-Minute Cities6 days ago

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1416

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Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

Save this article

Read more raquo

Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

Save this article

Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1516

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6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1616

Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

Berlins Tallest High-RiseSet to Break Ground

Mar del Plata theEveryday the Historicalthe Sacred and theAnonymous

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

Share

Eric BaldwinAuthor

FOLLOW

About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

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PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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Name

Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Architects Are Workers

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

Wood-Aluminum CurtainWall - TM 60 SE|batimet

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

Share

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 44

Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

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No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

Share

Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

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Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

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News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

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Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

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ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

Page 14: Brown and Expanding to Los Angeles The new Piccadilly

2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

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Read more raquo

Think about the city or town where you live How long does it take you to get to the grocery store on

foot Is your school or work close enough to walk to What about a public park a doctorrsquos oice a

daycare or any other places that you visit on a daily basis While some cities have already

considered what it means to live near all of these necessities others are revamping their urban

planning strategies and designing their neighborhoods to be more pedestrian-friendly with the

concept of a ldquo15-Minute Cityrdquo

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Paris to Turn Champs-Eacutelyseacutees into Expansive Urban Garden6 days ago

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has approved a comprehensive plan to transform Champs-Eacutelyseacutees the

citys most famous avenue Though the euro250m makeover will not happen before the French capital

hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics the proposal aims to turn a 12 mile stretch of central Paris into

an expansive garden The proposal includes reducing space for vehicles turning roads into

pedestrian green areas and creating tunnels of trees to improve air quality

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Saudi Arabia Unveils Plans for Hundred-Mile-Long Linear City

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Read more raquo

6 days ago

Mohammed bin Salman Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia has unveiled plans for a 100-mile long linear

city called The Line Announcing the project in a new video the city would include a series of

walkable communities for a million people with no cars or streets The project locates essential

facilities within a five-minute walk of housing connected modules linking the Red Sea coast with

north-west Saudi Arabia as part of the NEOM city-state

Save this article

Architecture and Urban Planning Exhibitions What Can They Tell Us Aboutthe Future of Cities6 days ago

Whether as a retrospective a collection of contemporary works or a compilation of prospects for

the future - and all the other possibilities in between - architecture and urban planning exhibitions

have played an important role in shaping the future of cities over the decades These events are

oen open to the public reaching many people who dont necessarily have a background in the

field thus providing great environments to explore a collective view of the future of architecture

and cities

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2112021 Architecture News | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycomarchitecture-news 1616

Read more raquoSave this article

NEXT rsaquo

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 15

The new Piccadilly Hotel in the United Kingdom by FCBStudios has received planning approval

from the Manchester City Council Designed for Pestanarsquos Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 brand the hotel is

sited at the corner of Piccadilly and Newton Street with a lounge bar and rooop terrace The

scheme reuses a Grade II listed building with an 11-story new build to mark the gateway to the

Northern Quarter and city center

FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel

Written by Eric Baldwin about 22 hours ago Share

A WARM WINTER WELCOME

When youre ready for a getaway take comfort in knowing your well-being is our top priority

EXPLORE NOW

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

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NORD Architects and BBPArkitekter WinCompetition to DesignCopenhagens New FoodCulture Public School

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 25

The new hotel will include over 150 rooms and feature the refurbishment of the Grade II listed 69-75

Piccadilly a former 19th Century combined oice and warehouse building known as the Halls

Building The Piccadilly Tavern which occupies the ground floor of the listed building will also be

refurbished as part of the project As the team explains the site is located within the Stevenson

Square Conservation Area at the entry point into Manchesterrsquos Northern Quarter The proposal

seeks to re-engage this corner with a design that references the unique character of the

Conservation Area through materiality color and facade proportions

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 35

Simon Doody Partner FCBStudios said ldquoThe corner site is long overdue for redevelopment and in a

prominent position that requires a strong architectural presence The vaulted archways wrapping

around the building oer an honest representation of the repetitive nature of the hotel brief

resulting in a contextual and elegant faccedilade design This sets the tone for the 4 hotel and

transformation of the Piccadilly areardquo

The scheme was given unanimous approval at Manchester City Council planning committee

News via FCBStudios

Image gallery

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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About this author

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 45

News Architecture News United Kingdom Manchester FCB Studios

England Architecture Hotels FCBStudios

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed

21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotelgt

ISSN 0719-8884

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2112021 FCBStudios Unveils Design for Manchester Piccadilly Hotel | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954242fcbstudios-unveils-design-for-manchester-piccadilly-hotel 55

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Name

Join the discussionhellip

Devin du Plessis bull 19 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Reminds me of Louis Sullivans Guaranty Building in a good way

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 14

Sponsored Content

Do you know a great example of high density living environments built within the last 30 years

Share your knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation To

be truly exemplary the area should include a mixture of functions (at least some of them high-rise)

where the physical fabric retains a human scale at street level despite the high density

You may wonder whos asking for and compiling this information the Chair of Spatial Urban

Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences is committed to building an open-

access repository Sharing best practices across the globe is becoming increasingly vital especially

as many of our western cities are on the eve of unprecedented densification As a humble thank

you for helping to guide this societal challenge theyve allotted 12 rewards for contributors Click

here to submit a project

Societal Context

Like many of our Western cities Amsterdam is on the brink of intensive urban densification The

metropolitan area of Amsterdam plans to add 100000 new dwellings mostly within the existing

urban fabric Compact studio apartments and new situational typologies of high-rises are part of

the program which will increase the densification even further How are we to retain a human scale

in these new high-density environments especially at the street level where our social fabric is

shaped This calls for a new array of examples and precedent studies of successful existing Great

High Density Environments What are their design properties and how are they programmed How

do they succeed in retaining a human scale

Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great HighDensity Environment

a day ago Share

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

Ad

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10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The Women of HKSArchitects andResearchers DesigningResilient Cities

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 24

Sensing Streetscapes Project

These questions are central to the Sensing Streetscapes Project initiated by the Chair of Spatial

Urban Transformation at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) In a consortium of

spatial design oices and clients of large scale projects action research is explored along three

lines First building on the classic works of Allan Jacobs Jan Gehl and the like six of the most-used

reference locations for these new environments are deconstructed by research through design

Second neuro-architectural technologies (eye-trackers) are deployed to uncover the visual impact

of the applied design principles What are the patterns Do these design solutions indeed mitigate

the high density and intensity to a human scale on the level of the streetscape Finally an

algorithm is developed to trace the most suitable best practices via AI Thatrsquos where you come in

Repository of Great Examples by Crowd Creation

Some high profile examples of great high density environments are well known like in Vancouver

Toronto London Manchester Amsterdam Hamburg and Manhattan Yet what lesser-known

examples of Great High Density Living Environments are out there for us to learn from Share your

knowledge and contribute to the creation of an open repository via Crowd Creation

In order to frame the search a list of desired characteristics

Residential environment in an inner city area

Built within the last 30 years ndash or about to be opened soon

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-high-density-environment 34

Built for High Density with some high-rise buildings

Success in creating a human scale at eye-level on the street

Some level of mixed functions green design etc - anything that increases the livability of the

environment

Click here to submit a project

You are of course allowed to oer one of your own projects as an example The deadline for

submissions is January 29th 2021 and as a modest gesture of thanks for helping address this

societal challenge 12 rewards are available to contributors Out of the projects that fit the

characteristics consortium members will select the contributors who delivered either multiple

great examples surprisingly interesting examples or in-depth descriptions and pictures 12

entrants will be randomly selected to be rewarded

2 will receive personalized book selections on this topic (favorites of the Chair)

6 will receive an Amazon gi card with a value of euro50

4 will receive a ticket to the Media Architecture Biennale 2021

Winners will be notified personally

Visit the results at httpssensingstreetscapescom The website will remain open aerwards so

feel free to keep sending your examples

Image gallery

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2112021 Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment | ArchDaily

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Text Message Html

News Articles High-Density Amsterdam Open Call For Ideas

TAGS

Cite Knowledge Quest Submit Your Proposal for a Great High Density Environment 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom953392knowledge-quest-submit-your-example-of-a-great-

high-density-environmentgt ISSN 0719-8884

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BUILDING MAINTEN

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DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 13

From climate crisis to How Will We Live Together as we face the current and accentuated global

challenges many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are changing So how will the city of the

future be

The preoccupation with population growth and its eects on urban centers in the coming decades

is no small matter especially when considering how it will impact work and mobility Not only will

there be almost 10 billion on planet Earth by 2050 but the majority of them will live in cities with

the ever-present threat of a new pandemic

How Will We Live Together - the main question introduced in the Venice Biennale 2020 (now 2021

due Covid-19) has become more relevant than ever Faced with doubts we are certain that we are

going to need more places for us to live

Related Article

What Are the Megatrends Reshaping the Architecture Field and the Construction Industry

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) the construction sector is

responsible for up to 30 of all greenhouse gas emissions Definitely one of our biggest concerns

As climate change induces more volatile events and long-term sea level rises is there a new kind of

city coming our way

Its time to think about where we direct our energies as humans and to reassess the work that we

do that brings us happiness and the cities that will allow us to do that

Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like

Written by Fabian Dejtiar about 23 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

More Articles raquo

Transparent Buildingsand the Illusion ofDemocracy

10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 23

We want to oer our readers the space to share their thoughts on how future cities will look like

The comments will be curated and published in an upcoming article

News Articles Cities Public Opinion Future Cities

ArchDaily Topic 2021 The Future Of Cities

TAGS

Cite Fabian Dejtiar Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily Accessed 21

Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-likegt ISSN 0719-

8884

Yes I am architec

No but Im interested in architecture

Im studying architecture (or related field

Google Forms ืกืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช

ArchDaily ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš

How Will Our Future Cities Loo

Write your opinion in the field b

ื” ืฉืœืš

Are you related to archite

Natio

ื” ืฉืœืš

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Fabian DejtiarAuthor

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2112021 Serious Question How Will Our Future Cities Look Like | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954887serious-question-how-will-our-future-cities-look-like 33

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BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

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Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 15

Sou Fujimoto Architects has unveiled its design for the top part of the tallest skyscraper in Japan

ldquoTorch Towerrdquo in Tokyo collaborating mainly with Mitsubishi Estate Company CO LTD and

Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc Standing tall at 390m the highrise building planned to be ready by

2027 takes on a large plaza at around 300m generating a space for people

Scheduled for completion in 2027 Torch Tower was first revealed on Sou Fujimotorsquos Instagram

account Located in Chiyoda ward Tokyo the project will put in place oices commercial facilities

hotels as well as public spaces Implemented in the area of the Marunouchi Reconstruction NEXT

stage named Tokyo Torch which extends to the north of Tokyo Station the project is aligned

with the townrsquos vision to brighten and energize Japan transcending generations and national

borders

Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan

Written by Christele Harrouk 2 days ago Share

MORE ARCHITECTURE NEWS

More Architecture News raquo

Italy to Rebuild theColosseum withRetractable Floor

ZHA Wins Competition toBuild Tower C atShenzhen Bay SuperHeadquarters Base

WeissManfrediReimagines Iconic USEmbassy Campus in NewDelhi India

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 25

With the concept of Happiness and health building that connects the city to the future the new

addition of 63 floors above ground generates a new typology of highrises In fact at around the

height of 300m Sou Fujimoto has imagined a large semi-outdoor Hill-like-Plaza in the middle of the

structure creating ldquoa Place for Peoplerdquo Instead of limiting itself to ldquoan objectrdquo the intervention

aims to introduce a super highrise 390m complex building for people in the skyline of Tokyo

Related Article

Recent Images Highlight Completed Structure for Sou Fujimotos House of Hungarian Musicin Budapest Hungary

The lower part of the building takes on halls aerial walkways or terraces underground pedestrian

spaces directly connected to Tokyo Station and hydrophilic spaces along the Nihonbashi River

centered on a large-scale plaza Designing the upper part Sou Fujimoto reinterprets the traditional

square usually present on the ground floor seeking to shi from standards know-hows and cutting

the homogenous verticality of a tower In addition to the plaza at 300m the crown of the tower

encompasses an oice with a sky lobby a hill in the sky a hotel and an observation facility

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 35

Torch Tower

Year of completion 2027 (planned)

Location Chiyoda Ward Tokyo

Use Oices underground malls underground parking lots commercial facilities hotels public

cultural sports street station squares

Theme City planningredevelopment urban civil engineering environmental assessment

landscape

Site Area Approximately 31400Total Floor Area Approximately 544000Number of floors 63 floors above ground 4 floors below ground

Construction S structure some SRC structure

Image gallery

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Christele HarroukAuthor

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 45

News Architecture News Tokyo Sou Fujimoto Sou Fujimoto Architects

Highrise Japan Plaza Extension Public Square Highrise Building

City Of The Future Tower

TAGS

Cite Christele Harrouk Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan 19 Jan 2021 ArchDaily

Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-

tokyo-japangt ISSN 0719-8884

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

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Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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2112021 Sou Fujimoto Reveals Design for Torch Tower in Tokyo Japan | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom954996sou-fujimoto-reveals-design-for-torch-tower-in-tokyo-japan 55

2 Comments ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Join the discussionhellip

Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

A monster building that has no humanity safeness form-function unity participationnaturalness amp health

Bagaboo bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

gt Livon Diramerian

It actually looks really cool and has an amazing view full of light What drugs areyou on Livon

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 111

Designing resilient cities combines practical solutions with innovative ideas Interdisciplinary

global firm HKS is working to bring these ambitions to life with researchers urban designers

nurses anthropologists graphic designers and more Viewing design as a process of discovery

three directors at HKS are leading how cities explore research equity and integration to create

more resilient futures

Building on ArchDailys series celebrating the extraordinary women that shape our world the

following interview features the work of architects at HKS Upali Nanda PhD AIA is the HKS

Director of Research focusing on the impact of design on human health and perception Yiselle

Santos Rivera AIA is a medical planner and Director of Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion who

is empowering the next generation of leaders while creating inclusive platforms for engagement

Finally Julie Hiromoto AIA is a Principal and Director of Integration delivering large-scale projects

including One World Trade Center The three architects discuss their design inspirations and

challenges as well as what its like to practice today

The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers DesigningResilient Cities

Written by Eric Baldwin 2 days ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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Reairming the EssentialRole of Drawing in Design

Timber Takes the HeatWhat Every ArchitectShould Know About WoodConstruction and FireProtection

The ContemporaryApproach to RebuildingCities Post-Disaster TheCase of Beirut

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-researchers-designing-resilient-cities 211

Why did you each choose to study architecture

Julie Hiromoto As a child of immigrants we still had family scattered all over the world when I was

young Growing up I had the good fortune to travel and visit with family in South America Asia and

across the United States I remember the awe at arriving in a new place and understanding the

stark dierences in the built environment How California Michigan Lima and Cusco Peru as well

as Taipei and the countryside of Taiwan were so dierent from my small hometown of Valdosta

GA The homes of my relatives were dierent the public spaces were dierent and how people

lived were prompted by dierences in culture climate and economics This was fascinating and I

couldnrsquot stop asking questions This curiosity was formalized when I took my first technical drawing

course in junior high school with Mr Pitchford He instilled in me a love of draing instruments the

crisp and purposeful lines and an understanding of material representation I was so proud of

those perfectly spaced uniformly parallel straight lines from my first assignment

Yiselle Santos Rivera Growing up in Puerto Rico I was enamored by creating spaces and using all

household objects (couches pillows sheets and boxes) to build new and unique magical places I

could share with my younger brother Still I chose genetics as my first academic pursuit Similarly

to architectural concepts I loved learning about the building blocks of humanity and how slight

variations created dierent species Yet it was not until my second year of college experiencing

laboratory spaces that felt disconnected from the environment designed by people that did not

understand the tropical environment that I recognized the power of space in how we experience

the world I wanted to be part of an industry that could help others thrive and belong in ways that

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facilitated their success I had to exchange the feeling of being confined to isolated enclosed dark

and gloomy lab spaces for the opportunity to design and build bright engaging and welcoming

spaces that could help heal and empower my community Aer deciding to then pursue

environmental design at the University of Puerto Rico I fell in love with design and I learned to view

architecture as a way of building community

Upali Nanda I didnrsquot I believe architecture chose me In India for most professional degrees you

must take a competitive exam I was preparing for a degree in engineering while pursuing Indian

classical dance On a whim I joined two of my best friends who wanted to study architecture in the

competitive exam Ironically I made it through while they didnrsquot I took a week of classes in

architecture just to test the waters I realized quickly that architecture was the calling I hadnrsquot

thought to seek- it was the intersection of art amp science engineering amp aesthetics the subjective amp

the objective In pursuing a career in research within the practice I continue to explore the

dichotomy and the synergy of the opposing forces that makes architecture

What are some recent projects yoursquove each been working on at HKS

Julie Hiromoto One of my early HKS projects was the Texas Womanrsquos University Denton campus

masterplan update Version 10 of this living document added an adjacent 100-acre municipal golf

course to the historic campus The expansion space allowed for more comprehensive growth over

the next 20 years to support a +30 increase enrollment transition from a commuter to residential

campus expansion of academic programs and key student life amenities The plan highlighted the

importance of personal and community health and wellbeing environmental stewardship civic

engagement and academic excellence Upalirsquos 2017 Point of Decision Design work was a key part

was a key part of our advocacy Today we are working on a garden and outdoor classroom the

newest addition to the campus and a site for remembrance reflection and commitment The

Quakertown amphitheater will recognize TWUrsquos role in displacing an African American community

when the campus was formed in the 1920s Yiselle has been an important part of wrapping our

heads around these complicated issues

Yiselle Santos Rivera The last two projects I had the opportunity to work on were a wonderful

intersection of medical planning and justice equity diversity and inclusion At Nemours Childrenrsquos

Hospital in Delaware we designed the Christiana Care Advanced Delivery Care Suite a new

partnership between both healthcare systems that provides babies with congenital abnormalities

immediate care aer birth In this new space both babies and mothers are treated neither

compromising the care of the other regardless of where the mother receives her care prioritizing

equity for all This model also removes the risk of transporting babies from one system to the other

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The most recent project was a collaboration with Mount Sinai to develop a 500000 sf 240-bed

greenfield tertiary hospital envisioned to be the new role model for health services in South

America Through a private health provider this project seeks to strategically support state

sponsored healthcare for all in Paraguay

Upali Nanda This past year has been one where evidence and empathy have become core needs of

our profession We have seen confusion uncertainty divisiveness and found many gaps in our

knowledge and biases in our beliefs To counter this over the past year our team has worked on

research around risk amp recovery leveraging community to build resilience and create coalitions to

improve health wellbeing and equity Additionally we worked on integrating research into the

fabric of projects such as treating the new campus at University of San Diego as a live-learn lab-

making capital projects the vehicle for research and learning Most importantly we have committed

to being a living lab ourselves and understanding the changing eco-system of work- through

research

What are three concrete changes we can make as an industry and as a society to achieve

gender equality

Julie Hiromoto A first step would be to recognize inherent and systematically engrained inequities

not only for gender but also age race class and culture The first step is acknowledgment and

recognition that bias and social inequities create an uneven playing field Only from this point can

we begin to comprehensively address justice privilege double standards really listen to learn be

more empathetic and act for sustained positive change

Yiselle Santos Rivera 1 Clarity in what constitutes leadership what are the qualities and qualifiers

of an eective leader 2 Transparency in our metrics what system is chosen to create gender and

demographic benchmarks at all levels then to whom and how is that information shared 3

Accountability in achieving our goals how are goals established firmwide and who is responsible

for meeting those goals We all need to be held accountable to increase womenrsquos representation in

senior leadership roles Recognizing also that gender is a social construct inclusive representation

of all gender expressions is important

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Upali Nanda First change our thinking from a human-centered approach to a living-centered

approach and embrace interdependencies in how our built-environment solutions eect (and are

aected by) social and ecological systems Second make a commitment to measuring meaningful

impact so we can course correct when our design solutions do not achieve the intended impact

Finally learn how to pursue goals of economic prosperity guided by the trifecta of equity ecology

and the human experience We are learning that the health of our planet and the health of our

people are intrinsically linked If we can make the business case for balancing growth and purpose

we will be able to not just cra but to Juliersquos point above ldquosustainrdquo positive change

With changes to climate technology and construction how do you think architects and

designers will adapt ways of practicing to advance the profession

Julie Hiromoto There are many fundamental design principles that need to happen before diving

into the big signature moves As wersquove seen with COVID-19 there are small things that we can do

every day ndash wear a mask physically distance ndash that can sustain us while we allow for breakthrough

(oen the result of innovations and new tools and processes in technology and construction)

moments to be more impactful This same thinking should be applied to high performance design

As noted last February in my congressional testimony ldquoSaving Energy Legislation to Improve

Energy Eiciency and Storagerdquo there are fundamental ways to save energy and limit our carbon

and greenhouse gas emissions before leap frogging to onsite generation of renewable energy or a

heavy reliance on advanced technology to solve our climate challenge Reduce Absorb Conserve

then Generate Simple tools like the AIArsquos Framework for Design Excellence help us evaluate a

comprehensive systematic and integrated approach to design and explore the many

opportunities we have to make a dierence on each and every project not just the signature ones

This due diligence will be required if we truly want to transform practice normalize high

performance design and reach our project impact goals

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Architects must find ways to advocate for a seat at the table not only within

the industry but in other spaces and industries like government regulatory environments as we

have seen in healthcare policy The practice of architecture should leverage design thinking and

systems thinking In these COVID times where we are all experiencing things together seemingly

super connected through technology yet apart we have come to see how integrated our systems

can be and yet how fragile our connections Proving people with agency not only in our

workplaces but in our designs can increase opportunities for meaningful connections and

interactions Allowing for flexibility and self-determination through the design of spaces that are

resilience and adaptable at all scales will build community Our designs must be accountable for

the communities it serves and will serve for its lifetime Architects are responsible for the impact

they have in our communitiesrsquo ability to thrive

Nearly half of all architecture students are women but they make up about 20 percent of

licensed architects and 17 percent of partners or principals in architecture firms What accounts

for the disparity

Julie Hiromoto When the norms of value are based on history any change is challenging When

those currently in power seek out familiar traits or the same strengths that they have we replicate

the cultures and values of the past and today Only when we truly value and celebrate our

dierences and recognize how a dierent world view life experiences or way of thinking and

working will enrich and take our conversations and decision making (even if uncomfortable and

slower) to the next level will we seek out these dierent voices That proactive action and trust in

something that you may not already be an expert in will help us transcend the current state

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Yiselle Santos Rivera Inequity in access to resources homogeneity in the measures of how we

define success lack of intentionality in valuing representation lack of tools that increase empathy

and inclusionary leadership skills It is easier to define success when we know what it looks like

When we donrsquot see ourselves a path of success in the industry or people like us to emulate we will

seek other avenues Unfortunately in architecture historically the exodus of women and minorities

seeking better opportunities has kept senior level roles disproportionately male Also elitism in

academia continually translate into the profession Perception that longer hours mean dedication

and productivity without regard to performance do not favor caregivers which tend to be

predominately women Many leaders still feel that giving oneself solely to the job equates to better

outcomes Balance team engagement and well-being have been better predictors of success in

business Studies also show that gender diverse boards and teams outperform homogenous teams

Changes due to COVID-19 have been swi How do you think the pandemic will shape design

Julie Hiromoto Wersquove learned so much in 2020 and suered through the disruptive change too The

soening of lsquobusiness as usualrsquo is a huge opportunity to try something dierent realize meaningful

change realign our priorities and lead with our values The radical transparency and lack thereof

in 2020 brought to the surface issues we didnrsquot talk about before One thing has been proven time

and time again as we have persevered learned and grown the impossible is possible if we are

aligned in our goals and work together We are seeing the value of coordinated and systemwide

collaborative responses parallel workflows replacing linear processes and investment to

incentivize experimentation and exploration

Yiselle Santos Rivera Increased awareness of how the build environment shapes how and why we

interact with each other There has never been a time where we have all been experiencing in real

time the same circumstance yet so physically distant from each other Recognition of connection

and the spaces we use to connectengage have become evident Planning for the future must

account for the need to provide for variability in the built environment to increase resiliency for the

future Question like how we consider future pandemic responses in our designs shouldcould

become part of our vocabulary and design tool kithellip awareness of the need for interconnectedness

in the built environment and how that can either facilitate or hinder how we build community

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2112021 The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities | ArchDaily

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Upali Nanda Undoubtedly I think about it in a simple ABCDE approach A- Agility Adaptability will

be a greater priority for design than ever- we will have to stop thinking about capital assets as

ldquofixedrdquo assets and really think of how they can shapeshi with the times and needs B-

Breathability Our breath was held hostage in the pandemic and we all suered Fundamental

human rights like light fresh air and access to nature became premiums Going forward we will

focus on breathable buildings and breathable cities C- Community amp Citizenship We all felt the

loss of community and a realization that architecture urban planning played a key role in

developing communities and potentially a stronger sense of citizenship and public health This will

impact how we design spaces D- Digital Integration Our designs will truly start addressing the

hybrid nature of intertwined digitalphysical timespace assets Footprints amp cloudprints will have

to be thought about together And Finally E- Equity- Social Economic and Digital As designers we

will need to work across the design continuum to take ownership of creating equitable

opportunities by design

In the short-term there will be a lot of focus on risk mitigation and infection control Itrsquos important

to not be reactive in our approach Healthy air cleanable and non-toxic surfaces access to

outdoors clear thresholds and separation help with all infectious diseases The surge we will see in

magic anti-microbials and snazzy decontamination technologies must be clearly reviewed in terms

of their eicacy and their cost to the environment We have been down this path before and itrsquos

important that the reshaping of design is forward focused not reactionary

As you look to the future are there any ideas you think should be front and center in the minds

of architects and designers

Julie Hiromoto Plan for the greater good instead of everyone one at a time We will all get there

faster and more eectively if we work together and help each other instead of the exceptionalism

of lsquome firstrsquo or lsquoIrsquom specialrsquo This doesnrsquot mean taking your foot o the gas and letting someone else

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do it for you we all have a role to play But each of us has dierent skills talents and superpowers

to collectively bring about the change we want to see Surround yourself and work with those

complementary to you instead of more of the same We will all get where we want to be faster if we

protect the common good and work towards shared collective goals Architects have a duty to

protect the health safety and welfare of the public Our design and impact go beyond our clients

or buildingrsquos primary users to the greater community and our built and natural environment

Yiselle Santos Rivera How do you build for a resilient future within your practice your firm and

your community What practices and policies do you have in place that facilitate in creating equity

not only for your colleagues but in your partnerships with all stakeholders in the design process

That the built environment is the backdrop for all human interactions and as designers of the built

environment we can either be silent and complicit or an active and intentional leader in making a

more just and inclusive world We can either be mere participants or innovators increasing our

agency by educating ourselves in what it means to be an advocate and accomplice for everyone

Asking ourselves who is missing at the table and elevating the voices of everyone that will be

impacted serviced celebrated and embraced by our designs

Upali Nanda I think I covered this in the previous point In some ways the pandemic was like a

giant band-aid getting ripped o- and making us aware of some of the issues that were always

festering underneath Itrsquos possible to take a short-term knee-jerk reaction but architects and

designers should become trusted advisors to their clients and advice on forward thinking

evidence-based scenario-based resilient solutions

Architects and designers must advocate clearly about the critical role design plays in reducing risk

increasing resilience and fundamentally re-imagining an eco-system To do so we must invest in

research amp development work with communities and a larger network of stakeholders and design

partners and be seated on the tables that make policy decisions We are entering an era of

coalitions- where creating meaningful partnerships will be essential to growth

News Articles AD Interviews HKS Architects HKS

Women In Architecture ArchDaily Interviews Interviews ArchDaily Interview

Women Architects

TAGS

Cite Eric Baldwin The Women of HKS Architects and Researchers Designing Resilient Cities 19 Jan 2021

ArchDaily Accessed 21 Jan 2021 lthttpswwwarchdailycom955307the-women-of-hks-architects-and-

researchers-designing-resilient-citiesgt ISSN 0719-8884

More interviews from ourYouTube Channel

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Eric BaldwinAuthor

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AD Interviews Winy Maas MAD Interviews Winy Maas M

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BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

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AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

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HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

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1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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Livon Diramerian bull a day ago

bull Reply bull

We need creativity

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 16

Somewhere between 1914 and 1915 Le Corbusier designed the Maison Dom-Ino a groundbreaking

modular structure that replaced the heavy load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete columns

and slabs The open floor plan with minimal thin elements coupled with large glass facades would

ensure healthy natural daylight for the interior spaces as well as desirable architectural

transparency that could blur the boundaries between interior and exterior mdashat least

metaphorically

Aer more than a century since Le Corbusier shared his ideas for Dom-Ino contemporary

architecture in the wake of a lingering modern era continues to invest in using glass as a solution

for walls and facades Naturally the meaning of this material has changed a little over time

Transparency was originally used to reveal the structure making it more comprehensible but it has

become increasingly associated with ideological values and has been used in government buildings

because it evokes an idealistic openness that transcends the material world and embraces

symbolism In his book The Art-Architecture Complex critic and historian Hal Foster comments on

an example of this the renovation of the German Parliament in Berlin the Reichstag carried out by

Foster + Partners This project as well as many others by the same oice and several other firms

aims at an analogy between architectural and political openness with glass reflecting the

transparency and accessibility of democracy

Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy

Written by Romullo Baratto | Translated by Tarsila Duduch about 22 hours ago Share

MORE ARTICLES

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10 Innovative Cabins ThatExperiment With TheirMaterials

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Another project that explores this analogy is the Bordeaux Law Courts by Rogers Stirk Harbour +

Partners Richard Rogers Norman Fosters friend and former business associate shares the same

views as the author of the Reichstag namely that the physical transparency of glass can reflect the

transparency of a democratic state mdashat least this was one of the ideals he tried to convey to

European governments at a time marked by a sense of unification before the 2008 crisis The art

historian argues that projects like this seek to embody democratic values of openness and

participation

This analogy is however naive and questionable Forcing an approximation between physical

values democratic values and symbolic values can be dangerous and in some cases absurd An

example of this is the project for the Supreme Court of Singapore also designed by Foster +

Partners - given the history of that government the close correlation between the materiality of

glass and the symbolic values of openness and transparency makes no sense and seems to be

much more tied to the image of a spectacular brilliant architecture than to an institution created to

meet the needs of the people

This association of a physical characteristic with a symbolic value is explored in other projects by

the same oice such as the New City Hall in Buenos Aires a glass box covered by an undulating

concrete surface where activity spaces are open naturally lit and visible ensuring good

communication between departments and promoting a sense of communityrdquo Likewise the MOdA

MOST VISITED PRODUCTS

Ductalreg Cladding Panels(EU)|Ductalreg

ah Pivot|panoramahreg

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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Headquarters of the Paris Bar Association by Renzo Piano Building Workshop run by yet another

colleague of Richard Rogers With its curious triangular plan and practically all covered in glass

MOdA is ldquosymbolically transparent the life of the building its activity and its comings and goings

will be clearly visible through its facade

The United States Courthouse in Phoenix designed by Richard Meier amp Partners is another

example of this analogy a huge glass box on top of which lies a roof built of steel trusses supported

by very slender columns In the center of the plan there is an atrium - a very well-lit space that

provides clarity and visibility in all directions The Paris Courthouse in France another project by

Piano is a tower of stacked glass volumes and despite the larger scale that is diicult for the

people to grasp the architects emphasize that the vast concourse is totally visible from the

exterior through a crystal-clear glazed facade reinforcing the buildings message of transparency

and ease of orientation

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Similar strategies can also be observed in the Courthouse Extension in Leon Spain by Enrique

Bardajiacute amp Asociados in the Westland Town Hall in Naaldwijk the Netherlands designed by

architectenbureau cepezed and in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Queensland Australia

by Architectus + Guymer Bailey Architects The latter makes a radical departure from traditional

court design providing open accessible and transparent spaces designed to express values at the

heart of our democratic way of life including fairness and openness

Glazed boxes with or without sun protection covered by the most diverse structures seem to

constitute a new archetype for institutions and government buildings The sturdiness and opacity

of classic buildings which served the government for many years not only in the matter of

functionality but also symbolically have undergone an X-ray scan in the 20th century leaving only

the image of a structural skeleton with a light bearly perceptible envelope The values behind this

translation suggest a greater commitment of these institutions to democracy and the people but

many well-established examples indicate that this correlation can be questionable or even

careless So why do architects keep designing these buildings this way Is it because of aection for

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2112021 Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy | ArchDaily

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the ancient virtues of transparency or because of a naive hope that by merely looking transparent

they will become so

A translucent and cloudy architecture that fails to clearly reveal what is going on in their interiors

would perhaps better symbolize the current political scenario At such a challenging moment for

democracy and human rights there is no doubt that transparent buildings can harbor

authoritarian opaque and fascist governments

The quotes in the text were taken from the text description provided by the architects

Image gallery

News Articles Renzo Piano Building Workshop Norman Foster Glass

Architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Foster + Partners Democracy

Materials

TAGS

Cite Baratto Romullo Transparent Buildings and the Illusion of Democracy [Edifiacutecios transparentes e a ilusatildeo

da democracia ] 20 Jan 2021 ArchDaily (Trans Duduch Tarsila) Accessed 21 Jan 2021

lthttpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracygt ISSN 0719-8884

Share

Romullo BarattoAuthor

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httpswwwarchdailycom955204transparent-buildings-and-the-illusion-of-democracy 66

1 Comment ArchDaily 128274 Disqus Privacy Policy Login1

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DaleR bull 9 hours ago

bull Reply bull

Is it the recommendation of Mr Baratto that we build government buildings with nowindows and small dark rooms where the public is physically and visually restrained Ihave no idea what Mr Baratto thinks architecture can accomplish in thwarting fascism but Idoubt building massive stone monuments using 19th century structural techniques is theanswer I sympathize with Mr Barattos obvious disgust for authoritarian govenments buthe hasnt shown any correlation with transparent architecture This article is transparentlybad

Subscribe Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAddd Do Not Sell My Data

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Share rsaquo

BROWSE THE CATALOG

ALUMINIUM COMPO

Technowood

Wood Siding inKSR Villa Bodrum

BUILDING MAINTEN

Falcon Lis

Falcon SpiderArticulated Boohellip

METAL PANELS

Aurubis

Copper AlloyNordic Bronze

DINING TABLES

BampB Italia

Dining Table - Blitz

PANELS PREFABRI

AGROB BUCHTAL

Ceramic FacadeSystem -hellip

FASTENERS

Fastmountreg

PanelSafeRestraint System

HANGING LAMPS

Louis Poulsen

Lamp - PHArtichoke

TILES MOSAIC GR

AGROB BUCHTAL

System Solutionsfor Pools amp Spas

PANELS PREFABRI

ULMA Architectural

Leaf Facade Panel

DOORS

panoramahreg

ah Hurricane

WALL CEILING LIG

GIRA

Light SocketOutlet - Plug amphellip

FIBRE CEMENT CO

Tegral

Fibre CementSlate Roofing -hellip

More products raquo

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2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 7500 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5700

ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ืื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 20121

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื“ืจื” ืž-7500 ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›-30 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืฉืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ (ืชืžืœ 1079) ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ 5700 ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืืชื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจืš

ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›-320 ืืœืฃ ืžืจ

ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”

ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื›-145 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข

ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื

ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืขื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™

ืขื™ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช

ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฉ

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001357873 22

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 12

ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ

ื’ื™ื ื ืจื“ื™ 16121

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• (Haikou) ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸwormhole) ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช (Hainan)

library) ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืชืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื•

ืœื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-34 ืืœืฃ ืงืžืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืงืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื

32900 ืงืžืจ (ืคื™ 15 ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ dezeen ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช

ื”ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืงืจื•ืชื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 600 ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ-10000 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ืื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-300 ืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืื™ ื”ืคืืจืง ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืชืื™

ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ VIP ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืชCNC-ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื•

ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

(MA Yansong) ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ MAD ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืช Anhui ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” Huangshan Mountain Village ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืžืœื— ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืื• Fake Hills ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ Beihai ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ (Harbin) ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืขื ืง

(ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”)

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ื

httpswwwglobescoilserveglobesprintwindowaspdid=1001356574 22

ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Evenrsquo ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืื ืกื•ื ื’ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืืฉื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”

ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืœืงื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื™

ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ 1380 ืžืจMAD ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“

ืชื›ื•ืœื” 10000 ืกืคืจื™ื

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืŸ

ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ื“ืก ืžื’ืŸ 18121

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชืงืจื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื—ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื)

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืืก (Compass) ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™

2020 ืจื›ืฉื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ืืœืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• Serverfarm ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ืคืคื•ืฉื“ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฆื“ ืชื—ื•ืื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืงืจื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื

ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•

ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืจื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™

ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืืš ืžืื– ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 24ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ึพ15 ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-170 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-35 ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 300

ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื“ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืžื ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื“ื’ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื•ืชืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื”

ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืชืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื ืจ ืขื 600 ืžืจืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ืื—ื› ืขื ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื›ึพ1100 ืžืจ

ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ IBI ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ืžืจ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื›ืš

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™

ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžืชื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช

2112021 ื”ื“ืคืก ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

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ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžืฉื™ืง ืœื ื“ืœืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชื—ื•ืื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืืš ื–ื” ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืš

ื”ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœ-2019 ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ึพ2016 ืจืง 12 ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื” ืœ-45

ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื›-13 ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช2019 ื•-78 ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ AWS ื”ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื” 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-2019 ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ

ื”ื›ื ื™ืก 270 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-375 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฆืขื“

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘-20 ืœืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืืจื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”

ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืชืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 723 ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืžื’ืžื”

ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื›ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช

ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืขื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืกืืจื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืืก ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ

ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืจื™ืกื™ื”ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจื›ืฉื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ

Serverfarm ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืชืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืจืชื™ื

ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 17

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™

ื‘ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช bull ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื™

ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

1 ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื•ืจื—ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืืฉื™

ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 27

ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืœืžืก ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ bull ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื” bull

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ 10 bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

2 ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืจืžื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื›ื• ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื bull ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืขื“ 2040 ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื bull ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืŸ bull ืฉื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ bull

3 ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื•

ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 37

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื“ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘-2020 bull

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื– ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื bull ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ bull ื’ื™ื

ื ืจื“ื™ bull

4 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”83 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื•

ืœื”ื bull ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืชื’ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช

ืฉืœื”ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

5 ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 47

ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ bull ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง

ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืขื ืฃ bull

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื bull ืืจื™ืง ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ bull

6 ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

bull ืžื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช bull ืืœื” ืœื•ื™-ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ bull

ืืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืžื

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืง

ืžืงื•ื“ืืžื”ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 57

ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

7 ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื

ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” bull

ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง bull ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก bull

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ื”ืžืœืื”

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื”ืืคืจืช ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ

ื•ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช - ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื 390 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ850000 ืฉืงืœ

k|

ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ืŸProject X Club|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž33hellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ VIEW ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื– ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชhellipืžืžื•ืžืŸ|ืคื™ืคืœื‘ื™ื–

ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื ื›ืก ื‘-33000 ืฉื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ื•ืขื”h l|

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 67

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ืืžืžื•ืžืŸ|VINIA - ืžืชื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ hellipืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืชืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืกWeb2info|ืžืžื•ืžืŸ

ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื5988 ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื˜ืœื’ืจื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ IOS

RSS ื“ื•ืืจ ืื“ื•ื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื

ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช

ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื˜ืง

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™

ืชื™ืง ืื™ืฉื™

ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืื–

ืžื˜ื—

ืื’ื—

ื‘ื•ืจืกื•ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

English Website

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ

2112021 ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ - ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

httpswwwglobescoilnewsarticleaspxdid=1001357159 77

ื“ืขื•ืช

G ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ

The Wall Street Journal

ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”

ืจื›ื‘

ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช

ื•ื™ื“ืื•

ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกืœ

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช

ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืข

ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ

TRADEONE

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ืชื

ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืฃ

ื“ื•ื— ืืžื•ืŸ 2020

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”

ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก

ื’ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืœ

ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืžืฅ ื—ื‘ืจื”

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช

ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื

ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืคืจืกืžื• ืืฆืœื ื•

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

httpswwwcalcalistcoilExtCompArticleLayoutCdaArticlePrint1280016492388830300html 13

ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืžื•ืจ

ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ืืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื—ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ 15 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืขืœื” ืžึพ5 ืœึพ11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ึพ2019 ื”ื™ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ0655 180121

ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 2 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืชืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืงืจืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉืœื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ืช ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืชื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 15ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืขืœ 8 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช503 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ 11 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ mdash 120 ืžืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—

ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ืขื•ื

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื’

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ึพ80 ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœืขื ืฃ

ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ) ื›ึพ55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸื—ืฆืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ึพ10ึพ15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ80 ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™) ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ

ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ndash ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ (ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก) ndash ื ื™ืกื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื›ืœ ืจืžื™

ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื

ืœื ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืœ

ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช

ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืกืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืกืคืงื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืจืฅ 2020 ืฉื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90ึพ140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืกืœื™ืœื”

ื•ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ 2040 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 371ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช mdash ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื‘ ndash ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจืฉืœ 74 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 45 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2020 ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจ 298ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ ndash ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”

ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 85 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ndash ืจืฉืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 507 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ (ืฉืคื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืžื” ื’ืื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ

ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ึพ5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ึพ15 ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื•ืŸ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™

ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืืœื ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืจืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข

- ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

2112021 ื™ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”

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ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ึพ15400 ืขื“ 18500 ืฉืงืœ

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ึพ273 ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช mdash ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช

ืœืจื“ื™ืžื™ืงืก ืœืžืฉืœ 8 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ65 ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืคืœื˜ ืœืฉืคื™ืจ 4 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ึพ17 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉื˜ืจื•ื 3 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืชื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ึพ26 ื•ึพ9 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉื•

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ืืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื

ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื1534 200121

ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืืœื“ืขืชื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื–

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 40 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘-2020 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืชืžืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื’ื’ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช

ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืœื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื ืชืœืฉื•ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ืื• ื ืฉืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•

ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™

ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื›ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™

ืฉืื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืžื“ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช - ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช

ืกืžืก ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื• ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš

ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืืœื”ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืกื—ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ - ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืงืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”

ืžื”ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ

ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ

ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช

ืืœื• ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืชื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืืจื•ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช

ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื• - ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืขืฉืœื ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 300 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ - ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืชืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื•ืชืžืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืจื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ืชืžื 70 ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ืš

ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื•ื™ื’ืจืจื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชNot in my back) ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืžื‘ื™yard) ื•ืžืกืจื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื - ืฉืจ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•

ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

2112021 ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช

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ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืงื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื”

ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืืœื• ืฉืœื

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœื ื™ืกื˜

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชื•ื ืคื™ืฉืจื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

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