brosura turnuri en

Centrul Istoric al Municipiului Cluj-Napoca

Turnuri si BastioaneTowers and Bastions

Turnuri si BastioaneTowers and Bastions

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Clu

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Clu

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Clu

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Cluj-Napoca 2015 Capital European a TineretuluiCluj-Napoca 2015 European Youth Capital

LA PAS PRIN ORAUL COMOAR, CLUJ-NAPOCAPrimria municipiului Cluj-Napoca, Aprilie 2013

Ministerul Dezvoltrii Regionale i Administraiei PubliceAutoritatea de Management pentru Programul Operaional Regional

Strada Apolodor Nr. 17, sector 5, BucuretiTelefon: 0372 111 409E-mail: [email protected]

www.mdrap.ro

Direcia Gestionare Fonduri Comunitare pentru TurismOrganismul Intermediar pentru Turism

Bd. Dinicu Golescu Nr.38, sector 1, BucuretiTelefon: 0372 144 000

Fax: 0372 144 001

Coninutul acestui material nu reprezint n mod obligatoriu

Copyright Primria municipiului Cluj-Napoca 2013

Primria municipiului Cluj-NapocaStrada Moilor, Nr. 3, Cluj-Napoca

Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249

www.primariaclujnapoca.ro

Pentru mai multe informaii v invitm s accesai site-ul proiectului

www.visitcluj.ro

Investim in viitorul tu!Proiect selectat n cadrul Programului Operaional Regional i

Dezvoltare Regional.

Investim n viitorul tu! Proiect selectat n cadrul Programului Operaional Regional i co-finanatde Uniunea European prin Fondul European pentru Dezvoltare Regional

MUSEUMS


MUSEUMS


, ,

La pas prin oraul comoar,Cluj-Napoca


MUSEUMS


MUSEUMS


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CuprinsPrima incint fortificat 4-5Cetatea medieval a Clujului 6-9Turnul Porii Podului 10-11Turnul Porii Mnturului 12-13Turnul Porii Ungureti 14-15Turnul Porii de Mijloc 16-17Turnul Porii Turzii 18-19Turnul Aurararilor 20-21Turnul Croitorilor 22-27Turnul Pompierilor 28-29Legenda Judelui Linczig 30

ContentsThe first fortress 4-5The Medieval Fortress of Cluj 6-9The Tower of Bridge Gate 10-11The Tower of Mnturului Gate 12-13The Tower of Hungarian Gate 14-15The Tower of Middle Gate 16-17The Tower of Turzii Gate 18-19The Goldsmiths Tower 20-21The Tailors Tower 22-27The Fire-fighters Tower 28-29The legend of the county lord Linczig 30

Clujul medieval a avut, succesiv, dou incinte fortificate. Cea mai veche dintre acestea era situat n zona actualei Piee a Muzeului, avnd o suprafa de numai 7 hectare. Ea a fost ridicat n perioada 1260-1270, odat cu aducerea n Cluj a unor coloniti germani. Datorit faptului c aici a funcionat vechea cetate a Clujului, zona urban delimitat de strzile Emil Isac, Memorandumului, Regele Ferdinand i de Canalul Morii poart denumirea de Cetatea Veche (n maghiar Ovr).

Din prima incint fortificat se mai pstreaz o parte a turnului de aprare din colul de sud-est, construcia fiind integrat n cldirea n care funcioneaz astzi Muzeul de Speologie Emil Racovi, singurul muzeu de speologie din Romnia aflat n administrarea Municipiului Cluj-Napoca.

Medieval Cluj had, successively, two fortified enclosures. The oldest of these was located in Museums Square, with a surface of 7 hectares. It was built between 1260-1270, when German settlers came to Cluj. The urban area found at the crossroads of Emil Isac, Memorandumului, Regele Ferdinand and Morii Channel is called the Old City (in Hungarian, Ovr) because this is the area in which the city used to be.

Today, the only remaining part of the first fortified site is the southeastern defence tower. It hosts the Emil Racovitza Speology Museum, the only caving museum in Romania, currently under the administration of the Cluj-Napoca City Hall.

Str. Memorandum

ului

Str.

Emil

Isac

Str.

Rege

le F

erdi

nand

Piaa Unirii

Str. George B

ariiu

Piaa

Muzeului

Str. Constantin Daicoviciu

Str. Octavian Petr

ovici

Str. Georges Clemenceau

Str. Virgil Fulicea

Str. Sextil Pucariu

Str. Emil Zola

Str.

Vasi

le G

oldi

Str.

Paul

Chi

nezu

Str.

F. D

. Roo

seve

ltSt

r. F.

D. R

oose

velt

Hrile i schiele turnurilor sunt reproduceri dup materialele publicate de istoricul Jakab Elek i arhitectul Pkey Lajos n secolul al-XIX-lea.The maps and drawings of the towers are reproductions after the works published by Jakab Elek and Pkey Lajos in the 19th century.

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Cea de-a doua incint fortificat a Clujului a fost ridicat cu ncepere din anul 1405, ca urmare a privilegiului acordat oraului de regele Sigismund de Luxemburg. Acesta le acorda clujenilor dreptul de a i construi o incint fortificat mult mai ampl, cu o suprafa de 45 de hectare.

Incinta fortificat ridicat n secolul al XV-lea a fost ntrit cu un numr de 20 turnuri i bastioane, ridicate pe parcursul secolelor al XV-lea i al XVI-lea. Cele mai importante erau turnurile care aprau principalele pori de intrare n ora. Din pcate, acestea au fost demolate la sfritul secolului al XIX-lea de administraia oraului, ca urmare a necesitilor legate de modernizarea tramei stradale.

The second fortified site of Cluj was built starting with 1405, due to the privilege granted to the city by King Sigismund of Luxembourg, giving the inhabitants the right to build a larger fortified enclosure, having an area of 45 hectares.

The fortified enclosure built in the 15th century was later reinforced during the 15th and 16th centuries with 20 towers and bastions. The most important ones were the defense towers for the main gateways to the city. Unfortunately, these were demolished in the late 19th century by the city administration, due to the need of enlarging the streets.

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Ulia Mnturu

lui (Memorandum

ului)

Ulia Crbunelu

i (Napoca)

Ulia Lupului (Mihail Koglniceanu)

Ulia Ungureasc (B-dul 21 Decem

brie 1989)

Ulia de Mijloc (Bulevardul Eroilor)

Str.

Podu

lui (

Rege

le F

erdi

nand

)

Piaa Mare (Unirii

)

Piaa Mic

(Muzeului)

Ulia Bastionului (Constantin Daicoviciu)

Ulia Duhului Sfnt

Ulia Turnului (Sextil Pucariu)

Uli

a Ap

ei (F

. D. R

oosv

elt)

Uli

a Co

tit

a S

puna

rilor

(Cot

it)

Uli

a Sc

urt

a S

pun

arilo

r (D

vid

Fer

enc)

Ulia Lung a Spunarilor (Brassai S

muel)

Ulia Bisericii (Iuliu Maniu)

Ulia Criasc (Ion I. C. Brtianu)

Ulia Grului (Inoceniu Micu Klein)

Ulia Meterilor

Uli

a Tr

anda

rul

ui (S

amui

l Mic

u)

Ulia Deinuilor (Potaisa) Uli

a Tu

rzii

(Uni

vers

itii

)

(Episcop Ioan Bob)

(Virgil Fulic

ea)

123456

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10

11

12

13

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1516

17

18

19

20

21

1. Turnul Croitorilor

2. Bastion de curtin

3. Turnul Tabcanilor

4. Turnul Zidarilor

5. Turnul Curelarilor

6. Turnul Porii din ulia Turzii

7. Turnul Postvarilor

8. Turnul Tmplarilor

9. Bastionul Pielarilor (Pantofarilor)

10. Turnul Fnului (Cizmarilor)

11. Turnul Porii din ulia Mnturului (Cojocarilor)

12. Turnul Fierarilor

13. Bastionul Aurarilor

14. Poarta Apei

15. Turnul Porii din ulia Podului

16. Turnul Spunarilor/Pompierilor

17. Bastionul cu creneluri italiene

18. Bastionul Rotund

19. Turnul Porii din ulia Ungurilor

20. Turnul Olarilor

21. Turnul Porii din ulia de Mijloc

Legend: Legend:

The Tailors Tower

Curtain walls

The Tanners Tower

The Bricklayers Tower

The Harness Makers Tower

The Gate Tower on Turzii Street

The Drapers Tower

The Carpenters Tower

Leather Merchants Bastion (Shoemakers Bastion)

The Hay Tower (Cobblers Tower)

The Gate Tower on Mnturului Street (Skinners Tower)

The Blacksmiths Tower

The Goldsmiths Bastion

The Water Gate

The Gate tower on Podului (Bridge) Street

The Soap makers/Fire-fighters Tower

The Bastion with Italian Pinnacles

The Round Bastion

The Gate Tower on the Hungarian Street

The Potters Tower

The Gate Tower on the Middle Street

Clu

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Clu

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Clu

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Turnul Porii Podului n dreptul actualei Pote Centrale, str. Regele Ferdinand strjuia poarta de nord a oraului i podurile peste Canalul Morii i peste Some. Era administrat i aprat de breasla lctuilor. Ridicat n secolul al XV-lea, turnul a fost demolat n anul 1868.

Tower Gate Bridge where the Main Post Office is located today (on King Ferdinand Street) guarded the north gate of the city and the bridges over Morii Channel and Somes river. Built in the 15th century, it was administered and defended by the mechanics guild, being demolished in 1868.

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Mntur Gate Tower (Furriers Tower) was located at the crossroads of o Memorandumului and Samuil Micu Streets. It was first documented in 1476, being protected by a broad semicircular Barbacan and its gate, made of solid wood, was accompanied by a herse - vertical sliding lattice. It was maintained and defended by the furriers guild, being considered a symbol of the city. In 1763, the

clock from the baroque tower of Saint Michael Church was relocated on Furriers Tower.

Furriers Tower was demolished around the year 1843, allowing the expansion of

Manastur Road for modern traffic`s needs. The old clock was kept,

being reinstalled in the turret built on Redutas roof current

site of The Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania.

Turnul Porii Mnturului sau Turnul Cojocarilor era situat pe actuala strad a Memorandumului, la intersecia cu str. Samuil Micu, a fost atestat documentar n anul 1476.

Turnul era protejat de o ampl barbacan semicircular, iar poarta sa, din lemn masiv, era dublat de o hers grilaj culisant n plan vertical. A fost ntreinut i aprat de breasla cojocarilor, fiind considerat unul dintre simbolurile oraului. n 1763, cnd turnul baroc al bisericii Sfntul Mihail a fost afectat de un cutremur, ceasul care era instalat n el a fost reamplasat pe Turnul Cojocarilor.

Turnul Cojocarilor a fost demolat n preajma anului 1843, pentru a permite lrgirea Cii Mnturului i adaptarea sa la necesitile traficului modern.

Doar vechiul ceas a fost pstrat, fiind reinstalat n turnuleul ridicat pe acoperiul cldirii Reduta n care astzi funcioneaz Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei.

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Turnul Porii Ungureti era situat n zona Palatului Prefecturii i strjuia principala poart de est a Clujului. A fost administrat de breasla dogarilor, fiind ridicat n secolul al XV-lea i a supravieuit pn n anul 1872.

The Hungarian Gate Tower, located in the Prefecture Palace, guarded the eastern main gate of Cluj. Being built in the XV century, it was administered by Coopers guild, surviving until 1872.

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Tot pe latura estic a incitei fortificate se afla o a doua poart important, denumit Poarta de Mijloc. Acest turn a fost demolat n anul 1850, nainte de a ajunge s fie fotografiat. Poarta de Mijloc a oraului i turnul care o strjuia sunt reprezentate pe Obeliscul Carolina, situat astzi n Piaa Muzeului. Pe aceast poart au intrat n Cluj, n 1817,

mpratul Francisc I i mprteasa Carolina Augusta, fiind ntmpinai cu mult fast de cetenii oraului.

The eastern side of the fortified enclosure also

encompassed a second important gate, called the Middle Gate. The

tower was demolished in 1850, before being ever photographed.

The Middle gate and the tower guarding it are represented

on Carolina Obelisk, located nowadays in Museum Square.

In 1817, Emperor Francis I and Empress Augusta Carolina used it

to enter the city, being greeted with

more fast by the citizens of the

city.

16 17

Pe latura de sud a incintei fortificate a Clujului se afla o singur poart, a Turzii, strjuit de un turn ridicat n secolul al XV-lea i demolat n preajma anului 1841. Turnul era situat la intersecia strzilor Universitii i Avram Iancu, era puternic fortificat i era aprat de breasla cuitarilor.

n cursul secolelor XVI-XVII zidurile incintei au fost dublate pe latura de est, vest, i parial i pe latura de sud, aceste zidrii scunde avnd rolul de a proteja baza zidurilor fortificaiei de bombardamentele cu tunuri. n apropierea turnului tbcarilor se afla un balcona fortificat (bastion de curtin), susinut de mai multe iruri de console treptate.

On the southern wall of Cluj fortress there was only one gate, the Turzii Gate, watched by a tower built in 15th century which was demolished around 1841. The tower was situated at the crossroads of Universitiii Street and Avram Iancu Street and it was a strongly fortified tower defended by the Cutlers.

Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries the walls of the fortress were doubled on the Eastern and Western side and partially doubled on the Southern one with short walls in order to protect the base of the fortress main walls from bombings. Nearby the Tanners Tower there was a small fortified balcony (curtain balcony) sustained by multiple level back legs.

2,5 m

3 m

4 m

4 m

1 m

1,5 m

2 m

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Puternic fortificate i foarte bine ntreinute erau, de asemenea, turnurile care strjuiau colurile incintei fortificate, cele mai expuse n caz de asediu. Dac turnul de sud-est, al Croitorilor, a supravieuit pn astzi, nu la fel s-a ntmplat, din pcate, cu Turnul Aurarilor (sau al Prafului de Puc), situat pe locul magazinului care se ridic astzi la intersecia strzilor Gheorghe Bariiu i Emil Isac. n schimb, nivelul inferior al Turnului Pielarilor, care strjuia colul de sud-vest al oraului, se pstreaz i astzi, putnd fi vzut pe str. Fortreei i n curtea cldirii corespondente de pe str. Avram Iancu.

Heavily fortified and very well maintained were also the guarding towers over the fortified enclosure, the most exposed in case of siege. If the southeast tower, Tailors Tower, survived until today, so did not, unfortunately, happened to Goldsmiths Tower (or Gunpowder Tower) ranked where stands today the shop at the crossroad of George Bariiu and Emil Isac Streets. Instead, the lower floor of Tanners Tower, guarding the southwest corner of the city, is still preserved today, and can be seen on Fortress Street and Avram Iancu Street correspondent backyard.

20 21

Tailors Tower was built during the XV century, being located in one of the most exposed parts of the citys fortification system. The tower was first mentioned in 1475, during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus, when the maintenance and defense were already assigned to the tailors guild.

Over time, Tailors Tower had an important defensive role in armed confrontations, being assaulted several times by troops battling for Transylvania. The tower and its adjacent fragment Curtin had been restored or just enhanced several times over the centuries.

De-a lungul timpului, Turnul Croitorilor a avut un rol defensiv important n confruntrile armate, fiind luat cu asalt de mai multe ori de ctre trupele care i disputau stpnirea Transilvaniei. Turnul i fragmentul de curtin adiacent acestuia au fost restaurate ori doar consolidate n mai multe rnduri pe parcursul secolelor.

Turnul Croitorilor a fost ridicat pe parcursul secolului al XV-lea, fiind situat ntr-unul dintre cele mai expuse puncte ale sistemului de fortificare al oraului. Turnul a fost menionat pentru prima dat n anul 1475, n timpul domniei regelui Matia Corvin, dat la care ntreinerea i aprarea sa erau deja atribuite breslei croitorilor.

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n anul 2006, Turnul Croitorilor, aflat pn atunci n administrarea Ministerului Culturii i Cultelor, este trecut n administrarea Municipiului Cluj-Napoca i a Consiliului Local. n septembrie 2007, la iniiativa Ordinului Arhitecilor din Romnia Filiala Transilvania, Primria municipiului Cluj-Napoca a nceput un amplu proces de restaurare i reamenajare, care a fost finalizat n mai 2009. Proiectul de reabilitare i redare n circuitul cultural i turistic a monumentului istoric Turnul Croitorilor a fost conceput i elaborat n perioada 2005-2008 de Atelier de Arhitectur i Urbanism - Cluj.

n urma restaurrii, Turnul a primit o nou funciune public, devenind Centru de Cultur Urban i fiind inclus n circuitul turistic. Ca urmare a reorganizrii spaiului interior n vederea noii destinaii, la demisol a fost amenajat o cafenea, iar parterul i nivelurile superioare sunt puse la dispoziia celor interesai pentru organizarea unor manifestri expoziionale, conferine, emisiuni media, consultri i dezbateri publice, lansri de carte, concerte i alte evenimente culturale.

In 2006, Taylor Tower, then in the administration of the Ministry of Culture, is passed to Cluj-Napocas City and City Council administration. In September 2007, following the initiative of Romania`s Architects - Branch of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca City Hall began an extensive process of restoration and refurbishment, completed in May 2009. The rehabilitation project and its place in the cultural and touristic circuit of the historical monument, Tailors Tower was designed and developed in 2005-2008 by Atelier of Architecture and Urbanism - Cluj.

Following restoration, the tower received a new public service, becoming Center of Urban Culture and being included in the tourist circuit. Following the reorganization of its interior space for new destinations, the basement was arranged as a caf while the ground floor and the upper levels were made available to interested parties for holding exhibitions, conferences, media broadcasts, public debates, book launches, concerts or other cultural events.

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De la deschiderea sa, n luna mai a anului 2009, Turnul Croitorilor Centru de Cultur Urban, organizeaz zeci de evenimente anual, fiind unul dintre cele mai vizitate obiective turistice din ora. Administrarea sa ca i obiectiv turistic i organizarea programului de evenimente se realizeaz prin Centrul de Informare Turistic al Municipiului Cluj-Napoca.

Alturi de Turnul Croitorilor se mai pstreaz integral doar Turnul Pompierilor, care are, ns, o istorie diferit. Dac Turnul Croitorilor era unul dintre cele mai importante ale Clujului medieval, turnul situat pe strada Spunarilor (astzi Tipografiei), avea o importan relativ modest. Construit abia n anul 1574, odat cu perfecionarea tehnicilor de asediu i cu dezvoltarea artileriei, el avea menirea de a consolida o poriune de zid mai puin protejat. Acest turn i datoreaz supravieuirea faptului c era situat ntr-o zon a oraului expus incendiilor, motiv pentru care el a fost ncredinat, n secolul al XIX-lea, pompierilor clujeni.

Since its opening in May of 2009, Tailors Tower Centre of Urban Culture organizes dozens of annual events, being one of the most visited tourist attractions of the city. Its administration as tourist attraction and the organizing of events is made by the Tourist Information Centre of Cluj-Napoca.

Besides Tailors Tower the only integrally preserved one is the Fire Tower, which has, however, a different story. If Tailors Tower was one of the most important tower of the medieval Cluj, the tower located on Spunarilor Street (now Printing House Street), had a relatively modest importance. Built only in 1574, with the improvement and development of siege techniques and artillery, it was meant to consolidate a portion of less protected wall. The tower owes its survival to its location, being situated in an area exposed to fire, the reason for which it was entrusted, in the 19th century, to Cluj firemen.

26 27

Turnul Pompierilor a fcut obiectul mai multor proiecte de amenajare i introducere n circuitul turistic al oraului. Astfel, n anii 80, s-a intenionat amenajarea acestuia ca muzeu al astronomiei i a fost construit o cupol de sticl, iar mai apoi a funcionat, pentru o scurt perioad, ca i muzeu al pompierilor.

n anul 2011, Turnul Pompierilor a trecut n ad-ministrarea Municipiului Cluj-Napoca, urmnd a fi restaurat i pus n valoare. Turnul Pompierilor va fi amenajat ca i centru de cultur urban, asemenea Turnului Croitorilor, fiind inclus n circuitul turistic al oraului.

Fire Tower was the subject of several development projects and introduction to the citys tourist circuit. Thus, in the 80s, it was intended to become an astronomy tower on its roof being built a glass dome; then, the tower acted for a short period of time as Firemen Museum.

In 2011, Firemen Tower went under the administration of Cluj-Napoca City hall, in order to be restored and highlighted. Fireman`s Tower will be considered a Center of Urban Culture, similar to Tailors Tower, being included in the citys tourist circuit.

28 29

Judele Johann Linczig salveaz oraul Cluj

Legenda judelui Johann Linczig, reprezentant al oraului din partea Naiunii Sseti, este legat de anul 1660, cnd oraul a fost obligat s plteasc Imperiului Otoman o contribuie

extraordinar de 75000 de taleri imperiali. Suma a fost adunat cu foarte mare greutate, fapt care ar fi strnit mnia paei,

determinndu-l s asedieze oraul, nconjurat la acea dat cu ziduri de piatr i fortificat cu turnuri de aprare, la porile de

intrare i la colurile cetii.Legenda spune c judele s-ar fi pus zlog pentru a salva oraul

de asediul turcilor, mpreun cu diacul Benedek i Brassai Gyrgy, fiind dui n tabra turceasc a lui Seidi Paa, comandantul de la Buda. Judele i-a negociat viaa, cu promisiunea c clujenii vor

deschide porile oraului, ns odat ajuni n faa acestora, Linczig i-a strigat celui care pzea, n limba latin (ca s nu neleag

turcii), c este primejdie de a ptrunde nuntru (Periculum est intromittendi!) i chiar de va fi omort, orenii s zideasc porile

i s nu lase cu niciun pre ca turcii s intre n ora. Judele a fost readus n tabra tureasc i torturat, ns n cele din urm a reuit s ctige ncrederea paei, care a fost impresionat de loialitatea

acestuia i de faptul c i-a pus propria via n joc pentru a salva oraul. Paa i-a graiat, le-a oferit daruri i o scrisoare de

ncredinare n limbile maghiar i turc, prin care oraul era salvat, datorit judelui.

Johann Linczig saves Cluj

The legend of Johann Linczig, representative of the Saxon Nation, goes back to 1660, when the town was obliged to pay the Othman empire an extraordinary contribution of 75000 imperial talers. The sum had been gathered with great difficulty which aroused pashas rage and determined him to siege the town which, at that time, was surrounded by stone walls and was fortified with defence towers at

the gates and its corners. It is said that, in order to save the town from the siege, Linczig

pledged himself to the Turks together with Benedek and Brassai Gyrgy and they were taken to the Seidi Pashas military camp, the commandor in Buda. Johann Linczig negotiated his life promising that the people of Cluj would open the gates of the town but when

they arrived in front of these gates Linczig shouted to the sentinel in Latin (so the Turks wont understand) that danger will

enter inside (Periculum est intromittendi!) and even if he is killed, people should lock the gates and under

no circumstances should let the Turks enter the town. Linczig was taken back to the military camp where he was tortured

until he earned the pashas trust, impressed by his loyalty and the fact that he put his life at stake to save the town. Finally, they were

absolved by the pasha who even gave them presents and an official letter in Turkish and Hungarian that stated that the town was saved

due to Johann Linczig.

Prelucrare dup Pataki Jzsef, 1990, nsemnrile istorice ale lui Linczigh Jnos, Kolozsvri emlkirask, 1603-172030 31

Material Gratuit




www.mdrap.ro



Fax: 0372 144 001




Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249



www.visitcluj.ro






www.mdrap.ro



Fax: 0372 144 001




Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249



www.visitcluj.ro






www.mdrap.ro



Fax: 0372 144 001




Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249



www.visitcluj.ro






www.mdrap.ro



Fax: 0372 144 001




Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249



www.visitcluj.ro






www.mdrap.ro



Fax: 0372 144 001




Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249



www.visitcluj.ro






www.mdrap.ro



Fax: 0372 144 001




Telefon: 0264 452 244 Fax: 0264 452 249



www.visitcluj.ro



www.visitcluj.ro

brosura turnuri en

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