Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP) and

Target Processing Laboratory (TPL)

Preparation Plan for Internal Readiness Review

and Accelerator Readiness Review

Collider-Accelerator Department

5 July 2019

Revised 29 July 2019

Version 0.2

Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3

Process Description ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Readiness Review Scope and Schedule ........................................................................................................ 4

Devices, Systems, Qualified Personnel and Plans to be Reviewed: .......................................................... 4

Review Schedule ....................................................................................................................................... 5

Brief Description of BLIP and TPL Facilities ................................................................................................... 5

The BLIP Facility ........................................................................................................................................ 5

The TPL Facility and Room 2-66C .............................................................................................................. 7

Brief Description of Hazards ......................................................................................................................... 8

Authorizations ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Conduct of Operations .................................................................................................................................. 9

Training ....................................................................................................................................................... 10

Activities Needed Preparation and Persons Responsible ........................................................................... 11

Topics Needing Preparation and Persons Responsible ............................................................................... 11

Introduction

This preparation plan describes the necessary activities to be completed by the Collider-Accelerator Department (C-AD) before commencing the BLIP/TPL Internal Readiness Review (IRR) and the Accelerator Readiness Review (ARR). This plan helps to prepare for the IRR as required by BNL's SBMS and ensures that the C-AD successfully complete the ARR on schedule for safe and environmentally responsible operations. Following the ARR, a declaration by C-AD management is required stating that the BLIP and TPL facilities are ready to resume operations. This readiness declaration is expected to occur in November 2019, after which, DOE BHSO must approve the resumption of BLIP and TPL operations.

Process Description

Brief description of BLIP and TPL processes:

• BLIP beam is directed through an evacuated beam pipe to the BLIP by a pulsed bending magnet (BM1) into a DC dipole magnet (BM2) and then into the beam line in the BLIP spur tunnel leading to the BLIP targets.

• LINAC proton beam is used to irradiate BLIP targets situated near the bottom of a water tank at the BLIP target station in Bldg. 931.

• After target irradiation is complete, the target may remain at the BLIP to allow radioactive decay of contaminants or removed for decay at the TPL Hot Cell. In any event, targets are eventually lifted out of the water tank into a hot cell at the top of the water tank shaft in Bldg. 931. The hot cell provides shielding for handling the radioactive targets and ensures that radioactive gases that arise from the water-filled shaft are ventilated through a combination charcoal and HEPA filtering system before being released to the atmosphere.

• The targets are transferred from the hot cell into a shielded transport container mated adjacent to the hot cell plug door.

• The target container is loaded onto a forklift and transported from the BLIP facility to the TPL in Bldg. 801. Once the container arrives at the TPL, it is placed on a sled table to allow mating the container to the clamshell door of the TPL hot cell allowing the target to be transferred from the container to the hot cell with minimal radiation exposure to operations personnel.

• Once the target is transferred to the hot cell, the targets may remain in the hot cell for additional radioactive decay or processing of the targets may begin to isolate and purify the desired radionuclides from the target. Radionuclides are purified using ion-exchange columns that wash undesired radionuclides from the column, leaving the desired radionuclides in the column. The waste material is placed in one-gallon paint cans whose liquid contents are solidified and eventually become part of the solid waste stream.

o In the case of Sr-82 production, the target material is isolated on the ion-exchange column and then removed using hydrochloric acid. The material undergoes several subsequent evaporation and redissolution steps until the material is purified and packaged into smaller quantities for shipment for clinical use according to current Good Manufacturing Process (cGMP) requirements under Food and Drug Administration regulations.

• In addition to the material produced at the BLIP, several times per year, Sr-82 product arrives from the Arronax accelerator in France or from Los Alamos National Laboratory. These materials are blended with BLIP target material and processed together for shipment to isotope-generator manufacturers.

• Also, TPL operators chemically process irradiated foils and smaller amounts (mCi) of radionuclides for research and development activities. These materials may also be sent to external researchers based on requests.

Readiness Review Scope and Schedule

Devices, Systems, Qualified Personnel and Plans to be Reviewed:

BLIP:

• Target preparation and review processes • Ventilation and filtration systems for BLIP • BLIP beam interlocks • BLIP target shaft and cooling water monitoring • BLIP operator training and qualifications • BLIP underground storage tank - equipment and procedures • BLIP hot cell shielding, controls, activities, and access including annual hot cell maintenance and

cleaning procedures • Target transfer equipment and procedures • BLIP rain barrier caps - inspection procedures and documentation • Other procedures - operations, maintenance • Emergency plan

TPL (including room 2-66C):

• TPL target transfer and receiving processes • TPL hot cell shielding, controls, activities, and access including annual hot cell maintenance and

cleaning procedures • TPL hot boxes for processing and R&D - shielding, controls, and activities • Fume hoods • Ventilation and filtration systems for TPL/2-66C • Acid-scrubber system • D-Waste system - equipment and procedures • TPL operator training and qualifications • Waste processing and management procedures • Radiation protection procedures • Emergency plan • Radioactivity inventory management • Processing procedures • Other procedures - R & D activities, operations, maintenance • Storage, dispensing and packaging activities

Review Schedule Review Date Internal Readiness Review (IRR) 20 - 21 August 2019 Accelerator Readiness Review (ARR) 1 - 2 October 2019

Brief Description of BLIP and TPL Facilities

The BLIP Facility

The BLIP, housed in building 931, is an active accelerator facility and serves as the target end-station at the end of the 200 MeV proton LINAC. The facility has been in operation since 1972. The LINAC directs its beam through an evacuated beam pipe to the BLIP via a pulsed bending magnet just downstream of the last LINAC accelerator tank. This, in turn, directs the proton beam to another DC dipole magnet and then into the beamline in the BLIP tunnel, sometimes referred to as the “BLIP spur”. At the end of the beamline are the BLIP targets. The remaining bending and focusing magnets along the portion of the beamline in the BLIP spur control the position and shape of the beam as it hits the targets.

Figure 1: LINAC beamline showing BLIP spur and BLIP end-station

The BLIP targets are at the end of the BLIP spur and are 10 m (33 feet) below the BLIP building (23 m above mean sea level). A 2.4 m-long vacuum-transport-tube assembly exists between the end of the BLIP beamline and the BLIP target cooling water tank in which the targets are housed. Vacuum windows isolate BLIP from a direct vacuum connection to the LINAC.

Figure 2: BLIP Target Shaft and Hot Cell

Figure 3: Building 931 - BLIP Facility

The BLIP building is located past the end of the 200 MeV LINAC and sits on an engineered hill at an elevation 33 m (108 feet) above mean sea level. The building consists of three rooms including a control and instrumentation room, an operations area that consists of a hot cell connected to the target cooling water tank underneath the building, and a forklift area with garage space for the forklift and storage. In addition, a liquid radioactive-waste storage tank is located beneath the floor of the forklift area.

The TPL Facility and Room 2-66C

The TPL is located in building 801 and forms a part of the Radionuclide Research and Processing Laboratory (RRPL). The RRPL has various facilities for handling accelerator-produced radioactivity including hot cells, hot boxes, analytical chemistry equipment, and an accelerator-target receiving area. The TPL is a production facility for Sr-82. TPL rooms 2-66 and 2-66C contain nine shielded enclosures for remotely handling elevated levels of radioactivity. Room 2-66A is the target receiving area, room 2-66B is storage space for shipping casks, and room 2-66D is a storage room. Room 2-66C is planned to dedicated to recycling of Ra-226 targets that are irradiated at the MIRP cyclotron.

Figure 4: RRPL Facility showing locations of TPL and Room 2-66C

The minimum accelerator readiness procedures and/or policies for verification by the IRR and ARR include:

• Operations procedures • Processing procedures • Emergency conditions and procedures • Radiation safety procedures • Interlock tests for ionizing radiation at BLIP • Maintenance procedures

• Conduct of operations • Approval and conduct of accelerator modifications • Configuration management of all facility changes • ASEs and SAD

Brief Description of Hazards

The BLIP and TPL facilities are subject to the requirements of the DOE Accelerator Safety Order, DOE O 420.2C or its successors. The BLIP and TPL facilities are low-hazards facilities with the potential for no more than minor on-site and negligible offsite impact to people and to the environment. The possibility of any off-site impact or major on-site impact is highly unlikely with the implementation of the credited controls and credited control supports. Several of the credited controls provide for authorized alternatives. The MIRP program-specified authorized alternatives are used should staff be unable to meet the credited control under certain conditions. MIRP and C-AD pre-assessed and pre-specified these acceptable authorized alternatives. The merits of using an authorized alternative is that C-AD/MIRP reviewed and documented them in the MIRP SAD. These alternatives are also approved by DOE’s BHSO; they do not decrease the overall level of safety. The MIRP safety assessment identified two non-standard industrial hazards: 1) ionizing radiation from accelerator particle-beams or from high voltage RF devices and 2) accelerator produced radioactivity. There are a variety of controls for each of these hazards. The ionizing radiation hazards are controlled through containment in shielded hot boxes, hot cells, and various other shielding structures as well as through appropriate configuration control and procedures. In addition, the ventilation systems at the BLIP and TPL facilities ensure that airborne radioactivity is controlled. Ionizing radiation from particle beams is only a hazard at the BLIP facility and only occurs when the targets are being irradiated with accelerated proton beams from the LINAC. Shielding, critical magnetic beamline elements, and a configuration control program control this hazard. Several of these elements are incorporated into the LINAC beamline and BLIP spur. Furthermore, during operations at BLIP and TPL, surveys by qualified Radiological Control Technicians are routinely conducted to monitor and control radiological conditions. Other hazards at the BLIP and TPL facilities are standard hazards such as electrical hazards, fire hazards, pressurized system hazards, and exposure to hazardous chemicals as well as dispersible radioactive materials are controlled through a variety of measures include review by relevant safety committees, adherence to applicable codes and standards, design review and engineered features that control the hazards, configuration control, appropriate procedures and a formal conduct-of-operations program, and implementation of appropriate design standards along with conformance to the Laboratory's design standards.

Authorizations

DOE will authorize the resumption of operations at the BLIP and TPL facilities following the completion of a successful ARR. This authorization will be needed by December 2019 for planned operations of the facilities. New authorization documents including the Safety Assessment Document (SAD) for the MIRP facilities as well as the Accelerator Safety Envelope (ASE) documents for BLIP and TPL as well as the APF Hot Cells and the MIRP Cyclotron have also been prepared and are in the process of review. In addition,

a new Conduct of Operations matrix is being prepared per the requirements of DOE O 422.1 and will also be reviewed. The IRR and ARR teams will expect that BLIP and TPL activities have a Conduct-of-Operations program that requires line management/supervisor authorizations for

• Starting-up or restarting systems • Performing corrective maintenance • Producing or removing existing procedures • Approving temporary procedures • Signing-off changes to procedures • Work planning and control • Authorizing changes to equipment

The IRR and ARR teams will expect the following configuration management/assurance systems are in place for BLIP and TPL personnel to:

• Assure systems are in proper alignment • Assure compliance with the ASE limits • Assure credited controls in the ASE are implemented • Assure testing and surveillances associated with safety systems are completed • Assure control and monitoring panels are operating properly and alarms are functional • Assure operational tests are performed following maintenance or modifications • Assure trained and qualified operators • Assure document control system is in place • Assure change management system is in place • Assure an unreviewed safety issue (USI) process is in place

The C-AD authorization procedures and configuration management procedure and policies in the C-AD OPM apply to the BLIP and TPL facilities.

Conduct of Operations

The procedures that apply to the BLIP and TPL facilities satisfy the requirements and demonstrate the attributes of DOE O 422.1, Conduct of Operations and provide the methods for conducting operations, reporting problems, and scheduling activities according to a defined chain of command as shown in Figure 5. The BLIP and TPL facilities use OPM 2.28, Work Planning and Control for Operations for work planning. For procedures specific to BLIP and TPL, the C-AD procedures system must be used. Specific procedures are found in OPM Chapter 19. Off-normal events must be reported through the C-AD critique procedure, OPM 9.4.6, or through OPM 10.1, Occurrence Reporting. C-AD management must assure that modifications to BLIP and TPL are within ASE limits by using the USI Determination Procedure, OPM 1.10.1.

Figure 5: Production Organization for BLIP and TPL Facilities

Training

Aside from mission-related operations activities, C-AD trains BLIP and TPL operators and staff in the following:

• BLIP and TPL safety analysis and relationship to credited controls in the ASE • Responsibility for BLIP and TPL credited controls • Operator response to alarms • Operator response to emergencies

The C-AD Training Manager should be contacted for BLIP and TPL training records. BNL qualifications for BLIP and TPL operators include electrical safety, cryogenic safety, and radiation safety. C-AD must perform Job Training Assessments for the following BLIP and TPL positions:

• TPL Operator • BLIP Operator • Liaison Physicist • Liaison Engineer • Quality Unit (Quality Assurance and Quality Control)

Activities Needing Preparation and Persons Responsible

The following preparation activities showing responsible persons are identified for the BLIP and TPL IRR and ARR:

• All preparation action items closed out (D. Passarello/P. Cirnigliaro) • Work plans approved (P. Cirnigliaro/S. Pontieri/L. Muench) • Training and qualification records for all operators up-to-date (J. Maraviglia) • Training for all operations staff complete (C. Cutler/J. Maraviglia) • All relevant operating procedures for BLIP and TPL facilities up-to-date [incl. OPM chapters 1, 2,

9, 10, 13, 19] (D. Passarello/D. Mohamed/A. Cooper) • Target/Canning records maintained (K. Yip/L. Hammons) • Radiation Safety Checkoff Lists up-to-date and signed (L. Hammons/G. Marr) • Accelerator authorization documents completed (L. Hammons) • BLIP and TPL Hot cell and hot box containment ready for operation (S. Pontieri/S. Kurczak) • BLIP and TPL ventilation system ready for operation (S. Pontieri/S. Kurczak) • BLIP stack monitoring system testing complete and ready for operation (F. Craner/S. Pontieri) • BLIP target shaft and tank ready for operation (H. Chelminski) • On-site transportation from BLIP to TPL documentation and records complete and up-to-date

(H. Chelminski) • Underground storage tank monitoring equipment testing and ready for operation (H.

Chelminski) • D-Waste tank monitoring equipment tested and ready for operation (S. Pontieri/S. Kurczak) • Beam permit interlock system tested and ready for operation (H. Chelminski) • Waste preparation, handling, and disposal procedures up-to-date (T. Grimaldi) • BLIP rain barrier caps inspections up-to-date and complete (S. Pontieri) • Environmental permits and other requirements up-to-date (F. Craner)

Topics Needing Preparation and Persons Responsible

The following preparation topics showing responsible persons are identified for the BLIP and TPL IRR and ARR:

• Target preparation and approval (C. Cutler, K. Yip, L. Hammons) • Target handling and transport (C. Cutler, J. Ziegler, H. Chelminski, L. Hammons) • Radiation safety review (K. Yip) • Radiation hazards and shielding (C. Cutler, L. Hammons, S. Pontieri) • Ventilation systems (S. Pontieri) • BLIP and TPL operations and safety (J. Ziegler, H. Chelminski, L. Muench, S. Kurczak) • BLIP and TPL hot cell and hot box maintenance (S. Pontieri) • Waste handling procedures (T. Grimaldi) • D-Waste storage tanks (S. Pontieri, S. Kurczak) • BLIP rain barrier caps (S. Pontieri) • Stack monitoring system (F. Craner, D. Kim)

• BLIP target shaft and tank maintenance (S. Pontieri, H. Chelminski, J. Ziegler) • Experimental safety reviews (C. Cutler, P. Cirnigliaro) • Underground storage tanks (S. Pontieri, J. Ziegler, H. Chelminski) • Radiological buffer area access (P. Sullivan) • LOTO (S. Pontieri, P. Cirnigliaro) • Conventional facility safety concerns (P. Cirnigliaro) • Procedure configuration management (D. Passarello, D. Mohamed, L. Hammons) • Quality management programs (D. Passarello, J. Eng) • Emergency procedures (C. Cutler, M. VanEssendelft, S. Kurczak) • Action items tracked to closure (D. Passarello) • Environmental permit requirements (F. Craner)