broiler farming operational environmental management plan ... · broiler farming operational...
TRANSCRIPT
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
1
APPENDIX O:
BROILER FARMING
OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
(FINAL)
STEINTHAL ESTATE,
TULBAGH
JUNE 2013
Prepared for:
Steinthal URC, Tulbagh
Prepared by:
Schalk van der Merwe, Boland Enviro CC, Worcester.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
2
TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. BACKGROUND
1.3. KEY OEMP OBJECTIVES
1.4. PARALLEL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS
1.5. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
SECTION 2: RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT
2.1. LOCATION
2.2. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
2.3. ZONING
2.4. STEINTHAL LAND USES
2.5. STEINTHAL INFRASTRUCTURE
2.5.1. Fresh water
2.5.2. Wastewater (ETP)
2.5.3. Composting facility
2.5.4. Site access
2.6. ADJACENT LAND USES
2.7. THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT
2.7.1. Climate and rainfall
2.7.2. Topography
2.7.3. Soils
2.7.4. Geology
2.7.5. Groundwater
2.7.6. Natural watercourses
2.7.7. Tierkloof stream
2.7.8. Freshwater storage dams
2.7.9. Vegetation
2.7.10. Habitat and Fauna
2.7.11. Archeological and historical
SECTION 3: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. PRODUCTION SCALE/ EXTENT
3.3. INFRASTRUCTURE
3.4. PRODUCTION CYCLE OVERVIEW
3.5. PROCESS INPUTS
3.5.1. Day-old chicks
3.5.2. Bedding
3.5.3. Feed
3.5.4. Fresh water
3.5.5. Electricity
3.5.6. Vaccines
3.5.7. Chemicals
3.5.8. Poisons
3.5.9. Plastic bags and crates
3.6. PROCESS OUTPUTS
3.6.1. Grown broilers
3.6.2. Mortalities
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
3
3.6.3. Manure
3.6.4. Bedding and feathers
3.6.5. General waste
3.6.6. Hazardous waste
3.6.7. Waste water
3.7. ON-SITE TRAFFIC FLOWS
3.8. LABOR
SECTION 4: BASELINE INFORMATION
SECTION 5: APPLICABLE LEGISLATION
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. NEMA (Act No. 107 of 1998)
5.2.1. NEMA Basic Assessment Regulations, R386 of 2006
5.2.2. NEMA Basic Assessment Regulations, R544 of 2010
5.3. WATER USE 5.3.1. National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998)
5.4. WASTE 5.4.1. NEM: WASTE ACT (Act 59 of 2008)
5.4.2. National Waste Management Strategy (2011)
5.4.3. NEM:WA Regulations (2009)
5.4.4. Poultry Regulations, R153 of 2006
5.5. HUMANE TREATMENT OF BIRDS
5.5.1. Animal Protection Act (Act 71 of 1962)
5.5.2. Meat Safety Act (Act 40 of 2000)
5.5.3. Poultry Regulations, R153 of 2006
5.6. ANIMAL HEALTH AND BIO-SECURITY
5.6.1. Animal Diseases Act (Act 35 of 1984)
5.6.2. Animal Health Act (Act 7 of 2002)
5.7. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
5.7.1. Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993)
5.7.2. OHSA Draft Safety Regulations (R 1034 of 2005).
5.7.3. OHSA General Administrative Regulations (R 929 of 2003)
5.8. SUMMARY OF KEY LEGAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 6: MANAGEMENT PROVISIONS
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6.2.1. Steinthal Estate Board
6.2.2. Operator/ Poultry Manager
6.3. ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO COMISSIONING
6.4. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
6.5. OBJECTIVE 1: ONGOING LEGAL COMPLIANCE
6.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
6.6.1. OBJECTIVE 2: Mortalities
6.6.2. OBJECTIVE 3: Compostable waste
6.6.3. OBJECTIVE 4: General solid waste
6.7. OBJECTIVE 5: WATER USE AND WASTEWATER GENERATION
6.8. OBJECTIVE 6: BIO-SECURITY
6. 9. OBJECTIVE 7: HUMANE TREATMENT OF BIRDS
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
4
6.10. OBJECTIVE 8: NUISANCE RISK MANAGEMENT
6.11. OBJECTIVE 9: STAFF TRAINING
6.12. OBJECTIVE 10: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
6.13. COMPLAINTS REGISTER
6.14. INCIDENTS REGISTER
6.15. EMERGENCIES
6.15.1. Provisions for dealing with emergencies
6.16. NOTIFIABLE INCIDENTS
6.17. REMEDIATION RESPONSE STRATEGY
6.17.1. Remedial Response Plans
SECTION 7. AUDITING AND REPORTING
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. AUDITING
7.2.1. Terms of Reference
7.2.2. Initial audit
7.3. REPORTING
SECTION 8. UPDATING OF OEMP
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. INITIAL UPDATES
8.3. UPDATES IN RESPONSE TO AUDITS
LIST OF SOURCES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Steinthal Estate in local context
Figure 2.2. Key land uses on Steinthal
Figure 2.3. Broiler houses 1-6, abattoir, compost site in relation to neighbors.
Figure 2.4. Broiler houses in relation to Tierkloof stream and storage dams.
Figure 3.1. Location of broiler house sites and structures 1-7
Figure 3.2. Existing and proposed wastewater pipelines and existing drains/ tanks
Figure 4.1. Overview of WWMP and Composting OEMP monitoring points.
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. GPS locations of relevant infrastructure
Table 3.1. Overview of broiler farming structures:
Table 5.1. Summary of key applicable legal provisions
Table 6.1. Initial requirements:
Table 6.2. Construction phase measures
Table 6.3. Notifiable incidents in terms of applicable legislation
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
5
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BP Boland Poultry
CWDM: EH Cape Winelands District Municipality: Environmental Health
DEA&DP Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (WCP)
DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (national)
DA:VPH Department of Agriculture: Veterinary Public Health
DEA Department of Environmental Affairs (National)
DWA Department of Water Affairs
EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner
ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
GA General Authorization (in terms of the NWA)
HACCP Hazard Analyses and Critical Control Point
HSR Health & Safety Representative
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
NEMA National Environmental Management Act
NEM:WA National Environmental Management: Waste Act
NWA National Water Act
NWMS National Waste Management Strategy
OEMP Operational Environmental Management Plan
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
OHSA Occupational Health and Safety Act
PEO Provincial Executive Officer
RRP Remedial Response Plan
RPS Remediation Response Strategy
SANS South African National Standard
S24G Application in terms of NEMA Section 24
SDF Spatial Development Framework
SEB Steinthal Estate Board
WCP Western Cape Province
WLM Witzenberg Local Municipality
WML Waste Management License
WWMP Wastewater Management Plan
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
6
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION
This Operational Environmental Management Plan (OEMP) forms part of Steinthal Estate’s
S24G application to the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and
Development Planning (DEA&DP).
The application entails rectification for, and resuming of broiler farming activities and
operation of a low-throughput abattoir. A parallel application is simultaneously made for a
Waste Management License (WML) in terms of the National Environmental Management:
Waste Act to operate a composting facility which would process some of the abattoir
(feathers) and broiler (manure, bedding, feathers) waste.
The broiler farming component of the S24G application would entail the resuming of broiler
farming activities, making use of 7 existing buildings/ footprints, at a total stocking rate not
exceeding 18 000 birds at any given time. Day old chicks would be bought in from
accredited external suppliers, and raised to around 42 days of age prior to slaughter at the
Estate’s upgraded low-throughput abattoir (other S24G component). Manure and bedding
would be composted at the Estate’s proposed licensed composting facility. Due to a high
environmental risk potential, mortalities would be disposed of off-site, at an appropriately
licensed facility.
A Draft OEMP was prepared in December 2012. The Draft OEMP has been updated to
address comments from DEA&DP: Pollution Management and other parties, including with
regard to -
• the safe and responsible handling of solid waste;
• nuisance risk management;
• bio-security measures;
• the humane treatment of birds;
• occupational health and safety of workers;
• potential impacts on neighbors;
• a public complaints register; and
• responding to notifiable incidents and emergencies.
In addition, the Draft OEMP format has been changed to reflect a more compact, uniform
format for all 4 parallel OEMPs (see Section 1.4 below), and to avoid unnecessary repetition
amongst the various OEMPs.
1.2. BACKGROUND
Commercial broiler rearing activities on Steinthal started in 2001. Until January 2003,
broilers were raised in a single 230 m3 building complex with the necessary zoning in place
(Consent Use on Agriculture II for raising of broilers). Overall numbers were low, providing
for a slaughter rate of <50 broilers a day at the Estate’s abattoir.
From February 2003, 4 additional structures were taken into commission, and operations at
the abattoir increased to <1000/ d. One consisted of a disused stable building (91 m2), and
the other three (76 m2 each) of new buildings erected from re-used material (old school
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
7
buildings). Operations were carried out without Consent Use zoning permission, and without
approved building plans. Operations were directly managed by Steinthal until September
2006. During this period operations were carried out nuisance free. Mortalities were
however disposed of on an ad hoc manner, variously by burning or feeding rendered matter
to pigs. However, disposal was carried out neatly and efficiently, and no complaints or
authority notices were received. An initial application was made to DEA&DP in 2006 in terms
of NEMA S24G to regularize broiler farming activities.
In September 2006 Steinthal’s farm manager resigned, and from October 2006 the Estate’s
agricultural component and abattoir were leased out to a third party, Boland Poultry (BP).
Under BP management two additional broiler houses were erected (250 m2 each) early in
2007. In addition, BP also made use of additional pre-existing structures on an ad hoc basis.
Stocking of up to 25 000 broilers at one time in under-equipped facilities lead to massive
mortalities during the wet winter of 2007. Waste from uncontrolled slaughtering at the
abattoir (routinely above permitted totals) and broiler farming mortalities, combined with
inadequate waste disposal practices, lead to numerous complaints from neighbors, and the
issuing of a number of notices from the Cape Winelands District Municipality: Environmental
Health (CWDM: EH) and the Department of Agriculture (Veterinary Services).
Solid waste disposal practices during 2007 included uncontrolled composting, feeding raw
material to pigs, burning of feathers, and uncovered dumping in a drainage ditch. These
disposal practices impacted directly on adjacent Schoonderzicht property (smoke, odours,
health risk), and users of the MRC 5 Steinthal road (odours, health risk). In addition,
unlined composting activities and the dumping of dead broilers and slaughter waste posed
risks to groundwater and surface water resources, including the Tierkloof stream on the
Estate.
Inconsiderate traffic management at the abattoir and upper broiler houses caused
obstructions on the Schoonderzicht servitude road, leading to conflict with residential and
(then) tourism activities on Schoonderzicht.
A new S24G application process was started in 2008 to take into account additional
activities and operations at the abattoir. Application was made for the use of 7 existing
buildings at a stocking rate not exceeding 18 000 broilers at any given time. Until
September 2008 operations continued under the provisions of a Provisional OEMP. Broiler
farming activities were totally suspended in September 2008. Steinthal cancelled its lease
agreement with BP in December 2008.
A Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) was submitted in April 2010. Comments related
mainly to wastewater management and the need to establish baseline information and
sample-based monitoring programmes for the Tierkloof stream on Steinthal and Steinthal’s
potentially affected soils (irrigating with treated wastewater, composting activities). In
addition, the need to follow a separate Basic EIA process for proposed composting activities
was identified.
Supplementary studies were carried out during the course of 2011 and 2012, and a parallel
Basic EIA was undertaken with regard to the WML application. A joint public participation
process in terms of the 2010 NEMA Regulations was started in December 2012. As indicated
above, the Draft OEMP has been updated in response to process comments (this
document).
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
8
1.3. OEMP OBJECTIVES
This OEMP has been drafted taking into account the Western Cape Provincial Guideline for
Environmental Management Plans (2005). The objectives of this OEMP are to provide:
� A description of the receiving environment;
� A description of the relevant activities, included associated waste streams;
� Key baseline information with regard to potentially affected receptors;
� An overview of key applicable legislation and policy;
� A management framework to address key risks;
� For recording and monitoring programmes;
� For the opening of a Complaints Register;
� For the opening of an Incidents Register;
� For a Remedial Response Strategy;
� For roles and responsibilities in implementing the OEMP;
� For annual auditing against KPIs; and
� For updating of the OEMP.
1.4. PARALLEL MANAGEMENT PLANS
This OEMP should be read in conjunction with 3 other OEMPs which have been drafted in
support of the S24G and WML applications:
• The Steinthal Abattoir OEMP;
• The Steinthal Waste Water Management Plan (WWMP);
• The Steinthal Composting OEMP.
The Abattoir OEMP overlaps with the Broiler OEMP with regard to shared facilities (bio-
security showers), the temporary storage (freezing) of broiler mortalities, the humane
packing and transport of broilers for slaughter, and use of the Schoonderzicht access road.
The WWMP covers aspects relating to fresh water use, waste water generation and
treatment, and irrigation with treated effluent on the Estate’s fields. Overlaps are mainly in
terms of water demand management and pre-treatment wastewater management. The
WWMP includes baseline information relating to Steinthal’s soils, water uses associated with
the Tierkloof stream, and water quality of the Tierkloof stream, Steinthal storage dams and
the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) system. The WWMP makes provision for various water
quality, sludge and soil monitoring programmes, as well as remedial responses to notifiable
Incidents.
The Composting OEMP covers the composting of plucked feathers from the abattoir.
Overlaps are in terms of the screening of solid waste, the transport of compostable broiler
waste to the composting site, and dealing with contaminated waste returned from the
composting site. The Composing OEMP also includes baseline information and management/
monitoring provisions with regard to Steinthal soils. Provisions with regard to the Tierkloof
are exactly the same as in the WWTP; those for soils focus on site leachate risks and the
application of compost,
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
9
1.5. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
Assumptions
• Broiler farming activities would only resume once i). S24G approval has been obtained;
ii). additional rezoning has been approved; iii). and building plans have been approved.
• Activities would only commence once supporting infrastructure has been put in place.
This includes upgrades to the Estate’s ETP system (as per WWMP), and construction of
the composting facility once a WML has been obtained.
• A maximal throughput of up to 163 800 broilers per year has been assumed for all input
and output related calculations in this report.
• The Cape Winelands District Municipality: Environmental Health would continue to
monitor the quality of treated fresh water on the Estate, and no additional monitoring
programme is required with regard to treated fresh water quality.
• Process information and various process throughput estimates are based on interviews
with the farm manager and other staff in 2008. It is assumed that much of the
information would remain applicable to resumed activities.
Limitations
• It is unclear at this stage whether operations would be run by Steinthal directly, or by a
third party. This OEMP has therefore been drafted with this uncertainty in mind. Note
however that the Steinthal Estate Board (SEB) as registered land owner would ultimately
remain responsible for implementation of this OEMP.
• Due to poor historic record keeping, quantific baseline data based on actual
measurements and documentation could not be obtained with regard to a number of
inputs and outputs. These gaps have largely been filled by “best estimates” which were
obtained from the past operations manager. Process baseline values may need to be
adjusted once a record of actual measurements has been established.
• For reasons discussed under Section 2.7.5. below, an up-slope down-slope borehole-
based groundwater monitoring programme would not be feasible.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
10
SECTION 2: RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT
2.1. LOCATION
Steinthal Estate is located in the eastern Tulbagh Valley, directly to the east of the town of
Tulbagh in the Witzenberg Local Municipality (WLM) of the Cape Winelands District
Municipality (CWDM). The Estate is ~860 ha in extent. The ridgeline of the Witzenberg
(mountains) constitutes the eastern perimeter of the Estate. Schoonderzicht Farm does not
form part of the Estate. Road access to Steinthal is via the tarred Minor Road 5 (MR or
“Steinthal rd”) from Tulbagh, and to Schoonderzicht via a servitude road off Steinthal road
(Figure 2.1).
Figure 2.1: Steinthal Estate in local context (broiler farming sites in red)
More than half of Steinthal consists of natural veld on mountainous terrain. The broiler
houses are located in the built-up mid-section of the Estate.
Table 2.1. GPS locations of relevant infrastructure
Structure Latitude Longitude
Broiler house 1 33º 16 ’ 52.81” S 19º 10’ 50.68” E
Broiler house 2 33º 16 ’ 49.85” S 19º 10’ 49.90” E
Broiler house 3 33º 16 ’ 45.34” S 19º 11’ 24.20” E
Broiler house 4 33º 16 ’ 45.09” S 19º 11’ 25.34” E
Broiler house 5 33º 16 ’ 44.54” S 19º 11’ 22.89” E
STEINTHAL ESTATE TULBAGH URBAN EDGE STEINTHAL ROAD SCHOONDERZICHT TIERKLOOF STREAM
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
11
Broiler house 6 33º 16 ’ 48.95” S 19º 10’ 49.23” E
Broiler house 7 33º 16 ’ 46.51” S 19º 11’ 14.15” E
2.2. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Steinthal Estate belongs to the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URC in SA).
The Estate is registered in the name of one of its organs, the Steinthal Estate Board (SEB).
The SEB is also responsible for the management of the Estate. It is not clear at this stage
whether the SEB will directly manage operations, or lease out to a third party.
2.3. ZONING
An existing Consent Use: Agriculture I (broiler farming) is currently in place for the original
broiler house (230 m²). Broiler houses 1-6 are located on land zoned Agriculture I, but with
no Consent Use in place. A rezoning application is currently pending to acquire Consent Use
zoning rights with regard to broiler houses 1-6.
With the exception of the abattoir (Industrial II – noxious use), the remainder of Steinthal is
zoned Agriculture I and Institutional II. A Consent Use application is currently pending with
regard to the other 6 existing broiler houses.
2.4. STEINTHAL LAND USES
Steinthal has been used for farming activities since around the first half of the 18th century.
Institutional uses date from the early 19th century, when Witzenberg 182 was acquired by
the Rhenish Missionary Society (RMS), and from the 1830’s used to settle freed slaves on
Church and communally run agricultural land (Witzenberg Draft SDF, 2012). During the
Apartheid era Steinthal was one of the few non-White owned commercial farms in the
Tulbagh area.
Current institutional use (core use) is comprised of a Children’s Home, a School, and a Skills
Development Centre. These are managed separately from the farming component. The
farming component and Estate lands (including Institutional grounds) are managed by the
Steinthal Estate Board (SEB). From its inception in the 1830’s, agricultural activities have
been one of the key means of financially supporting institutional activities on the Estate. The
broiler farming and abattoir are envisaged as a funding mechanism for existing activities.
Agricultural
Farming activities have been dormant since 2008, pending outcome of the S24G application.
Traditional activities included dairy cattle, the cultivation of fodder crops, small-scale
commercial broiler farming, and the operation of a small poultry abattoir.
Resumed operations would include broiler farming (~163 800 broilers per year), operation
of a low-throughput poultry abattoir (up to 1 700 broilers/ day), a dairy herd and milking
parlor, and fodder cropping activities. At a later stage, vegetables, orchards and vineyards
may also be investigated for establishment.
Institutional
Approximately 400 learners, the majority of which have special education needs, attend the
Steinthal School. Around 150 learners who have been committed by courts reside in 3
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
12
dormitories at the Children’s Home. A further 200 learners reside in two school hostels on
the Property. Approximately 40 people are currently employed at the school and an
additional 40 at the Children’s Home. One dormitory is used to accommodate approximately
40 learners with disabilities and another dormitory is used as a camping site. A Skills
Development Centre is rented to the Department of Education as a School of Skills.
Figure 2.2. Key land uses on Steinthal
Residential
Three staff households associated with the School and Children’s Home reside on the Estate.
In addition, 12 households associated with farming activities on the Estate reside on the
Estate (area shaded yellow in Figure 2.2.).
2.5. STEINTHAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Broiler farming activities would be supported by the following infrastructure on Steinthal:
2.5.1. Fresh water
Fresh water would be obtained from the Estate’s central fresh water treatment plant.
Steinthal currently has a fresh water use allocation of 360 000 m3/a. Water for potable
purposes is exclusively drawn from the uppermost storage dam on the Estate, and treated
to the SANS Drinking Water Standard (SANS 241). Water quality inspections are currently
carried out by the CWDM: EH.
BROILERS/ ABATTOIR/ DAIRY
PROPOSED COMPOSTING
INSTITUTIONAL/ ADMIN
STAFF RESIDENTIAL
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
IRRIGATION AREAS
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
13
2.5.2. Wastewater (ETP)
Wastewater would be treated at the Estate’s existing ETP. Steinthal currently has a General
Authorization (GA) in terms of the National Water Act (NWA) to treat up to 11 813 m3/a,
and to dispose treated effluent as irrigation at a rate of up to 53 m3/d. The ETP system is
currently sludged-up. Proposed upgrades include de-sludging, deepening of Ponds 1 and 2,
and fitment of an additional jet aerator.
2.5.3. Composting facility
Steinthal is currently applying for a WML to establish and operate a composting facility on
the Estate. The facility would accept broiler manure and bedding for composting, but no
other broiler waste. The facility would be designed according to a site engineering plan
which makes structural provision for a G-lined surface, on-site leachate/ run-off collection
and containment, and run-on cut-off trenches.
2.5.4. Site Access
Steinthal Estate is accessible from 2 points off the MRC 5, namely via the main entrance to
the Estate, and via the Schoonderzicht servitude road. Only movement associated with the
three upper broiler houses (3-5) would need to make use of the Schoonderzicht road. All
other activities could be accessed via Steinthal’s main entrance and existing internal road
network.
2.6. ADJACENT LAND USES
The Tulbagh valley is an important agricultural area. Orchard crops, viticulture, and mixed
farming, including the cultivation of small grains and fodder crops and dairy cattle are key
activities. Commercial-scale broiler farming and abattoir activities are currently limited in
the Tulbagh area, but large industrial scale broiler farming facilities and abattoir are located
in the Romansrivier/ Witrivier area south of Wolseley ~23 km to the south of Steinthal
(Witzenberg Draft SDF, 2012). The area around Steinthal is mainly used for mixed farming.
Owners typically reside on their properties. Heritage/ scenic tourism is a key emerging land
use in the immediate Tulbagh area. Other land uses on Steinthal Estate provide the
immediate land use context, and are comprised of existing farming activities, institutional,
and residential uses. The 2012 Draft Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework identifies
Tulbagh as agricultural/ tourism development node. Provision is made for the eastward
expansion of the Tulbagh urban edge (10-15 year).
Adjacent properties
A total number of seven landowners are situated adjacent to Steinthal. All the relevant
properties are currently primarily zoned Agriculture I. Uses include primary agriculture and
rural residential.
Key potentially affected receptors are mainly associated with properties located to the
north-east (Witzenberg, Bella Vista) and south-east (Schoonderzicht) – see Figure 2.3
above. Residential receptors on Bella Vista and Schoonderzicht are in closest proximity to
the upper broiler houses, with the Horing residence on Schoonderzicht at ~300 m the
nearest, and other houses on Bella Vista, Schoonderzicht and Witzenberg >400 m.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
14
Figure 2.3. Broiler houses 1-6, abattoir and compost site in relation to neighbors.
The relevant properties all make use of the MRC5 (Steinthal road) to gain primary access to
their properties. A servitude road across Steinthal currently provides sole access to
Schoonderzicht and its residents. The road passes directly to the south of broiler houses 3-5
(Figure 2.3.).
A portion of Kruys Vallei 187 located inside the Draft Tulbagh urban edge (Figure 2.1),
currently zoned Agriculture is currently proposed for residential development. The relevant
portion is located ~ 1 km north-west of the lower broiler houses, and largely screened by an
intervening ridgeline.
2.7. BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Steinthal is located in the eastern aspect of the Tulbagh valley. The Witzenberg mountains
crest line demarcates the eastern boundary of the Estate. The fertile Tulbagh valley has
been extensively used for the cultivation of cereal, viticulture and fruit crops for a number of
centuries, and is consequentially largely a disturbed, man-made landscape. Natural
vegetation and associated habitat are essentially limited to the upper, less accessible slopes
of the Winterhoek and Witzenberg mountains.
2.7.1. Climate and rainfall
The climate is typically Mediterranean, characterized by hot, dry summers and relatively
mild, wet winters. Daytime summer (November until March) maximum temperatures are
typically in the 30 ºC’s, but may on some days (mainly January and February) reach highs
STEINTHAL ESTATE STEINTHAL ROAD SERVITUDE ROAD
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
15
of 40 ºC. Winter maximum daytime temperatures can reach 22 ºC with minimums at or just
above freezing point when snow covers adjacent mountains. South easterly winds dominate
in summer (Agri-Logix, 2010).
Information provided by the South African Weather Service indicates that records compiled
by the Tulbagh weather station stretch back to 1878. The driest year on record was 1971
(276 mm), and the wettest 1879 (748 mm). The record indicates that three of the ten
wettest years over the past three decades have occurred since 2006 (viz. 2006-8), with
2008 the wettest year for the 30 year period (624 mm). The lowest rainfall year for the 30
year period 1981 – 2011 occurred in 1997 (311 mm), with 2003-2005 three of the six driest
years since 1981. Only limited official evaporation records are available for the Western
Cape, not for Tulbagh, and only up to 1987 for the nearest location, viz. Worcester (De
Jager – pers. comm).
2.7.2. Topography
The Witzenberg mountains crest line demarcates the eastern boundary of the Estate. The
approximate height of the Estate is about 1 100 m above sea level and the terrain gradually
slopes downwards from east to west. The broiler houses are located on relatively level
terrain.
2.7.3. Geology
Steinthal is mostly underlain by the Porterville Formation of the Malmesbury group shales,
as evidenced by scattered outcroppings on the Estate (AgriLogix, 2010). The Malmesbury
group is the oldest geological formation in the Witzenberg region and comprises mainly
phyllitic shales and fine toned medium-grained greywacke, and dates back to around 550-
540 million years ago. This formation is mostly confined to the Tulbagh area, where it
occupies the base of the valley (Witzenberg, 2012: Map 6).
The Worcester Fault (which runs from Nuwekloof Pass, southwards to Robertson and further
east) affects the Tulbagh area (Witzenberg, 2012). Tulbagh was hit by a 6.5 (Richter)
magnitude earth quake in 1969, the largest ever to be recorded in South Africa. The risk is
unpredictable and applies equally to all land uses in the Tulbagh valley and surrounds, and
is therefore not specifically addressed in this OEMP.
2.7.4. Soils
The 2012 Witzenberg Draft SDF (Map 9) indicates that the arable portions of the Tulbagh
Valley, including Steinthal, consists of poorly developed, shallow soils, in situ, underlain by
parent material (Witzenberg, 2012). The abattoir would be based on an existing site in the
historically built-up mid-section of the Estate. No specific information is available for the
broiler sites, but he findings of the Soils and Wastewater Irrigation Study (2012) indicate
that irrigated soils lower down on the Estate (near the urban edge) are sandy loams and
suitable for irrigation agriculture, while the soils in the mid-section (near broiler house 1) of
the Estate are more typically clays, with elevated levels of manganese and phosphorus
(EnviroScientific, 2012). The soils in the built-up mid-section are not considered of
significant agricultural potential.
2.7.5. Groundwater
The Upper Berg and Breede areas around Tulbagh, Ceres and Wolseley are associated with
relatively small inter-granular aquifers with moderately to high yields, reaching between 0.5
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
16
-5 l/s (litres per second). Ground water quality in the Tulbagh and Wolseley valleys is
generally classified as brackish (79-300 mS/m) (Witzenberg, 2012, Map 15). Consequently,
farms located in the Steinthal area typically either make use of mountain runoff or municipal
scheme water instead of boreholes for potable uses.
A single active borehole is located on Steinthal, ~210 m north-west (down slope) of broiler
house 5. The borehole has a registered allocation of 20 000 m3/a. However, the hole is not
fitted with a pump, and no water has been drawn from it for approximately 2 decades.
During a DWA site visit in February 2013 it was confirmed that the single borehole would
not suffice to implement an upstream-downstream borehole-based groundwater monitoring
programme on Steinthal (see Section 2 of the WWMP for more details).
2.7.6. Natural watercourses, wetlands and seeps
Steinthal is located within the Berg River Catchment Management Area (G10E). Only one
significant natural watercourse, the Tierkloof stream, is located on Steinthal. Flow is mainly
associated with the winter rainfall period and after rainfall events. No wetland areas or
seeps have been identified on the Property (Buntman – pers. comm).
Figure 2.4. Broiler houses in relation to Tierkloof stream and storage dams.
2.7.7. Tierkloof stream
The Tierkloof stream is a small, non-perennial tributary of the Klein Berg River (Figure 2.4).
Virtually the entire course of the main stream (~9.20 km) is located on Steinthal. The
stream joins up with the Klein Berg River inside the Tulbagh urban edge. The final ~1.8 km
is inside the urban edge. No weirs or dams, etc have been constructed on the stream. The
TIERKLOOF AND TRIBUTARIES
FRESH WATER STORAGE DAMS
BROILER HOUSES
COMPOSTING
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
17
stream is traversed by the MR 5 Steinthal road in two places. The relevant sections pass
through cement culverts underneath the road.
A system of off-stream dams stores water from the stream on Steinthal. An additional dam
is located on Schoonderzicht. Only Steinthal currently draws water from the Tierkloof
stream. Abstraction takes place where the Tierkloof reaches the lower foot slopes of the
Witzenberg, well above any existing and proposed farming and institutional activities.
Two existing broiler houses on the lower site are located <70 m of the Tierkloof. The site
however drains towards an intervening irrigation storage dam (N1). An internal tar road on
the Estate separate the lower site from the relevant dam. The road is lined with cement
stormwater culverts.
Tributaries are located on Schoonderzicht, Kruys Vallei and Sagtevlei. Associated farming
and residential activities on these properties located either upslope from waste water
generating activities on Steinthal, or within the Tierkloof’s catchment, but on the other bank
of the stream relative to Steinthal.
2.7.8. Freshwater storage dams
No natural dams or lakes are located on Steinthal. 9 Manmade dams are located on the
Estate. With the exception of the uppermost storage dam (Figure 2.4.), all the dams store
only irrigation water. Water is primarily drawn from the Tierkloof. The 9 dams are
interconnected, and provide for a registered use of 340 000 m3/a (see Section 5 of WWMP).
The Klipfontein (irrigation storage) dam is located directly to the north-west of the abattoir
site.
2.7.9. Vegetation
Natural vegetation on Steinthal and surrounding farms is essentially limited to steeper
terrain upslope of the relevant activities, and consists of Mountain Fynbos on edaphic,
sandstone and shale derived soils. Remnant patches of historically disturbed and degraded
Renosterveld occur on clayey patches associated with shale outcroppings at mid-elevation.
According to Mucina & Rutherford (2006), the vegetation type on the relevant portion of
Steinthal is classified as Breede Shale Renosterveld. Mucina & Rutherford lists the
vegetation type as Vulnerable, but it is no longer listed as Vulnerable in the 2011 National
List of Threatened Ecosystems (G 34809, GRN 1002).
2.7.10. Habitat and Fauna
The SANBI Witzbenberg Critical Biodiversity Areas Fine Scale Map indicate that the middle
portion of Steinthal Estate consists mainly of NNR (“No Natural Area Remaining”), but with
some ONA (“Other Natural Areas”), mainly associated with ephemeral drainage lines
(www.sanbi.org/fsp/witzenberg/CBA.asp).
The Tierkloof stream, may provide habitat to small mammalian carnivores such as
mongooses. Opportunistic passerine scavengers such as pied crows and medium-sized
raptors such as buzzards (Buteo spp.) are also common in the region. Due to proximity to
the urban edge, occasional stray dogs and feral cats may also occur. Norwegian rats and
mice have been known to occur on Steinthal.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
18
2.7.11. Archeological and historical
No known archeological or paleontological sites are located on Steinthal. Permanent
settlement of the Tulbagh Valley dates to the period 1700-1740. Historical houses in
Tulbagh, and picturesque orchards against the scenic backdrop of the Winterhoek and
Witzenberge has made the Tulbagh valley into a key provincial tourist destination. Tulbagh
town currently has the highest concentration of listed heritage structures in South Africa (38
for a town of ~6 500).
The only national monument located outside of Tulbagh is on Steinthal, namely the Rhenish
Missionary Church (1834). The listing is associated with the erection and use of the building
as church to emancipated slaves on the Estate. The Church is currently used as an
interpretation centre by the Steinthal school, but receives virtually no tourists (Dreyer –
pers. comm). The Church is located within the Institutional/ administrative cluster of
Steinthal, ~400 m south-west of the abattoir).
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
19
SECTION 3: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES
3.1. INTRODUCTION
This section provides an overview of the following:
• The scale and extent of activities;
• Associated infrastructure;
• A typical production cycle;
• Process inputs;
• Process outputs, including waste and wastewater;
• Associated traffic movements; and
• Labour requirements.
3.2. PRODUCTION SCALE/ EXTENT
Activities would be confined to 7 pre-existing structures on 3 sites on the Estate (Figure
3.1.).
Figure 3.1. Location of broiler house sites and structures 1-7
Batches of ~6000 chicks would be bought in from external growers at appropriate intervals
to achieve continuous stocking within the operation of three sets of 6000 broilers (total of
~18 000 at any given time), each set of a different age. This would ensure staggering of
STEINTAL BOUNDARY
PUBLIC ROAD
SERVITUDE ROAD
INTERNAL TARRED
INTERNAL GRAVEL
TIERKLOOF
SCHOONDERZICHT
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
20
production within the available structures. Production cycles are 42 days long. This
translates into approximately 9.1 production cycles per year, amounting to a theoretical
maximal throughput of approximately 163 800 individual birds per year. Broilers would be
exclusively slaughtered at the proposed upgraded abattoir on the Estate.
Broiler farming operations would be carried out 365 days a year, with skeleton staff
performing essential duties over weekends and on public holidays.
3.3. INFRASTRUCTURE
Information with regard to the seven relevant structures is provided in Table 3.1. below.
Table 3.1. Overview of broiler farming structures:
STRUCTURE TYPE SIZE STATUS CURRENT USE
1 (Lower site) New
construction
(2003)
76 m2 Rezoning
application
pending.
Approval of
building
plans
pending
Disused since 2008.
Storage rooms attached to
structures 5-6 and structure 7
used for ad hoc storing of farm
equipment (plastic crates, bags,
etc).
2 (Lower site) 91 m2
3 (Upper site) 76 m2
4 (Upper site 76 m2
5 (Upper site) New
construction
(2007)
250 m2
6 (Lower site) 250 m2
7
(Central site)
Converted
pre-existing
building
230 m2 Zoned for
broiler
farming use
(2000).
The three houses on each of the upper and lower sites could between them accommodate
>6000 broilers (> 12 000 total). Structure 7 could only accommodate 3 700 broilers. The
remaining 2300 birds would be distributed between the other 6 structures, taking into
account available space at any given time.
Consent Use zoning still needs to be obtained for structures 1-6 (pending S24G approval),
and building plans for these structures still need to be approved (pending rezoning). No
activities may commence prior to these approvals.
The buildings have been disused since 2008, and would require thorough inspection and
maintenance prior to operations starting up again. This would include inspections of the
structures, access control measures, as well as of electrical and water/ wastewater
connections. Measures should then be taken to damage repairs and otherwise ensure that
the buildings conform to approved plans.
Broiler houses at the upper site are exposed to traffic along the Schoonderzicht servitude
road to the south, and houses on Bella Vista to the north. The buildings should be neatly
painted in a neutral color (e.g. white), and indigenous shrubs and trees should be planted to
provide adequate visual screening.
Broiler houses 1 and 4-7 are currently connected to the Estate’s wastewater system (Figure
3.2.). Houses 2 and 6 currently drain into a cement stormwater culvert adjacent to an
internal tarred road on the Estate. Broiler houses 2 and 6 would need to be connected to the
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
21
central wastewater system prior to stocking with any broilers. A new line (blue in Figure
3.2.) would be required to link the houses to the ETP system. Due to site gradient, gravity
fed reticulation to primary ETP would not be feasible. An accredited service provider should
advise on construction once S24G approval has been obtained. Construction should conform
to any requirements made by the Witzenberg authorities (building plans).
Figure 3.2. Existing and proposed wastewater pipelines and existing drains/ tanks
3.4. PRODUCTION CYCLE OVERVIEW
Day-old chicks would be bought in from accredited hatcheries a set of ~6000 at a time. An
entire set would initially be placed in a nursery area, fitted with infrared spot lamps and
heaters – any of structures 5, 6 or structure 7. At approximately 14 days chicks are
distributed to the remaining relevant structures. Only chicks from structure 7 are moved to
other sites.
Typical inputs until slaughter would consist of broiler bedding (wooden shavings), formula
feed, fresh water, electricity (temperature control), vaccines and medicines. In addition to
inputs and output volumes, the health of birds would need to be monitored and recorded on
an ongoing basis. Surface manure and mortalities would be removed on a daily basis.
Manure would be deposited at the proposed composting site, and mortalities taken to the
abattoir for temporary freezing and weekly safe off-site disposal.
At approximately 42 days the broilers would be ready for slaughter. Typical average
slaughter weight depends on a number of factors, and may range between 1.5 and 2.3 kg.
2.3 kg represents an industry standard for broilers at around 42 days.
EXISTING PIPELINES
PROPOSED PIPELINES
SEPTIC TANKS/ DRAINS
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
22
Batches of up to 1000 broilers per day would be rounded up before dawn (to minimize heat
stress), packed into suitable crates, and transported via Steinthal’s internal road network
(1,2,6,7) or a short length of the Schoonderzicht servitude road (3-5) in suitable vehicles to
the abattoir and presented for slaughter. If for any reason birds could not be slaughtered on
any given day, the birds would be returned to the broiler houses. In order not to create a
bio-security risk, broilers bought in from external growers for the abattoir would be returned
to their farms of origin.
Once a broiler house has been completely vacated, it would be thoroughly cleaned (“deep
cleaning”). Solid material is manually removed with shovels, the floors are swept, and
finally hosed down with a high-pressure hose after disinfectant soap has been administered.
Structures 1-7 are all fitted with individual high pressure hose connections. Workers would
be issued with protective clothing/ gear to undertake deep cleaning operations, and would
be required to take disinfectant showers after cleaning for the purposes of bio-security.
Broiler manure and bedding from deep-cleaning would be transported to the proposed
composting site via the Estate’s internal road network and the Schoonderzicht servitude
road. In order to prevent spillage during transport, material would be transported in mesh-
weave bags on vehicles with enclosed loading beds. In order to ensure waste is not left
unprocessed at the composting site for longer than 48 hours, deep cleaning would typically
be carried out on Mondays – Thursdays. This would also enable workers at the composting
site to timeously screen out broiler mortalities, and redirect such waste to the abattoir for
freezing and safe disposal.
Cleaned structures would be left vacant for 8 to 14 days prior to restocking with the next
set. Immediately prior to restocking, the inside of the cages would be sprayed with a broad-
spectrum disinfectant product.
3.5. PROCESS INPUTS
3.5.1. Chicks
Approximately 163 800 day-old chicks per year would be bought in from accredited
hatcheries, in batches of ~6000. The chicks would be pre-inoculated against Newcastle
disease and IBV (infectious bronchitis).
3.5.2. Bedding
Approximately 830 m³ of wooden shavings would be required per year. The shavings are
commonly sold as a by-product of carpentry and woodworking manufacturing. Packaging
varies according to supplier, but pre-packaged 0.5 m³ mesh-weave plastic bags are not
uncommon. Storage rooms are attached to structures 5 and 6 would be used for storing
shavings and empty bags.
3.5.3. Feed
Approximately 622.44 t pelletized feed would be needed per year. Broilers would be
exclusively fed on pelletized feed provided by an external commercial feed manufacturer,
such as Epol Feeds in Worcester. Two formula-types would typically be used. Starter feed
would be fed to chicks up to 18 days of age, and Grower feed until slaughter. Feed would be
manually poured into stationary plastic feeders by workers on a daily basis. One feeder is
provided for every 100 broilers.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
23
Feed would be transported to the Estate by 18 or 32 ton feed trucks, as is typical in the
feeds industry. Feed will be deposited mechanically from the trucks into the silos. In order
to prevent Vitamin E degradation, silos will not be filled to capacity, but restocked at
approximately 2 week intervals. 2-3 Feed deliveries per month would be required. Trips may
potentially be split between the broiler rearing operation and other farming operations (e.g.
dairy cattle).
4 x metal broiler feed silos (9 ton capacity) were historically located on the lower (x2) and
upper (x2) sites. The silos were removed in 2008, and new silos would need to be installed.
Use should be made of existing concrete footings.
3.5.4. Water
Extrapolations from historic operations indicate that approximately 713 m3 treated fresh
water would be required per year for drinking and cleaning purposes. Water would be
obtained from the Estate’s central fresh water reticulation network via existing connections
to each of the 7 houses. The Estate’s treated fresh water is drawn from the Tierkloof
stream, well above human activities, and treated at the Estate’s freshwater treatment plant
prior to reticulation. Water is treated to SANS 241 Drinking water: Class II standard
(minimum). The CWDM: EH currently monitors water quality on a quarterly basis.
Drinking water would supplied by gravitation feed from 200 liter storage tanks located on
the roof of each structure. The water would made available to the broilers by means of
suspended automated plastic dispensers fitted with weight-pressure valves. 6-8 x 0.25 liter
(capacity) dispensers would be required for every 100 mature broilers.
Use of cleaning water (estimated 63 m3/a) would be mainly associated with the washing of
broiler houses at the end of production cycles. High-pressure connections are located
outside each broiler house. In addition, existing taps located outside each of the relevant
structures would be used on a daily basis by workers to wash their hands and boots as well
as equipment.
3.5.5. Electricity
Electricity use would be mainly associated with the use of infrared spotlights and electric
heaters in nurseries, and should therefore be minimal. Based on historical records, the
operation would require >5 000 kWh/ month (averaged over a year period). Actual use
would be greatest over the winter months.
3.5.6. Vaccines
Typical vaccination programmes at Steinthal were historically comprised of:
• Newcastle disease and IBV on days 10 and 21. Vaccine was applied dissolved in water
by means of a manually operated spray atomizer. 2 x 5000 dosage vials (5 ml capacity
at 50% active ingredient/ volume) of live vaccine per month was typically required for a
stocking rate of 18 000;
• Gumboro disease at 12 days. The vaccine was administered diluted in the drinking
water. 1 x 5000 dosage vial (5 ml capacity at 50% active ingredient/ volume) of
lyophilized live vaccine per month was typically required for a stocking rate of 18 000.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
24
A professional veterinarian would be required to compile vaccination programmes prior to
the starting up of activities. All vaccines would be kept by the poultry rearing manager’s in a
refrigerator, and applied personally.
3.5.7. Use of chemicals
The use of chemicals is mainly associated with soaps and disinfectants would be used for
cleansing purposes. The following product types would be required:
• Disinfectant soap: Based on historical operations, approximately 100 liters of
disinfectant soap would be required per year. Key uses would include staff biosecurity
(washing of boots and hands) and the washing of floors during deep cleaning. Historical
operations made use of Dermosan. It is recommended that this product also be used in
resumed operations, as the relevant Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) indicates that
the product does not pose any risk to the environment1.
• Broad spectrum disinfectant: Approximately 20 liters/ year of disinfectant will be needed
for the broiler farming operations. A broad spectrum fungicidal, virucidal and bactericidal
disinfectant specifically formulated against poultry pathogens would be required. Broiler
houses would be sprayed with diluted disinfectant prior to restocking. Historical
operations made use of “Virukill”. It is recommended that this product also be used in
resumed operations, as the relevant MSDS indicates that the product does not pose any
risk to the environment, and that the containers are suitable for disposal as general
waste2. Virukill is hazardous to human health when ingested, or if the undiluted product
is inhaled, and gloves and a mask should be worn when the product is being handled.
The relevant products are typically supplied in 25 liter re-usable plastic HDPE containers by
the industry.
3.5.8. Poisons
No poisons would be used directly by the poultry operator. An accredited pest control
service provider would be appointed to provide fly and rodent control programmes. The
service provider would be responsible for handling, maintaining and disposing of all poisons,
bait stations, etc. Rodent mortalities would be disposed of along with broiler mortalities,
unless specified otherwise by the pest control service provider.
3.5.9. Plastic bags and crates
Durable, re-usable plastic mesh-weave bags would be used for various purposes. These
would include the transport and storage of bedding and the collection and transport of
compostable waste. Bags would also be used to draw feed from the silos. Different sets of
bags would be kept to ensure no waste bags are used as feed bags. Bags would be kept in
the enclosed stores attached to Structures 5 and 6.
Plastic crates would be used for the transport of broilers to the abattoir. The crates would
conform to the requirements of the Poultry Regulations of 2006 (R. 61-64). Crates would be
washed and sterilized at the abattoir and stored indoors in one of the vacant storage
buildings near Structure 7.
1 Material Safety Data Sheet 1D078000 (JohnsonDiversey; 29/07/2002 revision 2).
2 Novartis AH, October 2005.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
25
3.6. PROCESS OUTPUTS
Outputs would be comprised of grown broilers and of various waste streams.
3.6.1. Grown broilers
Taking into account typical mortality rates, operations would produce up to ~150 700 grown
broilers per year. The broilers would be slaughtered at the proposed abattoir.
3.6.2. Mortalities
Mortality rates are considerably higher in chicks than in older birds. The majority of
mortalities are caused by temperature stresses. The typical mortality rate for a well-run
operation of the intended scale is approximately 8% per production cycle. This translates
into approximately 13 104 birds per year. At an average weight of 2.3 kg per adult bird, this
translates into 30 139.2 kg (= ca. 30 ton) per year. Mortalities would be collected daily,
temporarily stored in a dedicated waste freezer at the proposed abattoir, and disposed off-
site at a licensed facility weekly. No mortalities would be accepted for composting on
Steinthal.
Bins, conforming to specifications of R.18 and 19 of the Poultry Regulations, would be
provided for the daily collection and transport of mortalities.
3.6.3. Manure
Based on historical measurements on Steinthal Estate, operations would produce a
maximum of approximately 309.3 m³ of manure per year. This figure includes shavings
clinging to the manure at the time of removal.
From approximately life cycle-day 4 or 5 onward, manure would removed from the broiler
houses at least three times per week. Removal would be done manually, with shovels. The
manure would be collected in plastic bags, and taken to the composting site for processing.
3.6.4. Bedding
For the purposes of this OEMP it is assumed that maximum annual waste generation from
this source would equal inputs, and constitute 830 m³ of shavings per year. Used bedding
would be taken to the composting site for composting.
3.6.5. General waste
It is anticipated that general waste generation would be minimal, and would likely consist of
torn mesh-weave bags, broken crates and staff waste (sweet wrappers, paper, etc). A large
waste container (bin with heavy lid) would be provided at the relevant sites. General waste
would be disposed of together with the rest of the Estate’s general domestic waste, namely
placed at the manned Estate entrance for weekly collection by Witzenberg Municipality’s
waste disposal trucks.
3.6.6. Potentially hazardous waste
The relevant material would consist of a very small number of used vaccination ampoules.
In total, operations would generate 3 x 5 ml ampoules per month = 36 x 5 ml ampoules per
year. This small quantity is safe for disposal along with the Estate’s general household
waste.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
26
3.6.7. Waste water
Cleaning operations would generate an estimated 63 m³/ year of treatable waste water per
year (WWMP, 2013). As indicated above, broiler houses 2 and 6 would need to be
connected to the ETP system prior to any stocking. In addition, given the long period of
dormancy since 2008, existing wastewater connections would need to be checked for leaks,
and repaired as necessary.
3.8. ASSOCIATED ON-SITE TRAFFIC FLOWS
Traffic flows would be associated with chicks and feed from external suppliers via the
Steinthal public road, and internal traffic flows between the broiler houses, abattoir and
composting site. Movement to and from the upper houses would require use of a portion of
the Schoonderzicht servitude road (Figure 3.1). Heavy vehicle movements would only be
associated with chicks and feed, and would consist of around 8 trips per month in total.
3.9. LABOR
Operations would require approximately 4 laborers plus an operations manager. From
Monday to Friday, two teams of two laborers each would be responsible for the upper and
lower sites, respectively. The teams would take turns to share duties at structure 7. Shifts
would be from 7h00 to 17h00, and would include an hour lunch break. Duties on Saturdays
and Sundays would be carried out by 2 workers per time on a rotation basis. Shifts would
be from 6h00 to 9h00 and 15h00 to 17h00.
In accordance with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA),
workers would be trained to perform all necessary functions in a safe manner, and respond
to emergency situations.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
27
SECTION 4: BASELINE INFORMATION
Please refer to Section 4 of the WWMP for baseline information with regard to the following:
• ETP treated water quality;
• ETP sludge levels and quality;
• Tierkloof water quality (upstream and downstream sample points);
• Tierkloof water use profile;
• Irrigated soils physical and chemical characteristics, and
• Control soils physical and chemical characteristics.
Sampling, recording and monitoring programmes for these aspects are provided in the
WWMP (Section 6). Figure 4.1. below provides an overview of the location of specified
monitoring points:
• Tierkloof upstream-downstream monitoring points and 3 contingency sample points (D-
F);
• Treated wastewater quality (Pond 6) and sludge composition (Pond 1) at the ETP;
• And irrigated and control soils. In addition, provision is made for a second control soil
adjacent to the composting site (orange dot).
Figure 4.1. Overview of WWMP and Composting OEMP monitoring points.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
28
SECTION 5. APPICABLE LEGISLATION
5.1. INTRODUCTION
This section outlines key applicable legislation. The focus is on broiler farming activities.
Please refer to the parallel WWMP and Composting OEMP with regard to legislation
concerning water and wastewater use and disposal by composting, respectively.
5.2. NEMA (ACT NO. 107 OF 1998)
The National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998 – as amended – “NEMA”)
puts into effect a broad management framework with regard to the implementation of the
Environmental rights outlined in section 24 of Chapter 2 (“Bill of Rights”) of the
Constitution.
Section 28 of NEMA provides for a general Duty of Care towards the environment, which
obliges every person who causes, has caused or may cause significant environmental
degradation to take reasonable measures to prevent such degradation from occurring,
continuing or recurring (section 28 (1)). The obligation to take reasonable measures is
imposed on, amongst others, a land owner, a person in control of land or a person who has
the right to use the land on which relevant activities are located (section 28 (2)).
In terms of Section 30 the Steinthal Estate Board is obliged to report “all incidents” to the
relevant authorities. An “incident” is defined in S. 30 (1) (a) as an unexpected sudden
occurrence. including a major emission, fire or explosion leading to serious danger to the
public or potentially serious pollution of or detriment to the environment, whether
immediate or delayed. Key potential incidents at the proposed composting facility are likely
to include:
• accidental releases of untreated waste or wastewater into the environment (major leaks
or spills);
• Natural disasters or damage which cause broilers or waste to be released into the
environment;
• Fire in a broiler house.
Section 30 (3) obliges Steinthal to forthwith establish the nature of the incident; any risks
posed by the incident to public health, safety and property; the toxicity of substances or
by-products released by the incident; and any steps that should be taken in order to avoid
or minimise the effects of the incident on public health and the environment, and notify the
following parties accordingly: DEA&DP, South African Police Services, local fire fighting
service (if applicable), any relevant provincial head of department or the local municipality,
as well as all persons whose health or property may be affected by the incident.
Section 30 (4) obliges Steinthal to, as soon as reasonably practicable after knowledge of the
incident, take all reasonable measures to contain and minimise the effects of the incident,
including its effects on the environment and any risks posed by the incident; undertake
clean-up procedures to remedy the effects of the incident; and assess the immediate and
long-term effects of the incident on the environment and public health.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
29
Section 30 (5) obliges Steinthal to report, within 14 days of the incident having taken place,
the following information to the same parties identified in 30 (3):
• the nature of the incident;
• the substances involved and an estimation of the quantity released and their possible
acute effect on persons and the environment and data needed to assess these effects;
• initial measures taken to minimise impacts;
• causes of the incident, whether direct or indirect. including equipment, technology.
system. or management failure; and
• measures taken and to be taken to avoid a recurrence of such incident.
Sections 30 (7) provide for appropriate responses from the relevant authorities, including
the issuing of verbal and written directives. Section 30 (6) provides that Steinthal must
undertake all response/ remedial measures specified by the authorities within stipulated
timeframes.
5.2.1. NEMA Basic Assessment Regulations, R386 of 2006
The NEMA Regulations provide schedules of listed activities which would require
environmental assessment processes to be undertaken prior to the start of activities.
Activities listed in R386 would require a Basic Environmental Assessment to be undertaken.
Broiler farming activities would trigger the following scheduled activities:
1 (h) The construction of facilities or infrastructure, including associated structures or
infrastructure, for the concentration of animals for the purpose of commercial production in
densities that exceed - (v) three square meters per head of poultry and more than 250
poultry per facility at any time, excluding chicks younger than 20 days.
17 Phased activities where any one phase of the activity may be below a threshold
specified in the Schedule (i.e. R.386) but where a combination of the phases, including
expansions and extensions, exceed the specified thresholds, of viz. exceeding 1000m² of
covered structures for the rearing of broiler chickens in an area not zoned for agri-industrial
purposes, as defined in sub-regulation 1 (j)3.
Any conditions which may be set by DEA&DP in the record of decision must be
implemented.
5.2.2. NEMA Basic Assessment Regulations, R544 of 2010
New NEMA Regulations came into effect in August 2010. The Schedule in R386 of 2006 is
repealed by R544 of 2010. R 386. The current application however predates the
promulgation of R544. The following listed activities functionally replace the activities listed
in terms of R 386:
[6] The construction of facilities or infrastructure for the concentration of – (ii). more than
5000 poultry per facility situated outside an urban area, excluding chicks younger than 20
days.
3 viz. The construction of facilities or infrastructure, including associated structures or infrastructure, for agro-industrial purposes outside areas zoned for industrial purposes that cover an area of 1 000 square meters or more. ( where “agri-industrial” is defined as: an undertaking involving the production, processing, manufacture, packaging or storage of agricultural produce….
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
30
(28) The expansion of existing facilities for any process or activity where such expansion
will result in the need for a new, or amendment of, an existing permit or license in terms of
national or provincial legislation governing the release of emissions or pollution, excluding
where the facility, process or activity is included in the list of waste management activities
published in terms of section 19 of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act,
2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008) in which case that Act will apply.
5.3. WATER USE
Implementation of water legislation is primarily administrated by the Department of Water
Affairs (DWA), with functions delegated to the Western Cape DWA.
5.3.1. National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998)
The National Water Act (NWA) provides a framework for the equitable allocation and
sustainable management of water resources. Both surface and groundwater sources are
redefined by the Act as national resources which cannot be owned by any individual, and
rights to which are not automatically coupled to land rights, but for which prospective users
must apply for allocation and register as users. The NWA also provides for measures to
prevent, control and remedy the pollution of surface and groundwater sources.
Section 19 outlines measures for the prevention and remediation of pollution, and Section
20 measures in response to emergency incidents. The measures outlined in S. 20 are
essentially the same as NEMA S.30.
Section 21 identifies water users and uses which need to be registered and licensed,
including: (b) storing water, (e) engaging in a controlled activity identified as such in
section 37(1) or declared under section 38(1), (g) disposing of waste in a manner which
may detrimentally impact on a water resource.
In terms of GN 399 of 2004 (‘General Authorization”) in terms of S.39 of the NWA, Steinthal
is currently authorized to treat and dispose of (by irrigation) up to 63 m3/ d (peak flow), at
an annual rate not exceeding 17 713 m3, and provided that irrigation only takes place
during the summer months, and further adheres to GA Schedule 2 conditions and
parameters. Refer to the WWMP Section 5 for a detailed overview of GN 399 and
management implications for Steinthal.
5.4. WASTE
Implementation of NEM:WA and waste legislation is primarily administrated by the
Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), with functions delegated to the Western Cape
DEA&DP.
As broiler mortalities would be temporarily stored (frozen) at the proposed abattoir, certain
sections of the 2006 Poultry Regulations are also applicable. The Poultry Regulations are
primarily the responsibility of the DAFF, with functions delegated to the Western Cape
Department of Agriculture.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
31
5.4.1. NEM: WASTE ACT (Act 59 of 2008)
NEM: WA is one of a number of acts which focuses on applying the national environmental
management framework outlined in NEMA to specific aspects of environment management,
e.g. bio-diversity, air quality and waste management. NEM: WA specifically deals with
matters pertaining to all waste management, including wastewater.
Objectives of the Act outlined in Section 2 include (a) to protect health, well-being and the
environment by providing reasonable measures for (iii) reducing, re-using, recycling and
recovering waste; (v) preventing pollution and ecological degradation; and (vi) securing
ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and social
development.
Section 6 (1) makes provision for the development of a National Waste Management
Strategy (NWMS) to give effect to the key objectives of the Act, including the provision of
measures to ensure that waste disposal activities are not harmful to people or the
environment as per Section 24 of the Constitution.
Section 20 (b) provides that no waste management activity listed in terms of Section 19 of
the Act may be undertaken without a waste management license (WML) or without historic
licenses or GAs in place.
5.4.2. National Waste Management Strategy (2011)
The NWMS, as provided for in S. 6 (1) of NEM: WA was approved by cabinet in November
2011. The NWMS is based on the waste hierarchy concept, as first outlined in the 1999
White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management, which identifies waste
avoidance and reduction as the basal strategy, and disposal by landfilling as last resort (i.e.
top of the hierarchy pyramid). After avoidance, recovery, re-use and recycling comprise the
second most basal level of the waste management hierarchy/ strategy.
Broiler farming operations should strive to:
• minimize solid waste generation (e.g. by re-using bags and crates);
• minimize wastewater generation (e.g. by correct use of cleaning equipment);
• re-use/ recycle organic material which could be safely composted at Steinthal or an off-
site licensed facility;
• capture, treat and beneficially irrigate with wastewater;
• only dispose by landfill such waste which cannot be safely disposed of otherwise (e.g.
mortalities).
5.4.3. NEM:WA Regulations (2009)
The Waste Regulations (GRN 718 of 2009) were promulgated in terms of Section 19 (1) of
NEM: WA, and defines activities which would require application for a waste management
license.
The Schedule provides for Category A (3 (1-20)) and Category B (4 (1-11)) activities.
Category A activities include: 3 (17) The storage, treatment, or processing of animal
manure at a facility with a capacity to process in excess of one ton per day.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
32
Steinthal is currently in the process of applying for a WML to operate a small General type
Communal size (G:C) waste management facility for the purposes of composting broiler
manure, bedding and feathers.
5.5.2. Poultry Regulations, R153 of 2006
The Poultry Regulations were promulgated in terms of Section 22 of the Meat Safety Act
(Act No. 40 of 2000). The purpose of the Regulations is to apply the intent and general
provisions of the Meat Safety Act to the operation of specifically poultry abattoirs.
Part VIII (Sections 89-95) outline the requirements for the treatment and disposal of
condemned material/ slaughter waste, and are also applicable to broiler mortalities which
would be disposed of via the abattoir.
Section 89. (1) provides that carcasses which cannot be passed for human or animal
consumption must be –
• (a) placed in a theft proof container which has been clearly marked “CONDEMNED”, in
letters not less than 10 cm high, or conspicuously marked with a stamp bearing the
word "CONDEMNED", using green ink;
• (b) kept in a holding area or a room or dedicated chiller provided for the purpose, except
if removed on a continuous basis; and
• (c) removed from the abattoir at the end of the working day or be secured in a
dedicated chiller or freezer at an air temperature of at least minus 2 °C.
S. 89 (3) provides that the abattoir owner is responsible for complying with all legal
requirements or conditions relating to the safeguarding of any carcass which cannot be
passed for human or animal consumption. S.90 provides for permissible ways of disposing
of such condemned material:
• 90. (a) total incineration (at a licensed facility);
• (b) denaturing and burial of condemned material at a safe site, approved by the PEO
and local government (i.e. Witzenberg Municipality);
• (c) processing at a registered sterilizing plant; and
• (d) any other method for which a protocol has been approved by the PEO – e.g.
composting at a licensed facility, or disposal at a licensed landfill site, as was
recommended by the PEO, Dr Christie Kloppers, and is currently proposed.
S.94. provides measures applicable to the transport of condemned material/ waste. S.94
(1) provides that a dedicated vehicle should be used for transporting waste, and that such a
vehicle may not be used to transport edible product. S. 94 (2) provides that the load space
must be lockable, theft proof, and sealable.
5.5. HUMANE TREATMENT OF BIRDS
Implementation of key legislation is primarily administrated by the DAFF, with functions
delegated to the Western Cape Department of Agriculture.
Both the Meat Safety Act and the Poultry Regulations (S. 62-67) make provision for the
humane treatment of birds during capture and transport. Provisions in both require
adherence to the provisions of the Animals Protection Act of 1962.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
33
5.5.1. Animals Protection Act (Act 71 of 1962)
The Animal Protection Act is aimed at preventing cruelty to animals, including chickens
(“fowl”) (Definitions).
In terms of the Act, the owner of an animal includes any person having the possession,
charge, custody or control of that animal (Definitions), or who is capable of, by the exercise
of reasonable care and supervision, preventing acts of cruelty occurring (S. 2). In this
definition, broiler farming management (directly) and the SEB (supervisory) would both be
responsible for ensuring the welfare of broilers on Steinthal.
Section 1 defines punishable offences in terms of the Act. The following subsections are of
specific relevance to Steinthal:
• 1 (a) ill-treatment, neglect, torture, maiming, kicking or terrifying of animals;
• (b) confining animals in conditions which are likely to cause suffering, including
confinement which affords inadequate space, ventilation, light, protection and shelter
from heat, cold and weather;
• (c) unnecessarily starving, under-feeding or withholding sufficient drinking water;
• (e) deliberately or negligently keeps animals in dirty or parasitic conditions, failure to
provide veterinary care, and failure to destroy injured or diseased animals;
• (m) conveys, carries or confines an animal in conditions which may cause unnecessary
suffering (i), or in conditions which are overly exposed to heat, cold, weather, sun, rain,
dust or exhaust gases and noxious fumes (ii);
5.5.2. Meat Safety Act (Act 40 of 2000)
The Meat Safety Act is the most fundamental piece of legislation with regard to the
operation of abattoirs. Essential national standards which apply to all abattoirs are defined
in Section 11 (1). Of these, the following are of key relevance:
• 11 (1) (h). Animals presented for slaughter must be handled humanely during loading,
transportation, off-loading, housing, immobilizing and killing, as prescribed by the
Animals Protection Act.
5.5.2. Poultry Regulations, R153 of 2006
Part V (s. 62-71) outlines requirements for the humane treatment of poultry. Sections 61-
64 also apply to broiler farming operations:
Section 61 addresses the catching and transport of poultry, and provides that (1) catching
of poultry on the farm and transport to the abattoir must be done considering the Animal
Protection Act 1962 (Act no. 71 of 1962).
Section 63 concerns requirements for vehicles and containers during transport. S.63. (1)
provides that crates must be designed such that sufficient shelter, shade and ventilation
are provided for birds in transit. S. 63. (3) prohibits the tying of legs during transport. S 63
(2) provides that crates used to transport poultry must –
• 62. (2).(b) not be overloaded, enabling all birds to rest on the floor of the crate at the
same time;
• (c) be high enough to allow poultry to move their heads in a normal upright manner
when sitting on the floor;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
34
• (d) have a lid that can be secured to prevent the birds from escaping;
• (e) be constructed to prevent protrusion of the head, wings, legs, feet and toes; and
• (f) be manufactured free of sharp edges or any features which could cause any injuries;
Section 64 provides measures applicable during offloading. Provisions include:
• 64. (1) Vehicles waiting to offload live poultry, and crates with live poultry after
offloading, must be parked or put in a shaded area while maintaining ventilation through
crates.
• (2) Crates with live poultry must be handled with care in such a manner as to avoid
unnecessary suffering, injury, pain and excitement of birds.
• (3) Birds received in crates must be slaughtered within four hours of arrival at the
abattoir and may not be kept overnight.
• (4) Birds that are seen to be moribund, excessively injured or unfit for slaughter at
offloading, must be euthanized without delay and destroyed.
• (5) Birds that are injured while awaiting slaughter must be preferentially slaughtered.
• (6) The owner of a vehicle must ensure that the vehicle used to transport poultry to an
abattoir is kept in a clean and hygienic condition.
5.6. ANIMAL HEALTH AND BIO-SECURITY
Implementation of the Meat Safety Act and Regulations is primarily administrated by the
DAFF, with functions delegated to the Western Cape Department of Agriculture (Provincial
Executive Officer (PEO)).
5.6.1. Animal Diseases Act (Act 35 of 1984)
Regulatory measures for animal health in South Africa are governed by the Animal Diseases
Act. The purpose of the Act is to provide measures for the control of animal diseases and
parasites, and to promote animal health. In terms of the Act, a “controlled animal disease”
is any disease for which a particular control measure has been prescribed (definitions).
The Act empowers the Minister to declare/ list controlled and notifiable animal diseases.
According to the DAFF: Directorate Animal Health, no notifiable poultry diseases are
currently listed.
The following controlled poultry diseases are currently listed:
• Any animal disease or infectious agent not known to occur in South Africa;
• Newcastle disease;
• Notifiable avian influenza (“bird flu”);
• Psittacosis;
• Salmonella Enteriditis;
• Salmonella Gallinarum (Fowl typhoid);
• Salmonella Pullorum;
• All types of tuberculosis4.
4 www.nda.agric.za/vetweb/Disease Control/List of controlled notifiable Animal Diseases 2007.pdf,
posted 18 June 2010.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
35
Note that in terms of both the Meat Safety Act and the Animal Health Act, the SEB would be
obliged to notify the DA: VPH immediately upon suspicion of the occurrence of any
controlled disease, both at the abattoir and broiler farming components.
5.6.2. Animal Health Act (Act 7 of 2002)
The Animal Diseases Act is complimented by, and due to be replaced by, the Animal Health
Act. The purpose of the Act is to promote animal health and control animal diseases.
Section 17 concerns the duties of owners regarding the health of animals, and is of key
relevance.
• 17 (1) (a) provides that all reasonable steps must be taken to avoid infection, prevent
the spreading of animal disease or parasite, and eradicating any disease or parasites.
• (b) provides that ill or infected birds must be appropriately treated (i), and that when
infection of any bird with a controlled disease is suspected, the incidence should be
immediately reported to the PEO in the prescribed manner (ii).
• Section 17 (1) (c) provides that the PEO should be informed of the occurrence of any
abnormal morbidity and mortality amongst birds.
In terms of S. 19, the PEO is empowered to enter, search and carry out inspections at any
reasonable time. S.20 sets out procedures for disposing diseased/ infected birds at the
discretion of the PEO.
In terms of S.24 Steinthal is required to keep copies of all official documents and
correspondence related to the broiler farming activities.
5.7. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
The Department of Labour is responsible for implementation of key legislation, with
functions delegated to the Western Cape Department of Labour.
5.7.1. Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993)
The purpose of the Act is, amongst others, to provide for the health and safety of persons at
work (…) (Preamble). In terms of the Act, a “workplace” is constituted by “any premises or
place where a person performs work in the course of his employment” (Definitions).
S.8 sets out the general duties of any employer towards employees. S. 8 (1) provides that a
reasonably safe and risk-free working environment must be provided and maintained,
including with hazard identification and avoidance (2 a-d) all along the production chain.
Further duties include OHS training, adequate work supervision, and ensuring workers
understand the scope of their responsibilities (e-j).
Section 24 deals with the duty to report certain incidents. Reportable incidents include
death, loss of consciousness, occurrence of a major catastrophe, or major spilling of a
substance which may endanger the health and safety of workers.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
36
5.7.2. OHSA Draft Regulations (R 1039 of 2005).
R 1039 of 2005 was promulgated in terms of S. 43 of the OHSA. Regulation 2 (3) requires
employers to provide workers with all safety clothing and equipment necessary to fulfill their
tasks without undue exposure to OHS risks, and 2 (5) obliges owners to train workers in
proper use and maintenance of equipment. Regulation 7 sets out minimum first-aid
response requirements. 7 (4) obliges every employer of more than 10 people to employ
someone with a valid certificate of competency in first aid which should be available at all
working hours.
5.7.3. OHSA General Administrative Regulations (R 929 of 2003)
R 929 was promulgated in 2003 in terms of S. 43 of the OHSA. Regulation 8 makes more
specific provision for the reporting of OHS incidents, as described in S.24 of OHSA. In terms
of 8 (1) (a-b), an employer must notify the Provincial Director: WC Department of Labour
within 7 days of any incident having occurred. R 9 (1) provides that a written record must
be kept of all incidents for at least 3 years.
5.8. SUMMARY OF KEY APPLICABLE LEGISLATION
An overview of key applicable legislation is provided in Table 5.1. below. Focus is on aspects
not covered in parallel OEMPs.
Table 5.1. Summary of key legal provisions
ASPECT
LEGISLATION KEY
SECTIONS
COMMENT
BIOSECURITY Animal Health Act S.17 Prevention, containment,
treatment of ill and
diseased birds
HUMANE
TREATMENT OF
BIRDS
Animals Protection Act
(Act 71 of 1962)
S. 1 (a); 2 General offences and duty
of responsibility
Meat Safety Act (2000) S. 11 (h) General requirement
during capture and
transport.
Poultry Regs (R 153 of
2006)
Part V
(R. 61-64)
Humane treatment
practices, including
catching, transport and
offloading.
MANAGEMENT
DUTIES
OHSA (1993) S.8 OHS duty towards
employees
NOTIFIABLE
INCIDENTS
NEMA S.30 Incidents, within a 14 day
period
NWA S. 19-20 Incidents which may affect
water resource
Animal Diseases Act Gazetted
Notices
List of controlled diseases
Animal Health Act S.17. (1) (c) Duty to report incidence of
controlled disease to PEO
OHSA (1993) S.24 Duty to report OHS related
incidents
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
37
ASPECT
LEGISLATION KEY
SECTIONS
COMMENT
General Administrative
Regulations (2003)
R. 8 Notification of OHSA S24
incidents to Department of
Health within 7 days
OHS OHSA (1993) S.8 OHS duty towards
employees
Draft General Safety
Regulations (2005)
S. 2 • Protective clothing;
• OHS training
S.7 • First aid requirements
RECORD
KEEPING
Animal Health Act S.24 Copies of all official
correspondence relating to
broiler farming operations
General Administrative
Regulations (2003)
R. 9 All incidents reported in
terms of S24 of OHSA
TRANSPORT Animals Protection Act
(Act 71 of 1962)
S. 1 (m) Humane treatment of live
birds during transport
Poultry Regs (R 153 of
2006)
R .63 Requirements for vehicles
carrying live birds
Poultry Regs (R 153 of
2006)
R . 94 Transport of slaughter
waste/ mortalities for
disposal
STAFF TRAINING Draft General Safety
Regulations (2005)
S. 2 OHS training
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
38
SECTION 6: MANAGEMENT PROVISIONS
6.1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section is to provide measures to ensure –
• operations adhere to applicable legislation;
• operations do not pose a risk to the environment;
• operations do not pose a risk to the health and safety of workers;
• operations do not pose nuisance a risk to neighbors;
• necessary records are kept;
• necessary Registers are kept;
• notifiable incidents are reported to the relevant authorities;
• a remedial response strategy is in place to deal with accidental spills and emergencies.
Focus is on operational aspects, but measures are also provided for managing key potential
(limited) construction phase impacts.
Provisions made in the 3 other OEMPs have not been duplicated. Instead, the reader is
referred to the relevant OEMPs where applicable.
6.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6.2.1. Steinthal Estate Board
As the registered landowner, the SEB would be ultimately responsible for ensuring
adherence to all provisions made in this OEMP.
Direct responsibilities would include:
• Ensuring legal compliance in terms of NEMA, NEM:WA and NWA, and such conditions of
approval as may be specified by DEA&DP;
• Ensuring material implementation of all the measures made in this OEMP;
• Implementation of soil and water quality monitoring programmes (WWMP);
• Ensuring co-ordination between broiler farming and related activities on the Estate (e.g.
abattoir, composting, wastewater treatment);
• Intervening where necessary, to ensure no birds are not mistreated, as provided in the
Animals Protection Act;
• Inspecting broiler houses on a monthly basis, and keeping a record of all site
inspections;
• Keeping of Complaints and Incidents Registers;
• Reporting notifiable incidents to the relevant authorities;
• Implementing remedial actions, as may be required;
• Ensuring annual audits against key performance indicators (KPIs) defined in this OEMP
are carried out.
Past experience on Steinthal has indicated the crucial importance of regular site inspections
by the SEB. Provision is therefore made for monthly inspections by the SEB.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
39
� A record of inspections should be included in the annual audit. The audit should assess
the frequency of inspections, and responses and timeframes in dealing with issues noted
during inspections.
6.2.2. Operator/ Poultry Manager
At this stage it is unclear whether the SEB will operate and manage operations itself, or
lease operations out to an outside party. In this OEMP, the Poultry Manager would function
as the proxy of any operator, whether the SEB or a lessee. The manager would be
responsible for day to day operations. Key operator/ management responsibilities defined in
terms of applicable legislation include:
• General duty of care towards environment, in terms of NEMA;
• Staff operational and OHS training;
• General housekeeping;
• Ensuring animals are properly cared for;
• Daily supervision, including site inspections of all broiler houses;
• Exercising duties towards ensuring health and safety of workers, as defined in terms of
S.8 of OHSA;
• Ensuring the facility and equipment are maintained in good working order;
• Keeping of operational records, as required in terms of S. 24 of the Animal Health Act;
• Reporting incidents, accidents, etc to the SEB;
• Notifying the DA: VPH of controlled diseases.
6.3. ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO COMISSIONING
This section provides an overview of aspects which would need to be addressed prior to
broiler farming activities becoming operational. A number of aspects would also require
ongoing management as long as activities remain operational (see Objectives 1-10 below).
The SEB would be responsible for ensuring the aspects below are addressed prior to broiler
farming activities resuming, either directly, or by ensuring such is affected by any lessee:
Table 6.1. Initial requirements:
ASPECT
ACTION
TIMEFRAMES
1. UPDATE OEMP
• Update with any relevant conditions of
approval specified by DEA&DP and not
currently addressed in this OEMP.
Once S24G
authorization has
been obtained.
2. REZONING
• Pending Consent
Use application
• Inform Witzenberg authorities of outcome
of S24G process;
• Obtain relevant Zoning Certificate.
Once S24G
authorization has
been obtained.
3. BUILDING PLANS
• Broiler Houses 1-6
• Resubmit plans to Witzenberg, and effect
any amendments required for approval.
Once rezoning has
been approved.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
40
ASPECT
ACTION
TIMEFRAMES
4. CONSTRUCTION
• Alterations
required by
Council;
• Repairs;
• Check & repair
electrical and
waste/ water
connections.
• Appointment of accredited contractor(s);
• Implementation of measures outlined in
S. 6.4. below.
Once building plans
have been approved.
Ongoing
maintenance to
ensure houses are in
good repair and
make a neat
impression.
5. EQUIPMENT
• Feed silos;
• Water/ feed
dispensing;
• Heaters and lamps;
• Cleaning;
• Protective gear and
clothing;
• Transport crates;
• Waste bags, bins,
drums, etc
• Check and ensure sufficient and adequate
equipment is available prior to allowing
stocking.
Prior to allowing
stocking.
To be maintained for
as long as activities
are operations
6. ACCESS
CONTROL
• Lockable buildings;
• Bird and vermin-
proof houses.
• Ensure all broiler houses and stores are
fitted with working locks;
• Ensure all houses are bird and vermin
proof.
7. SIGNAGE
• All broiler houses.
The entrances to all houses should be fitted
with prominent, weatherproof signs
indicating:
- Restricted access area;
- Wash hands and boots before
entering;
- No smoking, eating or drinking.
8. VISUAL
• Appearance of
broiler houses;
• Visual screening
houses 3-5.
• Ensure that all repairs, etc are properly
done, and make a neat impression;
• Ensure that broiler houses 3-5 are neatly
painted in a neutral color;
• Plant appropriate indigenous trees and
shrubs to screen broiler houses 3-5 from
Schoonderzicht road and houses on Bella
Vista. Preference should be given to
locally adapted, water-wise plants.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
41
ASPECT
ACTION
TIMEFRAMES
9. STAFF
FACILITIES
ACCESS
• Showers;
• First aid.
• Ensure poultry operations staff would
have access to shower facilities on the
Estate, preferably separate from facilities
used by institutional staff and learners;
• Ensure access to first aid , including to
someone qualified in providing first aid on
the Estate (e.g. at the abattoir).
10. SUPPORTING
INFRASTRUC-
TURE
• ETP;
• Composting
facility;
• Abattoir.
• Ensure provision has been made for
implementing upgrades to ETP prior to
generation of wastewater;
• Ensure provision has been made for
construction of licensed composting
facility prior to generation of any waste.
• Ensure dedicated waste freezer is
available at abattoir prior to generating
waste.
• Ensure the composting facility is
constructed according to plan prior to any
broiler waster being generated;
11. WASTE
MANAGEMENT
• Bins
• Vehicles
• Confirm arrangements with waste
processing service providers (mortalities);
• Ensure provision has been made for
suitable bins to collect, transport and
temporarily store mortalities;
• Ensure suitable vehicles are available for
the transport of manure, mortalities and
live birds.
12. SERVICE
PROVIDERS
• Fire fighting
• Pest control
• Appoint an accredited fire fighting service
provider to assess adequacy of existing
high-pressure hoses at broiler houses,
and advise on any additional equipment
required. All additional equipment
provided should include a maintenance
programme provided by the service
provider.
• Appoint an accredited pest control service
provider to implement fly and rodent
control measures according to a written
fly and rodent control plan (to be
provided by service provider). The service
provider should be responsible for
handling all baits and poisons.
13. MANAGEMENT
• Appointment of
Poultry Manager;
• Ensure that a suitably qualified person is
appointed to manage poultry operations
(Poultry Manager);
• Provide Poultry Manager with a copy of
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
42
ASPECT
ACTION
TIMEFRAMES
• OEMP provisions;
• Co-coordinating
farming
components
the OEMP, and ensure all management
provisions are understood;
• Ensure other operations managers
(abattoir, etc.) are aware of applicable
parts of this OEMP.
• Ensure cross-cutting activities (e.g.
composting, disposal of mortalities) are
properly co-ordinated between
components by providing clear channels
of communication at the outset.
14. STAFF
TRAINING
• Routine tasks;
• OHS;
• Emergencies;
• Incidents.
Ensure that provision has been made to train
all operational staff with regard to the
following:
• Proper care of birds;
• Bio-security;
• Workplace hazards and necessary
precautions;
• Safe and proper use of equipment;
• Routine equipment and infrastructure
checks;
• Solid waste and wastewater
management;
• Responses to emergencies and incidents.
15. RECORD
KEEPING
• Measuring;
• Recording.
Ensure physical provision is made for the
measuring and recording of all necessary
process information, including:
• Water meters, scales, etc to record
process inputs and outputs;
• Documenting templates.
16. CHEMICALS
• Safe storage;
• MSDS.
• Ensure broiler farming operations has
access to a lockable chemicals store for
all detergents, disinfectants and other
chemicals used;
• Ensure provision is made for the safe
storage (accessible to Poultry Manager
only) for vaccines and medicines;
• Ensure physical provision is made for the
keeping of MSDS for all chemical products
used in operations.
17. PUBLIC
COMPLAINTS
REGISTER
• Physical provision has to be made for a
ledger according to provisions made in S.
6.13 below.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
43
ASPECT
ACTION
TIMEFRAMES
18. INCIDENTS
REGISTER
• Emergencies;
• Accidents;
• Incidents.
• Physical provision has to be made for a
ledger according to provisions made in S.
6.14 below.
6.4. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
The relevant structures are all currently in existence. Alterations and repairs may be
required. Relatively minor activities are anticipated.
Alterations to existing buildings and infrastructure may be required by Council. In addition,
any damage to buildings or supporting infrastructure would need to be repaired, and broiler
houses 2 and 6 need to be connected to the central wastewater system. Broiler houses 3-5
may also need to be freshly painted.
The measurers provided in Table 6.2. below are aimed at ensuring that any necessary
activities are carried out in a responsible way. The SEB would be ultimately responsible for
appointing and supervising all contractors and sub-contractors.
Table 6.2. Construction phase measures
ITEM ASPECT
PROVISION
1. CONTRACTORS
Checks • Once plans have been approved, electrical,
fresh water and waste water connections should
be checked.
Appointment • Suitable (sub-) contractors should be appointed
to ensure structures and infrastructure comply
to specifications, built, electrical and otherwise;
• Appointees should comply with all OHSA
requirements;
• Preference should be given to contractors from
the local community (Tulbagh, Witzenberg,
CWDM).
Supervision • Work would have to be supervised on an
ongoing basis to ensure it is executed according
to plan, and that the provisions below are
implemented on-site.
Signing off • Work should only be signed off once plans have
been signed off by a building inspector.
2. SITE Limiting impacts • Care should be taken to minimize impacts to
soils and vegetation around the broiler houses,
as this may cause denudation and erosion.
• Care should be taken in choosing suitable
locations for stockpiling building material and
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
44
ITEM ASPECT
PROVISION
rubble/ building waste on the sites.
• Vehicles should stick to existing roads as far as
possible;
• Care should be taken not to damage existing
infrastructure (e.g. buried pipelines).
Neat operations • At the end of each working day, materials and
waste should be neatly and securely stockpiled.
• If building sand is required, heaps should be
kept covered to prevent blow-outs.
Post-
construction
• At the end of construction activities, the sites
must be in a neat condition, with no waste or
left-over construction material present.
• All wastes should be removed and disposed of
responsibly (see below).
3. TRAFFIC Schoonderzicht
road
• No stationary vehicles or avoidable construction
activities may block the servitude road at any
given time.
4. WASTE Asbestos waste • If any asbestos waste is present, the contractor
should ensure the requirements of the 2001
OHSA Asbestos Regulations (R. 155 of 2002)
are adhered to, specifically:
• R. 17 dealing with protective worker clothing;
and
• R.20 which deals with the safe disposal of
asbestos waste.
Construction
waste
• All waste must be neatly managed and
stockpiled during activities;
• All material should be disposed of at a licensed
facility at a licensed facility. Rubble
Waste
minimization
• Where possible and safe, demolition waste
should be re-used or recycled rather than
landfilled.
5. WASTE WATER Paints, solvents,
etc
• No chemical waste, including paints and
solvents, should be washed to drain;
• Liquid chemical waste and containers should be
safely disposed of at a licensed facility by the
relevant (sub) contractor.
6.4.1. Monitoring and auditing
Any incidents, emergencies or complaints arising from construction activities should be
recorded accordingly in the Incidents and Complaints Registers.
� The first annual OEMP audit should include assessment of the relevant Registers.
The audit should also assess whether effective post-construction clean-up activities have
taken place. The safe disposal of all construction waste should be accounted for, and no
denudation, waste or rubble should be visible at any of the sites.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
45
6.5. ONGOING LEGAL COMPLIANCE
In terms of NEMA, the SEB has a general duty of care towards the environment, including,
in its capacity of land owner, to take reasonable measures to prevent and reverse
environmental degradation/ adverse impacts on the environment and people. As legal land-
owner, the SEB is further obliged to ensure all activities on the property are carried out with
the necessary authorizations, licenses and permits in place.
In terms of OHSA, the SEB is ultimately responsible for ensuring safe workplace conditions
are provided and adhered to. In terms of the Animals Protection Act, the SEB has a similar
duty of responsibility towards animals kept or handled on its property, viz. to ensure
animals are not maltreated, are properly cared for, and maintained in a healthy state
(Animal Health Act). The SEB would also be directly responsible for implementing the
parallel OEMPs and associated monitoring programmes.
The SEB would further be required to keep certain records and Registers, as provided for
below in this OEMP. In addition, the SEB would be responsible for ensuring that notifiable
incidents are duly reported (see Section 6.15 below).
The broiler farming operator (represented by the Poultry Manager) has direct legal
obligations in terms of compliance with OHSA, the Animals Protection Act, the Animal
Diseases Act, and the Animal Health Act. The operator/ manager would be required to
physically keep records as specified in relevant legislation. The operator/ manager also has
a general duty of care towards the environment, as per NEMA S.28, including to ensure that
all Incidents are immediately reported to the SEB and the relevant authorities (S.30).
OBJECTIVE 1
ENSURING ONGOING LEGAL COMPLIANCE
Aspects/ Component/s
• Conditions of S24G approval;
• General duty of care (NEMA)
• General OHS safety provisions;
• Animal health and welfare;
• Notifiable incidents.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Adverse impacts on the environment;
• Preventable cruelty to animals;
• Adverse impacts on people and/ or property;
• Suspension of operations;
• Cancellation of licenses/ permits;
• Legal prosecution.
Key Activity/risk sources
• Implementation of conditions of approval;
• Implementation of OHS measures;
• Implementation of measures preventing
cruelty to birds;
• Notifiable incidents and remedial responses;
• Valid licenses, permits; etc;
• Documents control – recording and filing;
• Updating in response to new/ changed legal
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
46
requirements.
Target/Objectives
• Operations adhering to applicable legal
requirements at all times.
MITIGATION:
ACTION/CONTROLS
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. Conditions of authorization must be
implemented, and adhered to at all
times.
2. Copies of all key applicable
legislation should be kept on file,
and all applicable sections
understood, and highlighted for
future reference purposes, including
at least –
• OHSA;
• The Animal Health Act;
• The 2006 Poultry Regulations;
3. Operations should at all times be
conducted in a way which bespeaks
a duty of care towards the
environment, natural resources, the
welfare of birds, and the safety of
staff.
4. Notifiable incidents should be
reported according to the
procedures in S.6.16 below.
5. Any remedial/ emergency actions
specified by authorities must be
implemented.
6. The OEMP should be updated with
any new/ changed applicable legal
requirements.
STEINTHAL
ESTATE BOARD
(1-6)
OPERATOR/ POULTRY
MANAGER
(3-5)
1-2. At start of
operations
4-5. Notifiable incidents
within timeframes set
out in S. 6.16 below.
6. OEMP updates at
least once a year.
Recording/ documenting
• Copies of all key applicable legislation;
• All approvals and supporting licenses, etc;
• All communication with authorities regarding
broiler farming activities, in terms of S.24 of
the Animal Health Act.
• All notifiable incidents.
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. Conditions of approval are adhered to.
2. All supporting approvals, licenses and permits
are in place (GA, WML, abattoir registration).
3. No official notices have been received from
any authority.
4. All notifiable incidents have been recorded,
reported and responded to as required.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
47
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs
6.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
As past experience on Steinthal indicates, proper solid waste management practices would
be key to avoiding negative operational environmental, health and nuisance impacts.
Operations would produce three categories of solid waste, namely mortalities, compostable
bedding and manure; and a small amount of general waste.
Mortalities constitute the highest risk category, and require measures aimed mainly at safe
disposal.
Bedding and manure require safe handling, and measures aimed at recovering nutrients,
thus avoiding both landfilling impacts as well as replacing some of the need for fertilizer on
the Estate’s fields.
General waste is likely to consist mainly of small amounts of plastic waste associated with
damaged plastic crates, bags, etc. Avoiding waste generation and managing potential litter/
site neatness impacts would be key approaches.
6.6.1. Mortalities
Mortalities are highly putrescible, and hold significant pollution, bio-security, public health
and nuisance risks. Risk exposure is associated with collection, temporary storage, transport
and disposal. Proper separation of mortalities from compostable waste would be key to
avoiding nuisance and other impacts at the composting facility.
Until another method is explicitly approved by DEA&DP in writing, mortalities should be
collected from the houses on daily basis, and taken to the abattoir for temporary, separate
freezing in the dedicated waste freezer. Mortalities should be exclusively disposed off-site
(off Steinthal), at an appropriately licensed municipal landfill or private treatment/ disposal
facility. Only suitable vehicles and containers should be used to transport waste. Records of
mortalities should be kept.
The safe handling and disposal of mortalities would require coordination with abattoir
(temporary freezing, storage, transport and disposal) and composting (mortalities presented
for composting) activities/ managers prior to stocking. Further co-ordination would be
required for waste tracking – weighing/ recording of mortalities/ mortalities presented at
composting site, and reconciling disposal volumes against landfill invoices.
Note that broiler farming activities could only start once the proposed abattoir has been
rebuilt according to approved plans, and a dedicated separate waste freezer facility has
been provided (as required in terms of the 2006 Poultry Regulations).
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
48
OBJECTIVE 2
TO ENSURE THE SAFE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF BROILER MORTALITIES
Aspects/ Component/s
• Legal requirements;
• Collection, handling and temporary
storage;
• Delivering to abattoir;
• Waste tracking.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Suspension of activities;
• Legal prosecution/ fines;
• Pollution of Tierkloof system;
• Localized soil pollution;
• Health impacts on workers and
communities;
• Bio-security;
• Nuisance impacts (odours, flies,
scavengers).
Key Activity/risk sources
• Failure to meet legal requirements;
• Frequency of collection;
• Period from collection till freezing;
• Bins for temporary storage;
• Safe transport to abattoir;
• Co-ordination of activities between
Managers;
• Dealing with mortalities returned by
composting facility;
• Safe final transport and disposal.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• Waste management strategy complies with
legal requirements for handling, storage,
transport and disposal;
• Appropriate turnaround times in collection,
transport, freezing and disposal;
• Effective waste tracking system
implemented;
• Effective cooperation between Poultry,
Abattoir and Composting Managers.
MITIGATION: ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. Broiler farming operations should only
start once upgrades to the abattoir
have been completed, and provision
STEINTHAL
ESTATE BOARD
(1-3; 9)
1-2. Prior to
stocking.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
49
has been made for a suitable, dedicated
waste freezer (see: Abattoir OEMP).
2. The SEB must ensure that clear lines of
communication and co-operation are
established between the relevant
operations managers (Poultry, Abattoir,
Composting), and that all are aware of
provisions applicable to their individual
operations.
3. Unless formally authorized by DEA&DP
and other relevant authorities, no
mortalities may be disposed of on
Steinthal, and may only be disposed of
at an appropriately licensed off-site
facility, municipal or otherwise.
4. Mortalities should be collected on a
daily basis and taken to the abattoir for
freezing on the same day.
5. Mortalities presented for composting
should be redirected to the abattoir for
freezing as soon as possible, ideally on
the day of presentation (see:
Composting OEMP).
6. Bins for collection, temporary storage
and transport should conform to the
requirements of R. 89 of the Poultry
Regulations (R153 of 2006);
7. Temporary storage should conform to
the provisions of the Abattoir OEMP.
8. Vehicles carrying waste to final disposal
must comply with the requirements of
R. 5 (b) and R. 94 of the Poultry
Regulations.
9. Major accidental spills during handling
or transport should be dealt with as
Incidents in terms of NEMA S.30;
10. A waste recording and tracking system
should be implemented to keep track of
mortalities and ensure that waste is
safely stored and disposed of, as
provided for in the Abattoir OEMP.
POULTRY
MANAGER
(4-8; 10)
CO-ORDINATION
WITH ABATTOIR
(4; 6-10)
AND
COMPOSTING
MANAGERS
(5)
REQUIRED
3-10. As long as
operational.
Recording/ documenting
• Daily (presented to abattoir), by weight or
volume, totaled monthly;
• Mortalities returned by composting site, as
above;
• Proof of final disposal (landfill invoices per
volume), volumes totaled monthly.
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. Waste is exclusively disposed off-site, and
at a suitably licensed waste management
facility.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
50
2. Adequate provision is made for sufficient,
undamaged, and legally compliant bins for
temporary storage and transport.
3. Same day turnaround times for collection
and delivery to abattoir adhered to;
4. Clear arrangements for shared
responsibilities are in place between
various operations managers, specifically
with regard to presentation of waste to
abattoir, handling, storage, transport and
disposal (Abattoir manager); as well as
dealing with mortalities presented at the
composting facility (Composting and
Abattoir managers).
5. Waste is handled and stored at the
abattoir in a dedicated waste freezer, in
compliance with the Abattoir OEMP;
6. Vehicles transporting waste conform to
relevant requirements of the Poultry
Regulations.
7. Recording/ documenting requirements are
being met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.6.2. Compostable waste
Broiler farming activities should only start once a WML has been obtained, and the
composting site has been constructed. No broiler waste should composted anywhere else on
Steinthal.
Proper household practices would require the daily removal of surface manure, and the deep
cleaning of broiler houses after each production cycle. Mortalities and inert waste (plastics,
etc) should be carefully screened out prior to the waste being taken to the Estate’s
composting site.
Waste should only be disposed of at the Estate’s licensed composting site. Only suitable
vehicles and containers should be used to transport waste. Records of waste volumes
generated should be kept. Ongoing co-ordination between the Poultry and Composting site
Managers would be required to ensure waste taken to the composting site could be
processed within a 48 hour period, as provided for in the Composting OEMP. Recording with
regard to waste volumes presented for composting should also be co-ordinated.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
51
OBJECTIVE 3
TO ENSURE THE PROPER HANDLING OF COMPOSTABLE WASTE
Aspects/ Component/s
• Legal requirements;
• Compostable resource;
• Collection, handling and temporary storage;
• Delivering to composting site;
• Waste tracking.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Suspension of activities;
• Legal prosecution/ fines;
• Pollution of Tierkloof system;
• Localized soil pollution;
• Nuisance impacts (odours, flies, scavengers).
Key Activity/risk sources
• Failure to meet legal requirements;
• Frequency of collection;
• Safe transport to composting site;
• Recording of waste volumes;
• Co-ordination of activities between Managers.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• All bedding and manure disposed of by
composting at Estate’s licensed facility;
• Appropriate turnaround times in collection,
transport, and presentation for composting;
• Effective waste tracking system
implemented;
• Effective cooperation between Poultry and
Composting Managers.
MITIGATION:
ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. Broiler farming operations should
only start once a WML has been
obtained, the composting facility has
been constructed, and the
Composting OEMP has been
implemented;
2. Clear lines of communication and co-
operation should be established
between the Poultry and
Composting Managers, and both
should be aware of OEMP provisions
applicable to their individual
operations;
STEINTHAL
ESTATE BOARD
(1-3)
1-2. Prior to
stocking.
3-10. As long as
operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
52
3. Unless formally authorized by
DEA&DP and other relevant
authorities, all compostable material
may only be disposed of by
composting at the Estate’s
composting facility.
4. Surface manure should be collected
on a daily basis and taken to the
composting site at the end of the
working day.
5. Houses should be deep cleaned after
each production cycle;
6. Deep cleanings should be co-
ordinated with composting activities
to ensure no material is left
unprocessed at the composting
facility for longer than 48 hours;
7. Material should be transported to the
composting site in closed plastic
mesh weave bags (to prevent blow-
outs), safely stowed on the bed of a
vehicle with an enclosed loading bed
(to prevent spills);
8. Records of all material presented for
composting should be kept.
POULTRY
MANAGER
(4-8)
CO-ORDINATION WITH
COMPOSTING MANAGER
REQUIRED
(4; 6; 8)
Recording/ documenting
• All material presented for composting (weight
or volume) recorded on presentation at
composting site (totaled monthly).
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. All bedding and manure is disposed of
exclusively at the Estate’s approved
composting facility;
2. Same day turnaround times for collection and
delivery to composting site for daily and deep
cleaning waste.
3. Adequate provision is made for re-usable
plastic mesh-weave bags to transport waste
in;
4. Provision is made for transport by means of a
vehicle with an enclosed loading bed;
5. Clear arrangements for shared
responsibilities and co-ordination of activities
are in place between Poultry and Composting
managers;
6. Recording requirements are being met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
53
6.6.3. General solid waste and litter management
Operations are not anticipated to generate substantial solid waste volumes. By making use
of re-usable bags and crates, waste generation could be minimized. Appropriate containers
(e.g. drums) should be provided for the temporary on-site storage of all general waste,
including damaged bags, crates and equipment, and items generated by workers (wrappers,
etc). Waste should be collected on a weekly basis and disposed of along with the Estate’s
other general waste for municipal collection.
OBJECTIVE 4
TO MINIMIZE WASTE GENERATION AND ENSURE PROPER STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL
Aspects/ Component/s
• Waste minimization;
• Housekeeping;
• Temporary storage;
• Central collection and disposal.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Avoidable waste generation;
• Nuisance impacts (site neatness, litter);
• Irregular disposal;
• Unsafe disposal.
Key Activity/risk sources
• Wasteful use of crates, bags and other
equipment;
• Adequate provision for collection and neat
temporary storage;
• Frequency of collection;
• Co-ordination of activities with central waste
collection on Estate.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• Waste generation is avoided by making use of
reusable crates, bags, containers, etc
• All waste disposed of along with Estate’s general
waste for municipal collection on a weekly basis;
• Effective cooperation between Poultry manager
and Estate’s central disposal function.
MITIGATION:
ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. Re-usable crates, bags, etc
should be used for the
transportation of live birds,
manure, etc.
2. Crates, bags, etc should be
taken proper care of to ensure
STEINTHAL
ESTATE BOARD
(5; 6)
POULTRY
1-6. As long as
operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
54
maximal re-use;
3. Where possible, empty HDPE
containers should be returned to
cleaning supplies service
providers for re-use;
4. Drums or other suitable
containers should be provided
on-site at all houses to ensure
the neat temporary storage of
waste;
5. Waste should be disposed of via
municipal collection along with
the Estate’s waste once a week;
6. Waste too large to handle by
municipal collection must be
disposed of at a licensed
municipal landfill site.
MANAGER
(1-6)
Note that co-ordination with
Estate’s central waste
disposal function is also
required (5; 6).
Recording/ documenting
NONE.
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. Provision is made for re-usable crates for
transporting live birds;
2. Provision is made for re-usable plastic mesh-
weave bags to transport waste in;
3. Adequate provision for suitable waste bins/ drums
at all broiler houses to ensure neat and litter free
temporary storage;
4. Clear arrangements in place to ensure weekly
collection;
5. No litter or waste visible upon inspection at
broiler house sites.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.7. WATER USE AND WASTEWATER GENERATION
South Africa is an arid country with a growing population. Global climate change is likely to
exacerbate water scarcity in coming decades in the Western Cape (Western Cape PSDF,
2009; Western Cape Draft Strategic Plan, 2011). Both water demand management and
wastewater quality management are therefore both of key importance for all water users in
South Africa.
The bulk of water use would be associated with drinking water for the broilers.
Approximately 63 m3/a would be needed for cleaning requirements, and generate
wastewater. The bulk of cleaning water use would be associated with deep cleaning events,
approximately 9 per year per broiler house. Treated water would be obtained from the
Estate’s central fresh water system. All broiler waste water would discharged into the
Estate’s ETP for treatment and disposal as irrigation.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
55
Broiler farming activities should only start once the proposed ETP upgrades have taken
place, and the WWMP has been implemented.
Please refer to Sections 6.8. and 6.10 of the WWMP for monitoring requirements and
remedial responses with regard to the Tierkloof stream.
OBJECTIVE 5
TO ENSURE THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF WATER
Aspects/ Component/s • Fresh water demand
management;
• Containment and treatment of
wastewater.
Potential Impacts/ Risks • Irresponsible use of scarce
resource;
• Pollution of water resources,
specifically the Tierkloof stream;
• Pollution of local soils (knock-on
effect).
Key Activity/risk sources • Connections to ETP system;
• Leaking pipelines;
• Use of harmful chemicals
• Wasteful cleaning practices.
Mitigation: Target/Objective • All fresh and wastewater pipelines
maintained in leak free condition;
• All water use metered and
recorded;
• All broiler houses discharge only
into ETP system;
• Use of harmful chemicals avoided
in cleaning operations;
• Water wise cleaning practices
implemented.
MITIGATION: ACTION/CONTROLS
RESPONSIBLE
TIMEFRAMES
1. Broiler houses 2 and 6 should be connected to
the ETP system,
2. Fresh water pipelines and connections should be
kept in a leak free condition. Pipelines and
connections at the broiler houses should be
regularly checked, on an ongoing basis.
3. Wastewater pipelines and connections should be
kept in a leak free condition. Pipelines and
connections should be regularly checked, on an
SEB
(1-5)
POULTRY
MANAGER
(2-10).
1. Prior to
stocking.
2-5. Infrastructure
checks prior to
stocking.
2-10. As long as
operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
56
ongoing basis.
4. All broiler houses should be fitted with water
meters, and records of water use should be
kept.
5. Alarms and/or ball valves should be fitted to
prevent wastage.
6. Water using equipment should be regularly
checked to ensure early leak/ wastage detection
and remedial action;
7. MSDS should be checked for all products used in
operations, and only detergents, soaps and
disinfectants which pose no or little harm to the
environment should be used as far as possible.
8. MSDS for all products used must be kept on file.
9. Sodium-based products should be avoided to
keep sodium absorption rate (SAR) levels low.
10. The use of poisons for fly or vermin control
should be avoided through good housekeeping
practices, including proper cleaning and the
storage of feed. Where unavoidable, poisons
should only be applied and managed by an
accredited pest control service provider;
11. Unnecessary water use associating with the
hosing of solid waste to drain should be avoided.
During deep cleaning, floors should be properly
swept and as much solid waste as possible
removed prior to washing.
3 & 6. Wastewater
infrastructure to be
checked for leaks
during deep
cleaning.
7. Product
screening prior to
use.
Recording/ documenting
• Fresh water use (monthly totals);
• MSDS of all chemical and
veterinary products used,
including after use is discontinued
(ongoing);
• Cleaning equipment inventory
checks;
• Infrastructure leaks and
responses, including timeframes.
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. All broiler houses discharge
exclusively into the ETP system;
2. All broiler houses are fitted with
properly working meters, valves,
etc;
3. Water use indicate stable or
managed downwards trend;
4. Fresh and waste water
infrastructure at all broiler houses
is leak free and undamaged upon
inspection;
5. Sufficient cleaning equipment is
provided and in good working
order;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
57
6. MSDS indicates use of non-
harmful cleaning products and
disinfectants;
7. Poisons are exclusively used and
handled as part of a pest control
program provided by an
accredited pest control service
provider;
8. Recording/ documenting
requirements are being met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.8. BIO-SECURITY
The effective implementation of bio-security measures is of vital importance to ensure that
operations remain commercially viable, and do not pose a health risk to other poultry
growers, humans, or wild animals.
Failure to maintain healthy flocks or implement bio-security measures are likely to result in
increased mortality rates, affecting commercial viability and waste generation. Preventative
veterinary measures, vector control, access control, proper housekeeping and staff training
and awareness would be key response strategies.
In terms of the Animal Diseases Act, the incidence of a listed controlled disease should be
reported to the PEO immediately, and all directives implemented as required. Failure to
respond to notifiable diseases could endanger the health of Steinthal flocks, and potentially
lead to the outbreak of a disease affecting the broader poultry industry.
OBJECTIVE 6
TO ENSURE APPROPRIATE BIO-SECURITY MEASURES ARE IN PLACE
Aspects/ Component/s
• Stocking quality control;
• Vaccination and veterinary care;
• Housekeeping and waste management;
• Access control;
• Vector control;
• Unprocessed birds from abattoir;
• Reporting of controlled diseases.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• High mortality rates amongst Steinthal
flocks(viability of operations);
• High rates of unacceptable birds for abattoir
processing (viability of operations);
• Transmission risk to other poultry flocks in
region and elsewhere;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
58
• Quarantine and emergency measures imposed
by PEO, including destruction of flocks and
other measures;
• Outbreak of contagious zoonotic disease (e.g.
bird flu);
• Legal persecution (failure to report a
controlled disease).
Key Activity/risk sources
• Buying in chicks from unsuitable suppliers;
• Insufficient routine veterinary care during
raising, including primary/ preventative care;
• Inadequate housekeeping, specifically waste
management and cleansing;
• Staff biosecurity and awareness;
• Access control to broiler houses;
• Accepting externally grown unprocessed
broilers from abattoir;
• Failure to report a controlled disease.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• Chicks only bought in from accredited
hatcheries;
• Appropriate veterinary care programmes
implemented for all production cycles;
• Solid waste management and cleansing carried
out as provided for in Objectives 2-5 above;
• Adequate provision for disinfecting staff and
visitors;
• Adequate access control and signage provision
at all houses;
• Effective cooperation between Poultry and
Abattoir Managers;
• All incidences of controlled diseases or
significant increases in flock mortality rates
reported, as per legal requirements.
MITIGATION:
ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. All broiler houses must be
maintained in a bird and vermin-
proof condition;
2. All broiler houses must be fitted
with locks, and kept locked after
hours;
3. The entrances to all houses should
be fitted with prominent,
weatherproof signs indicating:
- Restricted access area;
- Wash hands and boots before
entering;
STEINTHAL ESTATE
BOARD
(1-3; 16)
1-4: Prior to stocking.
1-13: Ongoing, as
long as operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
59
4. A qualified veterinarian should be
appointed on retainer to –
• provide applicable immunization
programmes;
• define acceptable mortality rate
(by age group) parameters
• undertake routine inspections;
• respond to veterinary
emergencies/ incidents;
5. Chicks should only be bought in
from accredited hatcheries, and be
accompanied by certification of
immunization;
6. All reasonable steps must be taken
to avoid infection, prevent the
spreading of diseases or parasites,
and eradicating any disease or
parasites;
7. Waste and waste water should be
managed as provided for under
Objectives 2-5 above;
8. An accredited pest control service
provider should be appointed to
implement fly and rodent
management programmes at all the
broiler houses;
9. No worker or visitor may enter or
leave any broiler house without
prior disinfection of shoes and
hands;
10. Workers must take disinfectant
showers on the Estate after deep
cleaning operations and prior to
going home;
11. Workers or visitors who are ill or
pose a transmission risk to birds or
people should not be allowed to
enter broiler houses;
12. Birds raised by external growers
and which could not be processed
by Steinthal abattoir, should be
returned to their places of origin.
Such birds should not be mixed
with Steinthal’s flocks or housed in
Steinthal’s broiler houses.
13. Clear lines of communication and
co-operation should be established
between the Poultry and Abattoir
Managers, and both should be
aware of OEMP provisions
applicable to their individual
operations;
POULTRY
MANAGER
(4-16)
CO-ORDINATION WITH
ABATTOIR MANAGER
REQUIRED
(12-14; 16)
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
60
14. The Broiler and Abattoir Manager
should share information on an
ongoing basis with regard to the
detection of notifiable diseases and
related matters, and dealing with
unprocessed birds from the
abattoir;
15. Abnormal flock mortality rates or
the suspicion of controlled diseases
should be reported to the PEO: VPH
immediately, as provided for in S.
17 (1-3) of the Animal Health Act,
and responded to in the manner
prescribed by the PEO upon
notification;
16. A copy of the list of notifiable
diseases should be kept, and
regularly updated in accordance
with any applicable Gazetted
Notices in terms of the Animal
Diseases Act as well as the Animal
Health Act.
15. Reported to SEB
and PEO immediately
upon suspicion/
detection.
16. List to be updated
upon notification by
PEO; alternatively at
least once a year,
during annual audit.
Recording/ documenting
• Buy in – numbers (totaled monthly);
• Buy-in – proof of immunization;
• Immunization/ veterinary programmes;
• Mortalities (totaled monthly);
• Veterinary inspections and emergency call-
outs;
• Fly and rodent management programmes;
• All relevant communication with authorities, as
per S24 of the Animal Health Act;
• Updated list of controlled diseases;
• Notifiable mortality rates or diseases reported
in terms of the Animal Diseases Act.
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. Flock mortality rates are within accepted
parameters;
2. No incidences of notifiable controlled diseases
have occurred;
3. Chicks are bought in from accredited growers
only;
4. Veterinary health measures are in place,
including prescribed immunization and
parasite management programmes;
5. Use is made of a qualified veterinarian to
prescribe programmes, undertake regular
inspections, and respond to veterinary
emergencies;
6. Broiler houses in bird/ vermin proof condition
upon inspection;
7. Houses fitted with lockable access control;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
61
8. Visible, clearly legible bio-security signage in
place at all broiler houses;
9. All broiler houses provided with outside taps
and gullies, as well as disinfectant soap, for
boot and hand washing;
10. Provision is made for disinfectant hot showers
for staff on Estate after deep cleaning events;
11. No mature broilers from external growers
(unprocessed by abattoir) are kept in broiler
houses at any given time;
12. Recording/ documenting requirements are
being met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6. 9. HUMANE TREATMENT OF BIRDS
The humane treatment of animals, including broilers, is legally required in terms of the
Animals Protection Act, from staff and management, as well as the SEB (S.2 of the Act
provides for reasonable prevention). General provisions made under S.1 of the Act include
provision for basic shelter, food, water and kind treatment.
The Animal Health Act makes specific provision for the veterinary care of animals, including
parasite and disease control, as well as the euthanizing of injured birds. Implementation of
these requirements is mandatory.
The 2006 Poultry Regulations provide specific requirements with regard to the capture,
transport and offloading of birds. Implementation of these requirements is mandatory.
OBJECTIVE 7
TO ENSURE THAT BIRDS ARE TREATED IN A HUMANE WAY AT ALL TIMES
Aspects/ Component/s
• General conditions of keeping, including
access to shelter, food and water;
• Staff treatment of birds;
• Veterinary care, including preventative
measures;
• Conditions of capture, transport and
offloading.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Unnecessary harming of sentient beings;
• Abnormally high mortality losses;
• Outbreak of diseases;
• Legal prosecution.
Key Activity/risk sources • Inadequate provision for shelter, food and
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
62
water;
• Failure to provide suitable veterinary care;
• Mistreatment by staff;
• Inadequate provision for suitable crates and
vehicles during transport.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• Operations bespeaking of general duty of care
towards broilers and of causing no/
preventing avoidable pain and suffering to
birds;
• Adequate provision for shelter, temperature
control, food and water at all houses;
• Immunization and parasite control
programmes in place;
• Birds captured, transported and offloaded at
abattoir in accordance with provisions of R.
61-64 of the 2006 Poultry Regulations.
MITIGATION:
ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. Birds must be kept in compliance
with the provisions of the Animals
Protection Act, including with regard
to the provision of adequate shelter,
protection against the elements, and
provision of adequate food and
water;
2. No birds may be ill-treated, harmed
or terrified during any part of
operations;
3. Adequate provision should be made
for veterinary care, including
preventative measures such as
parasite and disease control;
4. Maimed or diseased birds which
cannot be treated must be
euthanized;
5. The capturing of birds must comply
with the requirements of R.61 of the
Poultry Regulations and the general
provisions under S.1 of the Animals
Protection Act;
6. Appropriate crates and vehicles
must be used for the transport of
birds, as defined in R.63 of the
Poultry Regulations and S. 1 (m) of
the Animals Protection Act;
7. Birds should be treated according to
the provisions of R.64 of the Poultry
POULTRY
MANAGER
(1-6)
Co-ordination with
ABATTOIR MANAGER
1-6. As long as
operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
63
Regulations during offloading at the
abattoir.
also required
(7).
Recording/ documenting
• Mortalities (totaled monthly).
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. Broiler houses are maintained in a state which
offers birds adequate protection against sun,
wind and rain;
2. Broiler houses are equipped with sufficient
heaters, feeders and water dispensers in good
working order, namely -
• At least 6-8 x 0.25 liter water dispensers/
100 mature broilers;
• At least one feed dispenser for every 100
mature broilers;
• At least 30 heating lamps at night in
summer and 60 in winter per 100 m²;
3. Roster provision is made for the feeding and
watering of birds for every day of the year;
4. Flock mortality rates within accepted industry
norm;
5. No untreated sick, parasite infested, injured
or maimed birds upon inspection;
6. Crates used for transport to abattoir conform
to requirements of R.63 of the Poultry
Regulations;
7. Vehicles used for transport to abattoir
conform to S. 1 (m) of the Animals Protection
Act.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.10. NUISANCE RISK MANAGEMENT
Operations during 2007 lead to significant nuisance impacts on neighbors, especially
Schoonderzicht. Inappropriate solid waste management practices lead to odour complaints,
public health concerns from the authorities, and significant friction with neighbors. Failure to
attend to the maintenance and upkeep of broiler houses and wastewater pipelines caused
visual and odour impacts along the Schoonderzicht servitude road. In addition,
inconsiderate use of the road by the former lessee, lead to substantial friction with the
owners of Schoonderzicht.
Provisions are made below to manage potential nuisance impacts, including with regard to
flies and rodents – the former attracted by mortalities and manure, the latter by feed and
mortalities.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
64
OBJECTIVE 8
TO ENSURE OPERATIONS DO NOT CAUSE A PUBLIC NUISANCE
Aspects/ Component/s
• Fly control;
• Rodent control;
• Scavenger control;
• Odours;
• Visual;
• Shared road use.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Authority Notices and prosecution;
• Public health risk (vectors);
• Friction with neighbors;
• Private litigation.
Key Activity/risk sources
• Inadequate provision for fly, rodent and
scavenger control;
• Inadequate housekeeping practices, including
regular cleansing;
• Improper collection, handling and disposal of
broiler mortalities;
• Site neatness and litter control;
• Maintenance and upkeep of broiler houses;
• Inconsiderate use of Schoonderzicht servitude
road (upper broiler houses).
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• Fly and rodent management programmes in
place;
• Solid waste managed according to provisions
under Objectives 2-4, including with regard to
processing turnaround times;
• Broiler houses maintained in good state of repair,
including neatly painted outsides (upper houses);
• Broiler houses 3-5 screened from neighbors and
servitude road by appropriate plantings;
• Use of Schoonderzicht servitude road does not
result in obstructions.
MITIGATION:
ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. Feed should be safely stored to
avoid attracting rodents;
2. In order to discourage flies and
scavengers and avoid odor risks,
STEINTHAL
ESTATE BOARD
(3; 6; 7)
1-9. As long as
operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
65
mortalities should be handled
and disposed of as provided for
under Objective 2;
3. An accredited pest control service
provider should be appointed to
implement and manage fly and
rodent control programmes at all
the broiler houses;
4. Manure may only be composted
at the Estate’s composting
facility, and should be handled
according to the provisions under
Objective 3;
5. General solid waste should be
handled as provided for under
Objective 4. The broiler house
sites should be kept in a neat and
litter-free condition at all times;
6. Provision for regular maintained
and upkeep of broiler houses
should be made. Broiler houses
3-5 should be kept in a neatly
painted condition;
7. Indigenous, water-wise trees and
shrubs should be established to
the south and north of broiler
houses 3-5, as appropriate, in
order to screen the houses from
receptors along the
Schoonderzicht road and
residential uses on Bella Vista
and Schoonderzicht;
8. No stationary vehicles associated
with operations may at any time
cause an obstruction on
Schoonderzicht access road;
9. All reasonable requests made by
the owners of Schoonderzicht
Estate to co-ordinate times of
use are respected.
POULTRY
MANAGER
(1-5; 8-9)
3. Pest control service
provider to be appointed
prior to stocking to provide
written pest control/
management programmes
to be implemented. .
6-7. Initial maintained and
planting to be done prior to
stocking.
Recording/ documenting
• Public complaints (Complaints Register);
• Any nuisance related correspondence with
authorities;
• Pest control programmes (details);
• Damage and repairs to broiler houses.
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. No complaints logged in Complaints Register;
2. No nuisance-related Notices, etc. were issued by
authorities;
3. Where complaints or notices have been received,
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
66
relevant issues were addressed in an appropriate
manner, within a reasonable timeframe;
4. Fly and rodent control programmes implemented
by accredited pest control service provider;
5. Adequate provision is in place for safe storage of
feed to discourage rodents;
6. Sites are neat and tidy upon inspection, with no
visible waste other than in bins;
7. All broiler houses are in a good state op repair;
8. Broiler houses 3-5 are neatly painted;
9. Appropriate indigenous shrubs and trees have
been established to the north and south of
broiler houses 3-5 to offer adequate visual
screening with regard to the Schoonderzicht road
and residential uses on Bella Vista and
Schoonderzicht;
10. Recording/ documenting requirements are being
met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.11. STAFF TRAINING
Proper staff training in all applicable operational, OHS and emergency matters is the key to
meeting most other OEMP objectives.
The proper training of all staff prior to performing their duties is required. The Poultry
Manager would be directly responsible for ensuring training. The SEB is responsible for
ensuring the Manager implements the required training.
OBJECTIVE 9
TO ENSURE STAFF IS PROPERLY TRAINED
Aspects/ Component/s
• Operational tasks;
• Legal requirements and OEMP provisions;
• Health and Safety;
• Responding to emergencies;
• Responding to Incidents.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Wasteful/ inefficient operations;
• Environmentally harmful/ risky practices;
• Injury to health, maiming or death of
workers;
• Avoidable harm to broilers;
• Harm to adjacent communities or
properties;
• Legal prosecution.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
67
Key Activity/risk sources
• Inadequate training in all relevant matters;
• Failure to ensure all staff is trained prior to
undertaking work.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
All staff is sufficiently trained to –
• understand key duties and responsibilities;
• perform key operational tasks,
• understand and implement the relevant
provisions of this OEMP;
• understand workplace hazards and
implement safe practices, including the
wearing of protective gear;
• to respond to emergencies, in the manner
outlined in Section 6.15 below.
MITIGATION: ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. All workers should be trained to
understand and perform their key
operational duties and responsibilities
in an effective manner;
2. All workers should be trained in the
safe and effective use of equipment;
3. All workers should be trained to avoid
key environmental risks, and adhere
to the applicable provisions of this
OEMP;
4. All workers should be trained to
identify key workplace hazards and
implement corresponding safe
practices, including the use of
protective clothing;
5. All workers should be trained to be
able to respond to emergencies,
including with regard to the use of
firefighting equipment, who to
approach in case of a direct first aid
emergency, and following notification
procedures (see Section 6.14 below).
POULTRY
MANAGER
(1-5)
1-5. As long as
operational.
Recording/ documenting
• Training certificates in terms of OHSA
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. All workers are able to demonstrate –
• A knowledge of key operational aspects;
• A knowledge of key provisions of OEMP
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
68
Objectives;
• Safe use of equipment;
• Safe handling of potentially harmful
workplace substances;
• Proper use of protective clothing;
• A knowledge of how to respond to
emergencies.
2. Recording/ documenting requirements are
being met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.12. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
The OHSA and Regulations impose a number of legal requirements upon the employer,
including with regard to providing a safe working place, training, protective gear (S.8), as
well as the notification of incidents (S.24), and provision of first aid (2005 Draft
Regulations). These provisions are mandatory.
Key OHS aspects addressed below include hazard identification and avoidance, the safe use
of equipment and substances, worker access to adequate safety gear and facilities such as
showers and first aid, and responses to emergencies and notifiable incidents.
OBJECTIVE 10
TO ENSURE OPERATIONS DO NOT AFFECT THE HEALTH & SAFETY OF WORKERS
Aspects/ Component/s
• General OHSA provisions;
• Training;
• Equipment;
• Use of chemicals and medicines;
• Protective clothing;
• Access to hot showers;
• Access to first aid;
• Notifiable Incidents in terms of OHSA.
Potential Impacts/ Risks
• Injury to health, maiming or death of
workers;
• Significant adverse socio-economic impacts
on affected worker households;
• Legal prosecution.
Key Activity/risk sources
• Inadequate staff training in operational as
well as OHS matters (see above);
• Inadequate equipment;
• Inadequate protective clothing/ gear;
• Unsafe use of chemicals, poisons, medicines,
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
69
etc;
• Inadequate access to first aid;
• Inadequate firefighting equipment;
• Responses to emergencies;
• Failure to report notifiable incidents in terms
of OHSA S.24 and 2005 Draft Regulations.
Mitigation: Target/Objective
• Operations bespeak of a general duty of care
exercised towards the health and safety of
staff;
• Staff is trained to perform all operational
tasks in a safe manner;
• Adequate provision is made for all key
equipment;
• Chemicals, medicines and poisons are
handled in a responsible manner;
• Staff is trained to respond to emergencies in
an appropriate manner;
• Adequate provision is made for staff access
to first aid and hot showers.
MITIGATION: ACTION/CONTROLS
DIRECT
RESPONSIBILITY
TIMEFRAMES
1. All workers must be trained to safely
perform operational tasks and
respond effectively to emergencies;
2. All workers should be made aware of
key OHS hazards in handling
equipment, chemicals waste, etc;
3. Workers must be provided with
adequate protective clothing and gear
to enable them to perform all their
tasks in a safe manner. Gear would
include gumboots, masks and goggles
(cleaning and handling manure) and
gloves (handling of mortalities);
4. Workers should be provided with
adequate equipment, in proper
functioning order to perform all key
tasks;
5. All hazardous chemicals must be
safely stored away under lock and
key. Only the Poultry Manager or
designated staff should have access.
All substances must be handled
strictly in accordance with the
relevant MSDS;
6. Workers should have access to a
qualified first aid provider during all
POULTRY
MANAGER
(1-9)
STEINTHAL
ESTATE BOARD
(5-7; 9)
1-8. As long as
operational.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
70
operational hours. Access may include
access to the first aid worker at the
abattoir, provided bio-security
protocols at the abattoir are not
breeched;
7. Workers should have access to hot
disinfectant showers after all deep
cleaning events. Access may include
access to the abattoir showers,
provided bio-security protocols at the
abattoir are not breeched;
8. An accredited fire fighting service
provider should assess adequacy of
existing high-pressure hoses at broiler
houses, and advise on any additional
equipment required. All additional
equipment provided should include a
maintenance programme provided by
the service provider.
9. Emergencies must be responded to as
provided for under Section 6. 15
below;
10. All notifiable incidents defined in S. 24
of OHSA must be reported, including
serious injury, maiming, exposure to
a known harmful substance, or death.
CO-ORDINATION WITH
ABATTOIR MANAGER
REQUIRED
(6)
10. SEB and
Authorities to be
notified immediately.
Recording/ documenting
• MSDS of all chemical products used on file
(archived once use is discontinued);
• Emergencies in which health and safety of a
worker was endangered (Incidents
Register);
• Notifiable Incidents, in terms of OHSA S.24
Key
Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
1. No OHS related emergencies of incidents
recorded;
2. All workers trained in OHS and emergency
response matters (Objective 9);
3. Adequate provision is made for sufficient
equipment, in good working order, for staff
to carry out all operational tasks safely and
effectively;
4. Adequate provision is made for protective
clothing and gear, including boots, masks,
goggles and gloves;
5. Chemicals, medicines, etc are safely stored
in a lockable facility with limited access;
6. Staff have access to a qualified first aid
provider on the Estate at all times;
7. Staff have access to disinfecting hot showers
on the Estate after deep cleaning events;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
71
8. Staff are able to demonstrate knowledge of
proper emergency procedures to be followed
in case of accident;
9. Recording/ documenting requirements are
being met.
Monitoring/ Auditing • Annual auditing against KPIs.
6.13. COMPLAINTS REGISTER
Physical provision should be made for a Complaints Register prior to the start of operations.
The Register must be kept specifically for the Broiler Farming activities, and for as long as
they remain operational.
The Register should include a physical ledger to log public complaints, as well as provision
for the documentation of all e-mails or letters of complaint. The basic details of letters or e-
mailed complaints should be physically entered into the ledger by the Applicant. The ledger
should be kept at the Estate’s administration building, and should be accessible to all
members of the public during normal workday hours.
The Register must record the following:
• Nature of complaint;
• Name of complainant/ authority;
• Date;
• Likely cause;
• Responses to address complaints, outcomes, as well as all relevant timeframes.
� The Register should be included in the annual audit. The audit should assess the
adequacy of recording, responses and timeframes.
6.14. INCIDENTS REGISTER
Physical provision should be made for an Incidents Register prior to the start of operations.
The Register must be kept specifically for the Broiler Farming activities, and for as long as
they remain operational.
In addition to Notifiable Incidents (see S. 6.16 below), the Register should also record the
following:
• Emergencies (Section 6.15. below);
• Serious mistreatment of birds;
• Any major damage to infrastructure;
• Breaches in bio-security;
• Any major equipment failure.
The Register must record at least the following:
• Date;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
72
• Nature of incident/ event;
• Notification of authorities, as applicable.
• Details of remedial actions taken, including measures implemented, outcomes and
associated timeframes.
� The Register should be included in the annual audit. The audit should assess adequacy
of recording, as well as effectiveness of measures taken within reasonable timeframes.
6.15. EMERGENCIES
Emergencies are situations which require immediate/ prompt action to prevent or contain
damage to the health and safety of people, the environment and/ or property.
Potential emergency situations would include:
• Fire in broiler houses;
• Worker injury;
• Medical emergency.
Key principles in responding to emergencies are the following:
• The health and life of people should be prioritized over all else;
• All responses should bespeak a general duty of care towards the environment;
• Actions should be co-ordinated between all relevant role-players.
6. 15.1. Provisions for dealing with emergencies
1. Workers should immediately notify the Poultry Manager, proxy, or the SEB of any
emergencies;
2. The Poultry Manager and/ or SEB must co-ordinate an effective and prompt response;
3. The SEB and all operations Managers should have at their immediate disposal a list of all
key relevant emergency telephone numbers, including:
• Of other operations managers/ the SEB;
• The Tulbagh SAPS;
• Witzenberg fire fighting;
• Local ambulance service;
• Neighbours on Schoonderzicht, Witzenberg, and Bella Vista.
4. Key emergency services should be notified immediately in case an ambulance or fire
fighting service, etc is required;
5. In case of fire, use of firefighting equipment should be made, and the SAPS, fire fighting
services and potentially affected neighbors notified;
6. Emergencies should be recorded in the Incidents Register;
7. Emergencies which resulted in Notifiable incidents should also be reported and further
dealt with as provided for in 6.16 below.
6.16. NOTIFIABLE INCIDENTS
The Poultry Manager would be responsible for immediately reporting all Notifiable Incidents
to the SEB. The SEB would be responsible for co-ordinating reporting and remedial
responses.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
73
Incidents, as defined in key applicable legislation, must be reported to the relevant
authorities within legally specified timeframes (Table 6.3).
Table 6.3. Notifiable incidents in terms of applicable legislation
INCIDENTS LEGISLATION SECTIONS KEY
AUTHORITIES
TIME
FRAME
• Major spills, leaks
or emissions into
environment;
• Fires
NEMA S.30 • DEA&DP
• DWA
• CWDM: EM
Prescribed
reporting
within 14
days.
• Spills or leak
which may affect
ground or surface
water resources
NWA S. 19-20
• Suspicion of any
chicken infected
with a listed
controlled disease
• major increases in
flock mortality
rates
Animal Diseases
Act
Gazetted
Notices
• DA: VPH
(PEO)
• WCP
Department
of Health
• CWDM: EM
Immediately
upon
detection Animal Health Act S.17. (1)
(c)
• Accident or event
associated with
operations which
lead to death,
maiming, or
serious injury of a
worker.
OHSA S.24 WCP
Department of
Labour
Prescribed
reporting
within 7 days. OHSA General
Administrative
Regulations
(2003)
R. 8
Note that in terms of NEMA and the NWA, the Tulbagh SAPS and fire fighting services have
to be notified immediately in case of fires, major spills, life threatening situations, etc, as
applicable. In addition, all neighbors which may be affected should be notified.
In instances of controlled diseases, the PEO would advise on measures to be implemented.
Note that NEMA 30 (3) would require an initial assessment of scale and significance to be
undertaken prior to authorities being notified, such within 14 days of the Incident having
taken place. Remedial Response Plans (RPP) in terms of NEMA S.30 or the NWA should be
developed according to requirements stipulated by any relevant authority body, and
implemented within specified time frames.
6.17. REMEDIATION RESPONSE STRATEGY
The Remediation Response Strategy (RSS) is triggered by any Incident, as defined in terms
of NEMA S. 30 or the NWA S. 19-20.
Key to the implementation of the RSS is the timeous and suitable notification of appropriate
authorities (see above). Note that in terms of NEMA S. 30 (3) the notification at 14 days
would need to include an initial assessment.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
74
6.17.1. Remedial Response Plans
Where indicated as a requirement by the authorities upon reporting, a suitable specialist
should be appointed to prepare an RRP. An RRP should be tailored to the nature of the
Incident/ event, and should further –
• Comply with any requirements specified by the authorities;
• Take into consideration any applicable baseline information (e.g. Tierkloof water
quality);
• Take into consideration information from the initial assessment;
An RRP should at the minimum address the following:
• Identify and assess the extent and significance of damage, pollution, etc.
• Identify likely causes and responsible components.
• Advise on temporary arrangements to prevent further pollution from occurring;
• Advise on operational measures to prevent pollution from recurring;
• Advise on rehabilitation measures as may be applicable;
• Provide monitoring provisions to ensure successful implementation takes place.
RRPs should be only implemented with specialist input, and after proper consultation with
DEA&DP and/ or other key relevant authorities.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
75
SECTION 7: AUDITING AND REPORTING
7.1. INTRODUCTION
This section makes provision for auditing, reporting, and responses to key audit findings/
recommendations
7.2. AUDITING
The Steinthal Estate Board (SEB), as the registered landowner, is responsible for carrying
out an annual audit to ensure the ongoing effectiveness of management provisions.
A qualified Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) should be appointed to carry out
the annual audits, as measured from the end of the previous subject auditing period.
Audit reports should be finalized no more than three months after the last day of each audit
period.
7.2.1. Terms of Reference
The Terms of Reference (ToR) should include the following minimum requirements –
1. Auditing and reporting against identified KPIs for Management Objectives 1-10;
2. Auditing and reporting against Complaints and Incidents Registers;
3. Verification that operations are carried out in compliance with all relevant legal
requirements, including any new ones, and if not, advising the SEB on the necessary
steps to be taken;
4. Providing an assessment of overall Compliance against KPI’s;
5. Identify key problem areas, and make recommendations on how to address them;
6. Make recommendations with regard to OEMP updates, including significant changes in
baseline profiles and additional management objectives and monitoring programmes, if
required.
7.2.2. Initial audit
In addition to the ToR under 7.2.1. above, the initial audit should also include an
assessment of adherence to objectives provided for the construction phase (Section 6.4).
Assessment should be based on:
• the Complaints and Incidents Registers;
• building plans signed off by buildings inspector;
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
76
• records for operations indicate no slaughtering activities commenced prior to initial
requirements set out in Section 6.3. had been met; and
• The absence of building rubble on the site.
7.3. REPORTING
The SEB must make the following provisions for record keeping and disclosure:
1. Keep a complete file of all auditing reports;
2. Upon request, make auditing reports available to authorities.
3. Upon request, provide any authority body with report copies.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
77
SECTION 8. UPDATING OF OEMP
8.4. INTRODUCTION
This section contains provisions with regard to the updating of the OEMP in its current and
subsequent formats. Key triggers and responses are outlined.
The Steinthal Estate Board (SEB), as the registered landowner, is responsible for ensuring
the implementation of proper responses.
Amendments to the OEMP should only be carried out by a qualified Environmental
Assessment Practitioner (EAP).
8.5. INITIAL UPDATES
The OEMP in its current format should be updated to reflect the following:
• Any conditions of authorization DEA&DP or any other authority may impose;
• Updated baseline information, as applicable to Section 3, if significantly different to
current.
DEA&DP comments and conditions should be incorporated as soon as such are available.
Baseline data could be updated a year after proposed activities have commenced, and
actual metered volumes and a longer term sampling/ monitoring data record has become
available.
8.6. UPDATES IN RESPONSE TO AUDITS
Recommended OEMP updates specified by the auditing EAP should be implemented within
specified timeframes.
The OEMP should also be updated during the annual audit to reflect any changed legal
requirements, as may be applicable.
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
78
LIST OF SOURCES
Legislation, norms and policy
• Department of Environmental Affairs (2011). National Waste Management Strategy.
• DWAF (2001). Guidelines for the Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Abattoir Waste.
• GRN 614 of 2012: NEM: WA (59/ 2008): Waste Management and Classification
Regulations.
• GRN 1002 of 2011: National List of Threatened Ecosystems.
• GRN 718 of 2009: NEM: WA (59/2008): List of Waste Management Activities that have,
or are likely to have, an impact on the Environment.
• GRN 153 of 2006: Poultry Regulations in terms of the Meat Safety Act.
• GRN 399 of 2004: Revision of General Authorisations in terms of Section 39 of the
National Water Act, Act 36 of 1998.
• GRN 1039 of 2005: Draft General Health and Safety Regulations in terms of the
Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993.
• GRN 929 of 2003: Certain Administrative Regulations in terms of the Occupational
Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993.
• GRN 918 of 1999: Regulations Governing General Hygiene Requirements for Food
Premises and the Transport of Food in terms of the Health Act, Act 63 of 1977.
• Republic of South Africa (2008). National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEM:
WA). Act 59 of 2008.
• Republic of South Africa (2002) Animal Health Act. Act 7 of 2002.
• Republic of South Africa (2000). Meat Safety Act. Act 40 of 2000.
• Republic of South Africa (1998). National Environmental Management Act (NEMA). Act
107 of 1998.
• Republic of South Africa (1998). National Water Act. Act 36 of 1998.
• Republic of South Africa (1993). Occupational Health and Safety Act. Act 85 of 1993.
• Republic of South Africa (1984). Animal Diseases Act. Act 35 of 1984.
• Republic of South Africa (1962). Animals Protection Act. Act 71 of 1962.
• SANS 241 – 2011 Version 1 (2 Parts). South African Standard: Drinking Water.
• Witzenberg Local Municipality (2012) Draft Spatial Development Framework.
Reports and published sources
• Agri-Logix (2010). Steinthal Estate – Water Quality Management Report. Unpublished
report. Prepared on behalf of Steinthal Estate as part of April 2010 S24G submission to
DEA&DP.
• Chief Directorate: Surveys and Mapping (1997). Tulbagh (3319 AC) 1: 50 000.
• Effluent Management (Pty) Ltd (March 2013). Updated Supplementary Waste Water
Quality Management Report. Unpublished report, prepared on behalf of Steinthal
Estate’s 2013 S24G submission to DEA&DP.
• EnviroScientific (2012). Soil and Wastewater Irrigation Report. Unpublished report,
prepared on behalf of Steinthal Estate’s 2013 S24G submission to DEA&DP.
• Mucina and Rutherford (2006). The Vegetation Map of South Africa, Lesotho and
Swaziland. Published by SANBI.
Internet
• www.nda.agric.za/vetweb/Disease Control/List of controlled notifiable Animal Diseases
2007.pdf. (posted 18 June 2010).
• www.sanbi.org/fsp/witzenberg/CBA.asp (Witzbenberg Critical Biodiversity Areas Fine
Scale Map).
STEINTHAL ESTATE S24G FEIR: APPENDIX O (BROILER FARMING) JUNE 2013
Boland Environmental Consultants CC.
79
Personal comments/ e-mails
• Bester, Ms. Linka – e-mail (20/07/09). New Product Development: Elgin Free Range
Chickens)
• Buntman, Mr. Earl (personal comments, 2012, 2013). Effluent Management (Pty) Ltd,
Worcester.
• De Jager, Ms. Elsa (e-mail; 31-07-2012). SA Weather Service, Pretoria.
• Dreyer, Rev Willie (Inputs throughout process 2008-2013). CEO Steinthal Estate and
Children’s Home, Tulbagh.
• Mattheus, Mr. Hauser (inputs throughout 2008). Broiler Farming Manager, Steinthal
2007-2008.
• Olivera, Mr. Paulo (telephonic and e-mail; 08-03-12). Leritage Nouveau Development
Company (Pty) Ltd Owner: Farm Kruys Vallei 187, Tulbagh.
• Pieterse, Dr Elsje (telephonic, June 2009). University of Stellenbosch, Department
Animal Sciences.
• Van Tonder, Mr. Siaas (inputs throughout 2008). Abattoir Manager, Steinthal 2007-
2008.
• Taljaard, Mr. Hennie (e-mail 07-03-12). Head Planner: Witzenberg Local Municipality.