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Keyw0rdsSensornetwork・Mailsystem・Broiler岩houseenvironmentmonitoringsystem
ArtifLifeRobotics(2008)13:264-270DOI10.1007/s10015..008-0570-0
◎ISAROB2008
牢==令”_、ー
AyahikoNiimi・MasaakiWada・KeiIto・Mas我shiIbdaKats皿、⑪riHa⑬mka・Osam皿Konishi
BroiI帥houseenvir0nmentmonitoringsystemusingsensornetworkandmaiI
deIiveⅣsystem
Receivedandaccepted:July16,2008
Recentlyうwecanobtainvariousdataeasilybyahighpe韮formanceofcomputerandthelntemet,Dataminingthatextractedsignificantknowledgefromalargeamountofdatabecomepopular・ThetechniqueforapplyingdataminingtotextinformationsuchasWebpageisdevelopedrecentlythoughthedatastoredindatabaseswastargetedinnormaldatalmning、Inthelntemet,varioustimeseriesdatacanbeobtained、Fbrinstance,theimagedataoftheweathersatel‐liteandthedataofvarioussensorscanbeobtained、The
featureofthesedataiscontinuousdatainthetimeseries・
Thetechniqueswhichapplieddataminingfromdatabasesareusedfortimeseriesdata,butsometechniqueswereimprovedfortimeseriesdata・
Thedigitalmeasurementsofthetemperatureandhumid‐ityウetc・becomepossible,andconnectingthesystemthatacquiredthemeasureddataonthenetworkbecomespos‐sible・However,therearemanymeasurementsystemswhich
arerichsystemsthatareusedsensorsonPCorwhicharecheapmlcrocomputersystemsthatneedtoconstructaspecialnetworkforthesensornetwork、Weproposethesensornetworksystemusingthemicrocomputerboardthatcanconnecttothelntemet.'IhisproposedsystemcanacquireinfOrmationfromthesensorofthemicrocomputergrouparrangedonthenetwork,andcanvlewcollectedinfoTmationonWebbrowser・
InKES2006,'itwasshowntobeabletoconstructeasilythemicrocomputer,ssensornetworkwhichwascombinedmicrocomputermodules(MicroCube)andthedatabaseserverandtheWebapplicationserver・Thesystemthatmeasuredtheroomtemperatureinschoolcampuswascon‐structed,ithasrunforabouttwoyears,andtheeffective‐nessisverified.
’Iheresearchofecopic2'3issimilartothisresearch,Theecopicresearchhasaimedtheconstructionofecopicofthe
Abstractlnthispaper,weproposethesystemthatcom-binesthesensornetworkwiththemaildeliverysystemto
constructthesystemthatobservesanenvironmentalchangeofthebroile藍house.Asaresultofhearingoftheproducer,theenvlronmentsystemneedstoabletobeobservedsomebroile藍houses,toinspectthesummarydatafromthecel-
lularphone,andtotransmitthewamingmailinarapidtemperaturechange、Abasicpartofthesystemisasensornetworkbythesensormodulethatwedeveloped、Onlythesensormodulesareputintheeachbroile垂house,andthenetworkbywirelessLANcommunicationisconstructed,becausethesystemneedstowatchoftwoormorebroile野houses,anditisdifiiculttosetupalarge-scalesystematthebroiler岩house、Thealways-connectedhigh-speedlntemetispreferabletoaccumulate,toprocessdata,andtoofferittotheuserinacomprehensiblefOrm・But,itisdifficulttobuildalways-connectedhigh-speedlntemetatthechickenfarmwhichisusedbyexperiment.'IheserverissetupintheremoteplaCe,andweproposethesystemthatdeliversdatafromthechickenfarmwithmail・Theverificationofthe
effectivenessoftheproposedsystemandtheproblemareexaminedbyactuallysettingupthesystemthatproposesitinthebroⅡ“house,andoperatingit.
lIntmduction
nlisworkwaspresentedinpartatthel3thlntemationalSymposiumonArtifcialLifeandRobotics,Oita,Japan,January31-氏bruary212008
A、Niimi(函)DepartmentofMediaArchitecture,FutureUniversity-Hakodate,116-2Kamedanakano-cho,Hakodate,HokkaidoO41-8655,Japane-mail:niimi@fun、acjp
MWada
CollaborativeResearchCenter,FutureUniversity-Hakodate,Hakodate
K・Ito.M・Tbda
Depal・tmentofMediaArchitecture,FutureUniversity-Hakodate
K・Hatfmaka
DepartmentoflntemationalBio-BusinessStudies,TbkyoUniversityofAgricmture,'Ibkyo,Japan
0.Konishi
DepartmentofComplexSystems,FutureUniversity-Hakodate
』■JIIJIIl
ORIGINALARTICLE
CPUboardfOrbatteryoperationSameforgeneralpurpose(seeHg2)SameforControⅡerAreaNetwork(CAN)
ExtensionboardfOrEthemetConnection(seeFig.3)SameforCompactFlashslotSameforstoragedevicesSameforanalog/digitalIOSamefor4-portserialinterfaceSameforwirelesscommunicationSameforPCMCIAslot
265
nblel・LineupoftheCPUandextensionboardsofmicrocube
11
BoardName Fbatures
TheMicroCubeisaboardcomputerandiscomposedofseveralstackableboards、9''0]Figurelisaphotoshowingone
’H8B048BV
H8/3069
H8s/2638
LAN
CF
IDE
ADIO
COM4
RF
PCMCTA
2Sensorm⑪。ⅡI②
2.10utlineofmicrocube
weatherobservingsystemthatcanmakeiteasilybyuser‘OurproposedsystemhasaimofimprovingtheextendibilitybyusingMicroCubethatisgeneralitymodule.
’IherearealotofresearchesaboutMOTEwhichisthe
wirelesssensornetworkplathome,andmiddlewarethattreatsthesensornetworkasadatabaseisresearched、4~6The
queryprocessingsystemcauedTinyDB7thatmnson'IinyOS8whichiscompactOSforthewirelesssensorequip‐ment(MOTE)wereproposed、Alotofsensornodesareneededtoconstmctthesystemthatcoverstheentireuni‐
versitybythewirelesssensornetwork・Whenthesystemthatcoversthecampusisconstructed,constructingitwithsmaUnumberofsensornodesinusingthewirednetworkattheschoolbecomespossibleintheproposedsystem・
Inthispaper,weproposethesystemthatcombinesthesensornetworkwiththemaildeliverysystemtoconstructthesystemthatobservesanenvironmentalchangeofthebroilerLhouse.Asaresultofhearingoftheproducer,theenvironmentsystemneedstoabletobeobservedsomebroile垂houses,toinspectthesummarydatafromthecel‐lularphone,andtotransmitthewamingmailinarapidtemperaturechange、Thevenficationoftheeffectivenessof
theproposedsystemandtheproblemareexaminedbyactuanysettingupthesystemthatproposesitinthebroile野house,andoperatingit・
Chapter2describesthesensormoduleusingMicroCube,Chapter3describesthecompositionofthesensornetwoIkasserve形clUentsystem・Wedescribetheinstalla-tionofMicroCube,theserverandtheclientandthetech-
niqueofcollectingandviewingdata、Chapter4describestheproposedsensorsystemwithMicroCubeandmail
deliverysystem、Inchapter5,wedescribeconstructionofourproposedsystem,anddiscussabouttheproblemwhenconstructingsensornetwork,Section6describesconclusionandenhancinginafUture.
ofthecombinationsofstackedMicroCube.'Ihespeciiica‐tionsoftheCPUandextensionboardsareSummaTizedin
Thblel・IthasaCPUboardwithaRENESASH8CPU
andaTCP/IPProtocolstack、Stackableboardscanvaryasfollows:EthernetLANboard,compactflashboard・PCMCIAboard,serialboard(RS232CandRS422)andsoon.(someboardsshowninFigs、2,3).Sincethedifferentcombinationsofstackableboardsmakeaseamlessconnec‐
tionwiththesensors,userscanstructureanadhocsensor
networkveryeasilymogetsensorinformationthroughthelntemet,HTrPisalsoemployedsothatusercangetdataviaastandardWebbrowser.
Fig.1.Photoofastackedmicrocube
TheMicroCubeusedinthesystemtogettheinformationofroomconditioniscomposedoftheH8/3069CPUboard,LANboard,andspecialsensorboard・Thespecialsensorboardisutilizedtheboardusedoftheprogrammmgprac‐ticeclassinFutureUniversity-Hakodate.('Ihesensorboardisshownin]Fig.1)FutureUniversity-Hakodatehastheprogrammmgpracticeclasswiththemicrocomputerandassemblerlanguage,as‘‘MediaArchitecturePracticell,'、ThespecialboardfOrMicroCubewasdesignedfbritspracticeclass,Thepushswitch,thethermallysensitiveresis‐tor(temperaturesensor),andCdSsensor(opticalsensol)
2.21nstrumentationofthepresentsystem
Inthissection,wedescribeproposedsensormodule.
副Outer
Fig.4.Sensorboard
266
WebEDB/WebFig.2.CPUboard 一面躍り§
弓rowserServer
I||川I’
mIcromIcro
。
ロ|倍
四。届
3NetworkconfigurationwithMicr0Cube
Cube Cube
wereattachedonthisboardasaninput、Moreover,four
digitsseven-segmentsLEDandfourtwo-colorLEDwereattachedasanoutput、Becauseanaccuratetemperaturemeasurementusingthethermallysensitiveresistorisdifii雪cult,adigitalsensorisaddedinthisboardforourexperi‐ment・Humiditycanbealsomeasuredinthisdigitalsensor‘Onlythetemperaturedataisacquiredthisexperimentthoughsomesensorsareattachedontheboard.'Iheexchangeandtheadditionofthesensorcanbeeasilydonebyexchangingthesensorboards(Fig.4).
Thesensornetworkthatmeasuredtheroomtemperature
inschoolcampuswasconstructedbyusingthemicrocom‐puterthatexplainedinChapter2、Figure5showsthecom‐positionoftheconstmctedsensornetworksystem、'1his
Tbconfirmthemeasurementdataeasily;themeasured
datawasdisplayedinseven-segmentsLED、Moreover,datacanbegotbyHTTPthoughthenetwork・Whenonlyonesensormoduleruns,theusercandisplayapresenttempera-turewhentheuseraccessesitusingWebbrowser.
里
! Fig.5.Networkconnguration
Fig.3.LANboard
OffTceSenFer
267
■
血ble2・Softwareusedinthewebdatabaseserver
weakinthechangeofenvironment,andthesensornetworkisneededinthechickenfarm
lnthispaper,weproposethesystemthatcombinesthesensornetworkwithamaildeliverysystemtoconstructthesystemthatobservesanenvironmentalchangeofthebroile垂house・Asaresultofhearingoftheproducer,theenvironmentsystemneedstoabletobeobservedsomebroile垂houses,toinspectthesummarydatafromthecel‐lularphone,andtotransmitthewamlngmailinarapidtemperatureChange,Pigure6showsthecompositionoftheconstructedsensornetworksystemwithamaildeliverysystem、
Abasicpartofthesystemisasensornetworkbythesensormodulethatwedeveloped、Onlythesensormodulesareputintheeachbroile垂house,andthenetworkbywire‐lessLANcommunicationisconstructed,becausethesystemneedstowatchoftwoormorebroile垂houses,anditisdifL
ficulttosetupalarge-scalesystematthebroile垂house・
Figure7showsthesensormodulewhichisputinaplasticcasefordust-proofandthedrip-proofTheserverisputontheoffice・ItwasunderstoodthatthetransmissionpowerwasinsufficientinusualwirelessLANequipmentbecausetheofnceandthebroile趣ousehadthedistance(over80m),thenweusedtheequipmentofwirelessLANof
l‐
DJ罰百SeIverSoftwaTeSystem M⑥biIePho醐巳
局ロ■■
、■ロ
■■■
Weapplytheknow-howofproposedsystemconstructiontooperateofthesysteminafieldenvironment・Inthispaper,wediscussanenvironmentalmonitoringsystemof
thebroile碓house、Itisnecessarytoobservethetempera‐turechangeinthebroilel迄housefOrababybirdwhichis
OS
HrlP
Database
Softwarecodes
RedHatLinuxrelease9
Apache2、0.40PostgreSQL732Tbmcat5、O28andPer158.0
4BmiIer-houseenvimnmentmonitoringsystemIIsingsensornetworkandmaiIdeIiveⅣsystem
WebCョmera
一三盛ニーーnetworkconhgurationisusedforpersonalbuoysystemfor
hshery6''-13‘Iheusedsoftwareisshownbelow(see通ble2).‘Ihe
datastorepartisimplementedbyPerl,andthedatadisplaypartisimplementedbyJSR
ThefOllowingstepsshowsthestepsofthecollectionofdataandthedisplaystoreddata.
Sensers出師旨
Fig.7.Setupsensormodule
Fig.6.Networkconiigurationwithamaildeliverysystem
阜一》
輔鰯:…ー一瞬9W寅剰(a)URLoftheserverisopenedfromaWebbrowser.(b)JSPaccessesthedatabase.(c)Necessarydataisacquiredfi・omthedatabase,(d)Theresultisprocessedtothegraphanddisplayediton
abrowser.
’IheMicroCubearrangedinschoolisconnectedwithcampusnetwork(LAN).ThedataofeachsensormoduleisacqUiredwiththeserversetuponthecampusnetworkatregularintervals,andstoresinthedatabase、Inshoolexp配iment,dataisacquiredfromthesensormoduleeveryten
minutes、TheacquireddataisprocessedwiththeWebapplicationserversetuponthesameserver,andcanbedisplayedfromWebbrowserofPConthecampusnetwolk
Atfirst,MicroCubeconnectedtocampusnetworkbyarrangingitintherouterbecausetherouterhadnotbeenexceededinLANofthemicrocube・Afterwards,connect‐
ingMicroCubetothecampusnetworkevenifwemodifiedtheprogram,andtherouterisnotsetupbecamepossiblesothattherouterwasexceeded.
】
リ
3.1Datastorage
可
(a)ThePerlscriptaccessestoURLofMicroCube.(b)MicroCuberetumsthemeasurementresultbyHTML
fOrmat.
(c)HTMLisparsed,andnecessarydataispreservedinthedatabage.
F
jE,§
勘
可
”3.2Databrowse
--
pIa配Iastmin『旧xan理
1011H⑪14.B己n51BL1
10理1且11s.垂an31週-3
や
I"告
表示期間二過去 週間⑪
耐9.8.SetuPwirelessLAN
み一 ●
最終計測:望O〔〕M11向9岨溌Fig.10.Screenshotoflistview■■
■
268
Theverificationoftheeffectivenessoftheproposedsystemandtheproblemareexaminedbyactuallysettingupthesystemthatproposesitinthebroile垂house,andoperat-ingit・
Intheexperiment,weconstructthebroile好houseenvi‐ronmentmonitoringsystemwhichcontainsthesensormodulesarrangedinthebroile野houses,sensornetworktobringtogethersensorinformationinthechickenfarmand
totransmitittotheserverbymail,andtheservertoinspectfromthecellularphoneandtotransmitthewamingmailaboutarapidtemperaturechange、
ThesystemthatexplainedinChapter4wasactuallyconstructed・ThesystemisconstructedinNovember,2007,anditisrunningnow・
Somedatadisplayexamplesareshownasfbuows.(SeeHgs、10-11)ThedisplayedvolumeofinformationwasdecreasedfortheoutputforthecelluarphoneanditdeviseditasseeneasilybTheoutputoflistviewandgraphviewaremutuallyswitched、Theelectricwavesituationofthecelluarphonewasbad,thenitwasnotpossibletocommunicatebythecelluarphoneofapartofcareerintheoffice.
]Figurel2showsoneexampleoftemperatureoutput、Itwasabletobeconfirmedthatthechangelnarapidroom
temperatureforashorttimehadoccurredfromHg、12withconsiderablefrequency,Becauseitisdifncultinapresentnetworkenvironmenttowamofthetemperaturechangeinashorttime,ithasbeenunderstoodtohavetoincrease
networkconnectionstocorrespondtoarapidtemperaturechangeinashorttime、
BecausedatabegantocoⅡect,temperaturedataissched‐uledtobeanalyzedinthefUture.
J1
theserverforthetotalputontheremoteplace.'Iheaccu-mulationdatacanbereferredtobyputtingtheserverontheremoteplaceregardlessofthecommunicationenvlron‐mentoftheoffice、Becausetheserverwasputontheremote
place,itispossiblethatwamingtoarapidtemperaturechangeslows.Inthisexperlment,weconsideredaboutpro‐ducer'scommunicationfeeandtheeasinessoftheserver
installation.
.嘩癌””旬細争
腿1
5日《perimemtaIresuIts画 と
Fig.8.WirelessLANequipmentwasabletobeusedtosetuptheWebcamera,andpeopleintheofncecanconiirmbabybirdsofthebroile吟house.'IheWebcamerawassetupasshowninH9.9.
Thealways-connectedhigh-speedlntemetisPreferabletoaccumulate,toprocessdata,andtoofferittotheuserinacomprehensibleform、But,itisdifficulttobuildalways弓connectedhigh-speedlntemetatthechickenfarmwhichisusedbyexperiment.'IheserverissetupintheremoteplaCe,andweproposethesystemthatdeliversdatafromthechickenfarmwithmail.‘Ihesensordataisaccumulated
intheserversetupintheofiiceeverylOminutes,andtransmittedtotheserverforthetotalwithmaileveryhour‘
Inthisexperiment,theserverconnectedtothelntemetwiththedialupaccesseverytime,UsingdialupaccessandnotePCasofficeserver,itisabletobeconstructedthatthe
systemisabletotransmitmailwhenapowerfailureforashorttimeishappened・
Theaccumulationofdata,makingtheoutputfortheceⅡuarphone,andmakingthewamingmailaredonewith
'。
●19
Fig.9.Setupweb-camera
吟ナ十+
broiler迄houses,toinspectthesummarydatafromthecel‐lularphone,andtotransmitthewamingmailinarapidtemperaturechange,Abasicpartofthesystemisasensornetworkbythesensormodulethatwedeveloped,OnlythesensormodulesareputintheeaChbroilerhouse,andthenetworkbywirelessLANcommunicationisconstructed,becausethesystemneedstowatchoftwoormorebroilel迄
houses,anditisdifiiculttosetupalarge-scalesystematthebroilelLhouse.'Ihealways-connectedhigh-speedlntemetispreferabletoaccumulate,toprocessdata,andtoofferittotheuserinacomprehensibleform,But,itisdifficulttobuildalways-connectedhigh-speedlntemetatthechickenfarmwhichisusedbyexperiment、Theserverissetupintheremoteplace,andweproposethesystemthatdeliversdatafromthechickenfarmwithmail・
TheverificationoftheeffectivenessoftheproposedsystemandtheproblemareexaminedbyactuaⅡysettingupthesystemthatproposesitinthebroileEhouse,andoperatingit、Intheexperiment,weconstructthebroiler造houseenvironmentmonitoringsystemwhichcontainsthesensormodulesarrangedinthebroiler造houses,sensornetworktobringtogethersensorinformationinthechickenfarmandtotransmitittotheserverbymail,andtheservertoinspectfromthecellularphoneandtotransmitthewammgmailaboutarapidtemperaturechange・
Becausedatabegantocollect,temperaturedataissched‐uledtobeanalyzedinthefUture,Intheanalysisofdata,itisthoughtthatitispossibletorefertoatechniqueofthemnltiagentbase'4''5andananalyticaltechniqueoftheanaly‐sisofthefixedpointobservationdata、'6
WhethertheoperationofalongtermcanbeenduredwillbeexaminedinthefUture,Moreover,thetemperaturechangewamingsystemthatdecreasesnetworkconnectionasmuchaspossibleisscheduledtobedeveloped.
画6
6ConcIusioI1
! lnthispaper,weproposethesystemthatcombinesthesensornetworkwiththemaildeliverysystemtoconstructthesystemthatobservesanenvironmentalchangeofthebroile形house.Asaresultofhearingoftheproducer,theenvironmentsystemneedstoabletobeobservedsome
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MEDIA2005,Proceedings,pp4404-4408
270
grammingLanguagesandOperatingSystems,pp93-104
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10.HatanakaK,WadaM,KotakiM(2005)Instrumentationforthemeasurementofshallowseabedtopographybyafishingechosounder.’、:Oceans2005MTS/IEEEConferenceProceedings,OceanlnstrumentationI,ppl-6
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l』
dId-B