broadband connectivity in north and central asia … connectivity in nca enea rev.pdfbroadband...

IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE

ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY

BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN NORTH

AND CENTRAL ASIA (NCA),

EAST AND NORTH-EAST ASIA (ENEA)

ICT and Development Section

ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1-2 November 2017



Trends in Fixed-Broadband connectivity

2

Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

0.3 0.91.6

2.63.8

4.96.1

7.28.4

10.011.5

13.514.6

15.516.2

21.0

23.8

0.10.10.10.10.10.1 0.30.30.30.30.30.3 0.60.60.60.60.60.6 1.01.01.01.01.01.0 1.61.61.61.61.61.6 2.12.12.12.12.12.1 2.72.72.72.72.72.7 3.43.43.43.43.43.4 4.14.14.14.14.14.14.94.94.94.94.94.9

5.75.75.75.75.75.76.76.76.76.76.76.7 7.37.37.37.37.37.3 7.87.87.87.87.87.8 8.38.38.38.38.38.3

10.310.310.310.310.310.311.511.511.511.511.511.5

0

10

20

30

Fix

ed-b

roadban

d s

ubsc

riptions

per 100 inhabitan

ts

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Year

East & North-East Asia ESCAP

Pacific Developing Countries Pacific

South-East Asia North & Central Asia

South & South-West Asia



3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

AfghanistanTurkmenistan

TajikistanTimor-Leste

Kiribati

Papua New GuineaSolomon Islands

MyanmarLao P.D.R.CambodiaPakistan

NepalIndonesiaSamoaIndiaFiji

Vanuatu

Marshall IslandsTonga

BangladeshSri LankaMicronesiaPhilippines

BhutanUzbekistanKyrgyzstan

PalauMaldives

MongoliaBrunei Darussalam

Viet NamMalaysiaThailandArmenia

TuvaluIran (I.R.)Turkey

KazakhstanGeorgia

French Polynesia

ChinaRussian Federation

AzerbaijanNew Caledonia

SingaporeAustralia

Macao, ChinaJapan

New ZealandHong Kong, China

Korea (Rep.)

Fixed Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100)

Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid.aspx



4

Trends in Mobile- Broadband connectivity

Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

0.0 2.310.1 13.4

20.027.4

31.7

50.1

62.6

72.7

0.10.10.10.10.10.1 0.90.90.90.90.90.9 4.14.14.14.14.14.18.48.48.48.48.48.4

12.412.412.412.412.412.416.316.316.316.316.316.3

20.620.620.620.620.620.6

31.031.031.031.031.031.039.539.539.539.539.539.5

48.748.748.748.748.748.7

0

50

100

150

Act

ive

mobile-b

road

band s

ubsc

riptions

per

100 inhab

itan

ts (

Avera

ge)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Year

East & North-East Asia ESCAP

Pacific Developing Countries Pacific

South-East Asia North & Central Asia

South & South-West Asia



5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Kiribati

Brunei Darussalam

Afghanistan

Papua New Guinea

India

Samoa

Turkmenistan

Solomon Islands

Tajikistan

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Lao P.D.R.

Sri Lanka

Iran (I.R.)

Nepal

French Polynesia

Uzbekistan

Tonga

Myanmar

Kyrgyzstan

Timor-Leste

Viet Nam

Armenia

Vanuatu

Philippines

Indonesia

Cambodia

Fiji

Georgia

Turkey

China

Bhutan

Kazakhstan

Azerbaijan

Maldives

Russian Federation

Thailand

Mongolia

Malaysia

Hong Kong, China

Korea (Rep.)

Australia

New Zealand

Japan

Singapore

Macao, China

Mobile Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100)

Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid.aspx



6

Broadband affordability in NCA

Source : Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU Measuring the Information Society Report

Fixed Broadband Mobile Broadband



Broadband affordability and fixed

broadband subscriptions

7

Sources: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database



Regulations and Broadband Access

• There is a strong correlation between the perceptions on

quality of regulations (World Bank – World Governance

Indicators) and fixed-broadband subscriptions.

Better quality of

regulation

instills certainty

in an

investment

environment,

which

encourages

private

operators to

invest more.

8



Online Services & Telecommunications

Infrastructure Indices

9

Source: ESCAP. (2016). The State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide.



Projected bandwidth demand in NCA

Projected

annual growth

2016-2020

Projected

Total growth

2016-2020

Share of

corporate data

in international

bandwidth

demand

2016

Share of

corporate data

in international

bandwidth

demand

2020

Share of

Internet in

international

bandwidth

demand

2016

Share of

Internet in

international

bandwidth

demand

2020

Azerbaijan 45.7% +350.2% 11.3% 12.5% 88.7% 87.4%

Kazakhstan 49.6% +399.5% 16.6% 16.7% 83.2% 83.3%

Kyrgyzstan 51.4% +423.3% 2.2% 5.1% 97.8% 94.9%

Russian Federation 38.0% +263.1% 34.5% 40.2% 65.2% 59.6%

Tajikistan 102.5% +1562.5% 12.5% 8.3% 87.5% 91.7%

Turkmenistan 132.7% +2700.0% 7.5% 8.9% 75.0% 91.1%

Uzbekistan 57.5% +508.0% 8.0% 11.5% 88.0% 86.1%

Region 40.9% +294.1% 29.9% 32.9% 69.8% 67.0%

Source: ESCAP, “Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific”, 2016.

10



Forecasted international bandwidth in

NCA– 2015-2026

5306

216433

7431

318037

10280

467343

14449

6831

51

20224

9843

58

28106

13796

67

39403

19152

78

54982

25879

90

76703

34976

104

107155

47341

119

149909

64194

136

209980

87167

158

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

Gbps

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Forecasted international bandwidth in North and Central Asia, 2015-2026

Internet Corporate data

Voice



12

Broadband Drivers in developed country(Korea,

Japan)

Consistent & Strong Policies

• Government set up goal, directions, implementation frameworks and financing methods critical to the development of national ICT infrastructure.

• Take part in all processes of developing national infrastructure as a control tower from planning to implementation

Stimulating the participation from the private sector

• Initial demand generation and a rapid expansion of informatization in the public sector.

• Funding via Public-Private Partnership (PPP), especially in rural area.

• well-balanced virtuous cycle between supply-side and demand-generating policies

Promoting Market competitions

• Encouraged market competition using liberalizing market entry

• Ease entry restriction for new entrants and to formulate an environment for fair competition, such as enhancing regulation on Interconnection and Infrastructure sharing



A Study on the Belt and Road initiative to connect

China and Central Asia

13

Logical Network Topology in China-Central Asia

To connect countries

along the Belt and

Road, Kazakhstan

and Urumqi are

selected to be the

core nodes for both

intra- and inter-

corridor connectivity,

because of their

strong international

connectivity



A Study on the Belt and Road initiative to connect

China and Central Asia

14

Physical Network Topology in China-Central Asia

Two cross-border

fibre-optic routes in

this topology are not

currently present

- Pakistan-Urumqi

- Azerbaijan-

Kazakhstan.

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