Unit-1Introduction of managementDEFINITION

According to Harold Koontz, Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals.LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

The three levels of management are as follows

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

1: planning2: organizing3: Stafing4: directing5: controlling

ROLES OF MANAGER

EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT

The different approaches of management are

1. Classical approach, Scientific Management. Administrative Management. Bureaucratic Management.2. Behavioral approach, Human Relations. Behavioral Science.3. Quantitative approach, (i)Management Science (Operations Research) (ii) Production And Operations Management

5)Systems approach,

5) Contingency approach.

Contribution of Fayola and Taylor:Taylors Scientific Management:Element of Scientific Management:1. Scientific task and rate setting (work study)a) Methods studyb) Motion Studyc) Time study (work measurement)d) Fatigue studye) Rate setting2. Planning the Task3. Selection and Training4. Standardizationa) Tools and Equipmentb) Speedc) Conditions of Works:Materials5. Specializationa) Route Clerkb) The instruction card clerkc) The time and cost clerkd) The shop Disciplinariane) The gang bossf) The speed bossg) The repair bossh) The inspectori) Mental revolutionHenry Fayols 14 Principles of management:1) Division of work2) Authority and responsibility3) Discipline4) Unity of command5) Unity of direction6) Emphasis of subordination of personal interest to general or common interest7) Remuneration8) Centralization9) Scalar chain10) Order11) Equity12) Stability of tenure13) Esprit of co operation14) InitiativeOrganization and environmental factor:Types of business organizationa) Sole proprietorshipb) Partnershipc) Corporationsd) Joint stock companye) Public corporationsf) Government companiesCLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Trends and challengers of management in global scenario:a) Planning and decision making in a global scenariob) Organizing in a global scenarioc) Leading in global scenariod) Controlling in global scenario