British Imperialism in British Imperialism in IndiaIndia

IndiaIndia

Hindus and MuslimsHindus and Muslims

ONE OF THE WORLD’S OLDEST CIVILISATION

Hindu Marriage CeremonyHindu Marriage Ceremony

World’s largest Hindu templeWorld’s largest Hindu temple

ISLAMIC MOGUL EMPIREISLAMIC MOGUL EMPIRE

Great Britain in IndiaGreat Britain in India

1600’s Great Britain set up trading posts through out India1600’s Great Britain set up trading posts through out India

British East India CompanyBritish East India Company 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by

British governmentBritish government

company had its own armycompany had its own army Company army led by Company army led by

British army officersBritish army officers

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown” British forbade India from British forbade India from

trading on its own with trading on its own with other countriesother countries

India was forced to produce raw India was forced to produce raw materials for only Britain and to materials for only Britain and to buy finished products from only buy finished products from only BritainBritain

Indian competition with British Indian competition with British finished products was forbiddenfinished products was forbidden

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown” Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from

inside India to its portsinside India to its ports

Raw Materials Taken from India Raw Materials Taken from India Tea Tea Indigo (dye for clothing)Indigo (dye for clothing)

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India CoffeeCoffee Cotton Cotton

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India Jute (fiber for making rope)

Opium (plant that heroin is Opium (plant that heroin is made from)made from)

SepoysSepoys Indians who joined British armies in IndiaIndians who joined British armies in India

Resented by other IndiansResented by other Indians

SOMETIMES THERE WERE ONLY A HANDFUL OF BRITISH AMONGST MILLIONS.

Positives for IndiaPositives for India Great Britain laid the Great Britain laid the

world’s third largest world’s third largest railroad network in Indiarailroad network in India

British brought fair and British brought fair and efficient government to efficient government to IndiaIndia

Modern road Modern road

networknetwork

■ ■ Telephone and telegraph linesTelephone and telegraph lines

Dams, bridges, canalsDams, bridges, canals

Sanitation and public health Sanitation and public health improvedimproved

Schools/Schools/

colleges foundedcolleges founded Truces betweenTruces between

local warring rulers local warring rulers

in India in India

Negatives for India Negatives for India British held all political and British held all political and

economic powereconomic power

British restricted Indian-British restricted Indian-owned industriesowned industries

Cash crops made it impossible Cash crops made it impossible for small farmers to produce for small farmers to produce enough food for themselvesenough food for themselves

Racist attitudes of most British Racist attitudes of most British officials and missionaries officials and missionaries threatened Indian traditional lifethreatened Indian traditional life

Indians RebelIndians Rebel By 1850 most Indians resented By 1850 most Indians resented

that Great Britain owned their that Great Britain owned their countrycountry

Indians were angry at attempts Indians were angry at attempts to forcefully convert them to to forcefully convert them to ChristianityChristianity

Indians were angry Britain Indians were angry Britain controlled all useful land in controlled all useful land in their country their country

■ ■ Indians were angry at the constant Indians were angry at the constant racism expressed towards them by racism expressed towards them by the Britishthe British

Indian National Congress 1885Indian National Congress 1885 Made up of Made up of HindusHindus; called for ; called for

self-governmentself-government upset that Britain segregated upset that Britain segregated

Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim section and Hindu section in 1905section and Hindu section in 1905

INC led acts of violence INC led acts of violence against British in Bengal against British in Bengal

1911 Britain changed the order 1911 Britain changed the order of segregation of segregation

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) (1869-1948) Gandhi Gandhi preached/practiced preached/practiced

Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience deliberate and public refusal deliberate and public refusal

to obey any unjust lawto obey any unjust law rebellion without violencerebellion without violence

1920 1920 Indian National Indian National CongressCongress officially adopts officially adopts Gandhi’s policy as a means to Gandhi’s policy as a means to push for independence push for independence

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) (1869-1948) Gandhi’s Plan for Gandhi’s Plan for Civil Disobedience:Civil Disobedience: Refuse to buy British goodsRefuse to buy British goods

Refuse to attend British schoolsRefuse to attend British schools

Refuse to pay British taxesRefuse to pay British taxes

Refuse to vote in electionsRefuse to vote in elections

Indians weave their own Indians weave their own

cloth (to put British cloth cloth (to put British cloth

out of business)out of business)