Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,AMERICAN AMERICAN HISTORY 13/eHISTORY 13/eChapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:The Global Crisis, 1921-1941The Global Crisis, 1921-1941

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis The Diplomacy of the New EraThe Diplomacy of the New Era

Myth of IsolationismMyth of Isolationism– Replacing the LeagueReplacing the League

Washington Conference of 1921Washington Conference of 1921 Tried to Prevent a Global Arms RaceTried to Prevent a Global Arms Race Five-Power Pact of 1922Five-Power Pact of 1922 Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact

– Debts and DiplomacyDebts and Diplomacy Circular LoansCircular Loans Economic Expansion in Latin AmericaEconomic Expansion in Latin America Hoover Repealed the Roosevelt CorollaryHoover Repealed the Roosevelt Corollary U.S. Troops Withdrawn from HaitiU.S. Troops Withdrawn from Haiti

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Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis The Diplomacy of the New EraThe Diplomacy of the New Era

– Hoover and the World CrisisHoover and the World Crisis Japan Seizes Manchuria-1931Japan Seizes Manchuria-1931 Mussolini Seizes Power in 1922Mussolini Seizes Power in 1922 End of the Weimar RepublicEnd of the Weimar Republic Creation of the Third Reich-1933Creation of the Third Reich-1933 Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism LebensraumLebensraum Failure of America’s Failure of America’s

Interwar Diplomacy Interwar Diplomacy

Hitler in the Reichstag (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)3

The Rape of NankingThe Rape of Nanking

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis Isolationism and InternationalismIsolationism and Internationalism

– Depression DiplomacyDepression Diplomacy FDR’s “Bombshell”FDR’s “Bombshell” Reciprocal Trade Reciprocal Trade

Agreement Act-1934Agreement Act-1934

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Library of Congress)

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis Isolationism and InternationalismIsolationism and Internationalism

– America and the Soviet UnionAmerica and the Soviet Union– Roosevelt Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Roosevelt Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the

USSR-1933USSR-1933– Japanese Expansion in the Far East-1930sJapanese Expansion in the Far East-1930s

– The Good Neighbor PolicyThe Good Neighbor Policy Inter-American ConferenceInter-American Conference

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“No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another”

Cordell Hull

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis Isolationism and InternationalismIsolationism and Internationalism

– The Rise of IsolationismThe Rise of Isolationism Sources of IsolationismSources of Isolationism American Public SentimentAmerican Public Sentiment Neutrality Act of 1935Neutrality Act of 1935 Mandatory Arms Embargo for Both sidesMandatory Arms Embargo for Both sides Neutrality Act of 1937Neutrality Act of 1937 ““Cash and Carry” PolicyCash and Carry” Policy Invasion of Ethiopia-1935Invasion of Ethiopia-1935 ““Quarantine” SpeechQuarantine” Speech PanayPanay Incident-1937 Incident-1937 The The AnschlussAnschluss (Union)-1938 (Union)-1938

– The Failure of MunichThe Failure of Munich Munich Conference-1938Munich Conference-1938 Failure of “Appeasement”Failure of “Appeasement”8

AnschlussAnschluss

Munich AgreementMunich Agreement

Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five: The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis

► Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939) Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939) ► Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland-German Invasion September 1, 1939-German Invasion September 1, 1939-Russian Invasion September 17, 1939-Russian Invasion September 17, 1939

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Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis From Neutrality to InterventionFrom Neutrality to Intervention

– Neutrality TestedNeutrality Tested Cash-and-CarryCash-and-Carry Roosevelt Declares NeutralityRoosevelt Declares Neutrality Fall of France-1940Fall of France-1940 Ambassador Joseph KennedyAmbassador Joseph Kennedy Shifting Public OpinionShifting Public Opinion America First CommitteeAmerica First Committee

15

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis

16

French citizens look on in horror as Germans march into Paris, June 14, 1940 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis From Neutrality to InterventionFrom Neutrality to Intervention

– The Third-Term CampaignThe Third-Term Campaign Wendell WillkieWendell Willkie

– Neutrality AbandonedNeutrality Abandoned Lend-Lease-1940Lend-Lease-1940 Aid to Great BritainAid to Great Britain Germany Invades the USSR-June 22, 1941Germany Invades the USSR-June 22, 1941 Sinking of the Sinking of the Reuben James-Reuben James-Oct. 1941Oct. 1941 Atlantic Charter-1941Atlantic Charter-1941 Anglo-American Alliance Anglo-American Alliance

Based on Common Principles Based on Common Principles

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Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis

First Mass Air Raid on London, September 7, 1940 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)

19

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis

German Troops in Russia, 1941 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)20

Frederick Barbarossa

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis From Neutrality to InterventionFrom Neutrality to Intervention

– The Road to Pearl HarborThe Road to Pearl Harbor Tripartite Pact-1940Tripartite Pact-1940 J.I.G.J.I.G. Tokyo’s Decision Tokyo’s Decision

for Warfor War Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7,1941Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7,1941 Aircraft Carriers SparedAircraft Carriers Spared Germany Declares War Germany Declares War

on the U.S. on the U.S.

The USS Arizona sinks after theJapanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 71941 (CORBIS / Royalty-Free)

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Yamamoto

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global CrisisAmerica in the World:America in the World:

The Sino-Japanese War, 1931-1941The Sino-Japanese War, 1931-1941

Baby after Japanese bombing of Shanghai, August 28, 1937 (CORBIS/Royalty Free )

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Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis

Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:

Orson Welles and the “War of the Worlds”Orson Welles and the “War of the Worlds”

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Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 (CORBIS / Royalty-Free)

Chapter Twenty-five: Chapter Twenty-five:

The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis

Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:

The Question of Pearl HarborThe Question of Pearl Harbor

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