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Slide 2 Brigitte T. Sicat, Pharm.D, BCPS Assistant Professor of Pharmacy VCU School of Pharmacy Slide 3 What do you feel your specific discipline brings to the health care team? What dont you know that you look to others for? Slide 4 After this learning session, you should be able to: Discuss how pharmacists are trained Explain what pharmacists do Discuss career paths of pharmacists Discuss governmental and voluntary oversight of pharmacy Discuss the continuing education requirements for pharmacists Discuss current issues in pharmacy Slide 5 Pre-pharmacy Pharmacy School 4 years to earn Pharm.D. degree Some programs pre-pharmacy & pharmacy work is combined Residency Supervised practice Specific field of practice Fellowship Slide 6 8 SH General Biology (6 SH lecture and 2 SH laboratory) 8 SH College Chemistry (6 SH lecture and 2 SH laboratory) 8 SH Organic Chemistry (6 SH lecture and 2 SH laboratory) 4 SH Physics (3 SH lecture and 1 SH laboratory) 3 SH Human Anatomy (also, 1 SH lab is preferred) 3 SH Human Physiology 3 SH Microbiology (also, 1 SH lab is preferred) 3 SH Biochemistry 6 SH English (3 SH of composition and rhetoric is required) 3 SH Calculus 3 SH Statistics 3 SH Public Speaking 35 SH Elective Courses 1 90 SH Minimum Total 1 Cell biology, genetics and immunology are highly recommended and are the only science courses that can count towards the minimum of 35 semester hours of electives. Other highly recommended electives are computer science, economics, psychology, and sociology. Others include political science, anthropology, history, foreign languages, philosophy and religious studies Slide 7 Pre-pharmacy Pharmacy School 4 years Some programs pre-pharmacy & pharmacy work is combined Residency Supervised practice Specific field of practice Fellowship Slide 8 Course Title Course Credit Basic Pharmaceutical Principles for the Practicing Pharmacist 3.0 Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics I 3.0 Evidence Based Pharmacy I (Drug Info) 1.0 Health Promotion & Disease Prevention 2.5 Contemporary Pharmacy Practice 3.5 Communications in Pharmacy Practice 2.0 Scholarship I Continues Student Pharmacist Professionalism Continues Foundations I 1.0 IPPE I: Community I 1.0 Semester Total17.0 Slide 9 Course Title Course Credit Pharmacokinetics*2.0 Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics II2.5 Pharmacognosy2.0 Clinical Chemistry for the Pharmacist 2.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module I: Intro to Medicinal Chemistry 1.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module II: Introduction to Pharmacology 1.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module III: Intro to Special Populations 1.0 Self-care, Alternative and Complementary Treatments* 3.0 The U.S. Health Care System2.5 Managing Professional Patient-centered Practice 1.0 Scholarship I 1.0 Student Pharmacist Professionalism Continues Foundations II 1.0 IPPE II: Community II 1.0 Semester Total21.0 Slide 10 Course TitleCourse Credit Evidence Based Pharmacy II: Research Methods & Statistics 2.5 Evidence Based Pharmacy III: Literature Evaluation 2.0 Biotechnology, Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics 2.0 Pharmacy Informatics1.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module IV: Cardiovascular4.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module V: Endocrinology2.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module VI: Neurology I3.0 Scholarship IIContinues Student Pharmacist ProfessionalismContinues Foundations III1.0 IPPE III: HospitalContinues Semester Total19.0 Slide 11 Course TitleCourse Credit Applied Pharmacokinetics2.0 Pharmacoeconomics2.0 Epidemiology & Pharmacy Practice2.0 Patient Medication Safety2.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module VII: Neurology II1.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module VIII: Psychiatry3.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module IX: Respiratory/Immunology 3.0 Electives2.0 Scholarship II2.0 Student Pharmacist ProfessionalismContinues Foundations IV1.0 IPPE III: Hospital1.0 Semester Total21 Slide 12 Course Title Course Credit Pharmacy Practice Management I - Community Practice 4.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module X: Infectious Diseases 4.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module XI: Hematology/Oncology 2.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module XII: Nephrology/Urology 2.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module XIII: Dermatology/EENT 1.5 Electives 2.0 - 3.0 Scholarship IIIContinue s Student Pharmacist ProfessionalismContinue s Foundations V 1.0 IPPE IV: Clinical Patient CareContinue s Semester Total18.0 - 19.0 Slide 13 Course TitleCourse Credit Pharmacy Practice Management II - Institutional Practice2.0 Clinical Therapeutics Module XIV: Gastrointestinal/Nutrition2.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module XV: Women's Health/Bone, Joint 2.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module XVI:Toxicology/Critical Care1.5 Clinical Therapeutics Module XVII: Special Populations1.0 Pharmacy Law3.0 Electives2.0 - 3.0 Scholarship III2.0 Student Pharmacist ProfessionalismContinues Foundations VI1.0 IPPE IV: Clinical Patient Care1.0 Semester Total18.5 - 19.5 Slide 14 Acute Care APPE10.0 Hospital Pharmacy APPE5.0 Geriatrics APPE5.0 Primary Ambulatory Care APPE5.0 Elective I APPE5.0 Elective II APPE5.0 Advanced Community Practice APPE5.0 Student Pharmacist Professionalism1.0 Annual Total41.0 Slide 15 Pre-pharmacy Pharmacy School 4 years Some programs pre-pharmacy & pharmacy work is combined Residency Supervised practice Specific field of practice Fellowship Slide 16 Governmental Oversight Federal & State laws Voluntary Oversight Accreditation of training programs E.g. ASHP accreditation of residency programs Certification Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties (BPS) Certified Geriatric Pharmacist (CGP) Certified Anticoagulation Care Provider (CACP) Slide 17 Drug-Use Process Manufacture Distribution Prescribing Preparation Storing Dispensing Administering Monitoring Reviewing of drugs and their use Pharmacists help patients make the best use of their medications Slide 18 Community pharmacy Institutional pharmacy Long-term care pharmacy Managed care, home care, and mail- service pharmacy Pharmacy academia Other careers Industry Government Associations Others Slide 19 The profession of pharmacy has evolved Pharmaceutical care the functions performed by a pharmacist in ensuring the optimal use of medications to achieve specific outcomes that improve a patients quality of life; further, the pharmacist accepts responsibility for outcomes and ensue from his or her actions, which occur in collaboration with patients and other health- care colleagues Slide 20 There is a need to move even more rapidly to re- deploy pharmacists from medication order fulfillment to patient care. This will require: Supporting payment mechanism Provider status for pharmacists under Medicare Commitment to obtaining and maintaining the knowledge, skills, and abilities required by increased patient care demands Fully embracing the tenets of pharmaceutical care Programs in order to grow the total size of the profession Knapp DA. AJPE 2002 Slide 21 Pharmacists: Help patients make the best use of their medications Receive rigorous education & training Practice in a variety of settings Are licensed to protect the public from harm Are caregivers, clinicians, advisors, teachers, and life-long learners William N Kelly 2004