briefing folder on ethiopiabriefing folder on ethiopia status determination and protection...

BRIEFING FOLDER ON BRIEFING FOLDER ON ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA STATUS DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) STATUS DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.refworld.org E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.refworld.org January 2010

http://www.%20refworld.org/

Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services

Table of Contents

CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................3 A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION....................................................................................4

A.1 General Information; Country Profile; Maps ................................................... 4 a. Country Profile ................................................................................................. 4 b. Maps ................................................................................................................. 6 c. Language .......................................................................................................... 7

A.2. Political and Security Situation ........................................................................ 7 A.3. Human Rights Situation (in General) ............................................................... 9

B. LEGAL CONTEXT.....................................................................................................11 B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness ................................... 11 B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems ............................................................... 11 B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties................................................................ 12 B.4. Internal Security; Police; Armed Forces ........................................................ 13

C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................14 C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers ....................................................................... 14 C.2. Internally Displaced Persons .......................................................................... 15 C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities............................................................. 15 C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children.................................. 17 C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group .......................................................... 19 C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights ........................................................................ 20 C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief.......................................................................... 24 C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression: Media Issues............................................. 26 C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit .............................. 27 C.10. Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion ..................................... 28 C.11. Exclusion .......................................................................................................... 28

D. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................29 D.1. Early Warning; Conflict Prevention............................................................... 29 D.2. Education; Food; Health; Employment; Social Rights................................... 29 D.3. Migration; Mixed Flows, Secondary Movement............................................ 32 D.4. Miscellaneous ................................................................................................. 33 D.5. Suggested Websites; Further Reading............................................................ 33

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CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS

LATEST COUNTRY POSITIONS: - Applicability of the “Ceased Circumstances” Cessation Clauses to Pre-1991 Refugees

From Ethiopia, 23 September 1999 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=416574504

LATEST COUNTRY OPERATIONS PLAN (COP): - Country Operations Plan – Ethiopia: 2008, 1 September 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/471624960.html LATEST OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTS: - UNHCR Global Appeal 2010-2011 – Ethiopia, 1 December 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4b02cb7b9.html - UNHCR Global Report 2008 - Ethiopia, 1 June 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4a2d232b2.html

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http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=416574504http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/471624960.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/4b02cb7b9.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/4a2d232b2.html


A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

A.1 General Information; Country Profile; Maps

a. Country Profile A.1.1 US Department of State, Bureau of African Affairs, Background Note: Ethiopia,

December 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm

A.1.2 Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, Ethiopia, 30 November 2009 URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html

A.1.3 Reuters AlertNet, Crisis Briefing: Ethiopia Ogaden Crisis, 19 October 2009 URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/ET_OGA.htm

A.1.4 Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat065.pdf

A.1.5 Reuters AlertNet, Country Profile Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/cp/ethiopia.htm

A.1.6 Institute for Security Studies, Country File: Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=14&slink_id=3913&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3

A.1.7 Business Anti-Corruption Portal, Ethiopia Country Profile, (accessed on) 23

September 2009 URL:http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/snapshot/

A.1.8 Horn of Africa Political Scene (HOA), Ethiopia Country Profile, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://www.hoa-politicalscene.com/ethiopia-country-profile.html

A.1.9 UN Data, World Statistics Pocketbook, Country Profile: Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Ethiopia

A.1.10 University of California African Studies Center, Ethiopia Country Profile, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/countries/article.asp?parentid=96739

A.1.11 UN Economic Commission for Africa, Ethiopia Country Integration Profile, 23 September 2009 URL: http://knowledge.uneca.org/member-states/observatory-on-regional-integration/african-countries-profiles/ethiopia/

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http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htmhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.htmlhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/ET_OGA.htmhttp://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat065.pdfhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/cp/ethiopia.htmhttp://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=14&slink_id=3913&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=14&slink_id=3913&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/snapshot/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/snapshot/http://www.hoa-politicalscene.com/ethiopia-country-profile.htmlhttp://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Ethiopiahttp://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/countries/article.asp?parentid=96739http://knowledge.uneca.org/member-states/observatory-on-regional-integration/african-countries-profiles/ethiopia/http://knowledge.uneca.org/member-states/observatory-on-regional-integration/african-countries-profiles/ethiopia/


A.1.12 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Ethiopia: Country

Profile, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://www.unodc.org/kenya/en/country_profile_ethi.html

A.1.13 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2007/2008 Human Development Report Country Fact-Sheet: Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL: http://origin-hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_ETH.html

A.1.14 The Fund for Peace, Failed States Index 2009 - Ethiopia Country Profile, 28 August 2009 URL: http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=417& Itemid=581

A.1.15 BBC News, Timeline - Ethiopia A chronology of key events, 12 August 2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1072219.stm

A.1.16 BBC News, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 12 August 2009

URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm A.1.17 UK Home Office, Country of Origin Information Key Documents, 10 August

2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a8cfef02.html

A.1.18 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), ICRC Annual Report 2008 - Ethiopia, 27 May 2009 URL: http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/annual-report-2008-ethiopia/$File/icrc_ ar_08_ethiopia.pdf

A.1.19 The Guardian, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 21 April 2009 URL: http://www.guardian.co.uk/country-profile/ethiopia

A.1.20 The World Bank, Data Profile for Ethiopia, April 2009 URL: http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=1&REPORT_ID =9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED&HF=N&WSP=N

A.1.21 The World Bank, Country Brief: Ethiopia, April 2009 URL: http://go.worldbank.org/WA1RL12OL0

A.1.22 Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, National Documentation Package, 20

March 2009 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/index_e.htm?id=955

A.1.23 The Economist – Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile 2009 – Ethiopia, February 2009 URL: http://store.eiu.com/country/ET.html

A.1.24 UNESCO, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Statistics in Brief: General Profile Ethiopia, 2009

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http://www.unodc.org/kenya/en/country_profile_ethi.htmlhttp://origin-hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_ETH.htmlhttp://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=417&Itemid=581http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=417&Itemid=581http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1072219.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a8cfef02.htmlhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/annual-report-2008-ethiopia/$File/icrc_ar_08_ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/annual-report-2008-ethiopia/$File/icrc_ar_08_ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/country-profile/ethiopiahttp://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=1&REPORT_ID=9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED&HF=N&WSP=Nhttp://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=1&REPORT_ID=9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED&HF=N&WSP=Nhttp://go.worldbank.org/WA1RL12OL0http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/index_e.htm?id=955http://store.eiu.com/country/ET.html


URL: http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=147&IF_Langua ge=eng&BR_Country=2300&BR_Region=40540

A.1.25 The Africa Report, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 21 November 2008

URL: http://www.theafricareport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3278 601:country-profile-ethiopia&catid=42:east-africa&Itemid=79

A.1.26 UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 17 April 2008 URL: http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia

A.1.27 Reuters AlertNet, Crisis Briefing: Ethiopia-Eritrea Border, 6 March 2008

URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/EE_BOR.htm A.1.28 Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Humanitarian Country

Profile, (last updated) February 2007 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=ET&RegionCode=HOA

A.1.29 US Library of Congress, Country Profile: Ethiopia, April 2005 URL: http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdf

b. Maps A.1.30 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Map of IDPs

and Refugees in Central and East Africa: September 2009, 15 October 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8115112.html

A.1.31 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Maps of ICRC operations in

Ethiopia 2009, 26 September 2009 URL: http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/map_ethiopia/$File/ethiopia_app_ 2009.png

A.1.32 US Agency for International Development (USAID), USG Humanitarian Assistance to Ethiopia, 12 June 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1BD57565CC9464B685257 5D30071DBE3/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.33 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Horn of Africa Crisis (as of Feb 2009), 11 May 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EC8270C0846521BFC12575B7 002E5F3A/$File/rw_FFS_hoa0904.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.34 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Conflicts in Central and East Africa, 9 February 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/9D000282AEED6E67C125755A 0033165A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.35 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Ethiopia Hotspot Map, 5 February 2009

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http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=147&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=2300&BR_Region=40540http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=147&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=2300&BR_Region=40540http://www.theafricareport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3278601:country-profile-ethiopia&catid=42:east-africa&Itemid=79http://www.theafricareport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3278601:country-profile-ethiopia&catid=42:east-africa&Itemid=79http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopiahttp://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/EE_BOR.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=ET&RegionCode=HOAhttp://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8115112.htmlhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/map_ethiopia/$File/ethiopia_app_2009.pnghttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/map_ethiopia/$File/ethiopia_app_2009.pnghttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1BD57565CC9464B6852575D30071DBE3/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1BD57565CC9464B6852575D30071DBE3/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EC8270C0846521BFC12575B7002E5F3A/$File/rw_FFS_hoa0904.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EC8270C0846521BFC12575B7002E5F3A/$File/rw_FFS_hoa0904.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/9D000282AEED6E67C125755A0033165A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/9D000282AEED6E67C125755A0033165A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement


URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ACF28B9148C424AE852575A 5006CA570/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.36 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Internal Displacement in Ethiopia Map, 30 October 2007 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/288F444569 5A1635C125738400386B52/$file/Eth_IDMC_Oct07.gif

A.1.37 UNHCR, Ethiopia General Map - September 2006, 31 August 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4541b7164.html

A.1.38 UNHCR, Ethiopia Eritrea border, 2 December 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/441688250.pdf

c. Language A.1.39 Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), Ethnologue: Languages of Ethiopia, Sixteenth edition, 2009

URL: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ET

A.1.40 A.1.39 Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), Ethnologue: Language Map - Southwestern Ethiopia, Sixteenth edition, 2009 URL: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=20

A.1.41 A.1.39 Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), Ethnologue: Language Map - Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, Sixteenth edition, 2009 URL: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=10

A.2. Political and Security Situation A.2.1. Inter Press Service News Agency, Ethnic Federalism Could Lead to Election

Violence, 21 September 2009 URL: http://allafrica.com/stories/200909210863.html

A.2.2. Reuters AlertNet, Ethiopia PM: ethnic violence claim is contemptible, 17

September 2009 URL: http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LH073442.htm

A.2.3. The East Africa, Violent Eruption' Brewing May Spill Into EA, 14 September 2009 URL: http://allafrica.com/stories/200909140850.html

A.2.4. International Crisis Group (ICG), Ethiopia: Ethnic Federalism and Its Discontents, 4 September 2009 URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1

A.2.5. The Associated Press, Ethiopia and Eritrea settle dispute, New York Times, 19 August 2009 URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/world/africa/19briefs-Ethiopia.html

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http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ACF28B9148C424AE852575A5006CA570/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ACF28B9148C424AE852575A5006CA570/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/288F4445695A1635C125738400386B52/$file/Eth_IDMC_Oct07.gifhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/288F4445695A1635C125738400386B52/$file/Eth_IDMC_Oct07.gifhttp://www.unhcr.org/4541b7164.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/441688250.pdfhttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=EThttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=20http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=10http://allafrica.com/stories/200909210863.htmlhttp://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LH073442.htmhttp://allafrica.com/stories/200909140850.htmlhttp://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/world/africa/19briefs-Ethiopia.html


A.2.6. BBC News, Eritrea to pay Ethiopia millions, 18 August 2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8208285.stm

A.2.7. US Department of State, Advancing Freedom and Democracy Reports: Ethiopia, May 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/afdr/2009/af/122826.htm

A.2.8. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia: Giving peace a chance in South Omo, 21 May 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84479

A.2.9. US Department of State, U.S. Department of State Country Reports on Terrorism 2008 – Africa Overview, 30 April 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2008/122412.htm

A.2.10. Reuters AlertNet, Eritrea rejects mediation on Ethiopia border row, 21 February 2009 URL: http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LL589491.htm

A.2.11. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia-Somalia: Ethiopian troops leave parts of Mogadishu,13 January 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82337

A.2.12. The New York Times (NYT), Ethiopians Withdraw From Key Bases, 13 January 2009 URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/14/world/africa/14somalia.html

A.2.13. UN News Centre, Final border report on Ethiopia-Eritrea dispute sent to Security Council, 13 October 2008 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28548&Cr=ethiopia&Cr1=eritrea

A.2.14. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia-Eritrea: Urgent need for dialogue after departure of UNMEE, says analyst, 1 August 2008 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=79573

A.2.15. BBC News, Eritrea allays fears over new war, 31 July 2008

URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7534623.stm

A.2.16. UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1827 (2008) [on termination of the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)], 30 July 2008, S/RES/1827 (2008), 30 July 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4891d36a2.html

A.2.17. International Crisis Group (ICG), Beyond the Fragile Peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea: Averting New War, 17 June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4857dc6f2.html

A.2.18. The Independent, Former Ethiopian dictator Mengistu sentenced to death, 27 May 2008

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8208285.stmhttp://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/afdr/2009/af/122826.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84479http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2008/122412.htmhttp://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LL589491.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82337http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/14/world/africa/14somalia.htmlhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28548&Cr=ethiopia&Cr1=eritreahttp://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=79573http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7534623.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4891d36a2.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4857dc6f2.html


URL: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/former-ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-sentenced-to-death-834594.html

A.2.19. BBC News, UN fears new Ethiopia-Eritrea war, 11 April 2008 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7341833.stm

A.2.20. UN Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on the United

Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2008/226, 7 April 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47ff86ea2.html

A.3. Human Rights Situation (in General) A.3.1. Human Rights Watch, World Report 2010 – Ethiopia, 20 January 2010

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b586cf328.html A.3.2. UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), Consideration of reports submitted by

States parties under article 40 of the Covenant: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights : 1st periodic report of States parties: Ethiopia, 22 October 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b2600e12.html

A.3.3. Landmine Monitor, 2008 Report: Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009

URL: http://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?act=submit&pqs_year=2008&pqs_type =lm&pqs_report=ethiopia&pqs_section=

A.3.4. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Report on the Implementation of

the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment - An Initial, Extended Report, 28 July 2009 URL: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/CAT.C.ETH.1_en.pdf

A.3.5. Freedom House, Freedom in the world 2009 – Ethiopia, 16 July 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a6452bac.html

A.3.6. Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Amend Draft Terror Law - Proposed

Counterterrorism Legislation Violates Human Rights, 30 June 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/ethiopia-amend-draft-terror-law

A.3.7. Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2009 – Ethiopia, 27 May 2009 URL: http://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/ethiopia

A.3.8. Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions in 2008, March 2009 URL: http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/annual_report/DeathSentencesExecutions2008.pdf

A.3.9. US Department of State, 2008 Reports on Human Rights Practice: Ethiopia, 25 February 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119001.htm

A.3.10. Human Rights Watch, New Law Ratchets up Repression, 8 January 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/08/ethiopia-new-law-ratchets-repression

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http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/former-ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-sentenced-to-death-834594.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/former-ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-sentenced-to-death-834594.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7341833.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47ff86ea2.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b586cf328.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b2600e12.htmlhttp://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?act=submit&pqs_year=2008&pqs_type=lm&pqs_report=ethiopia&pqs_section=http://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?act=submit&pqs_year=2008&pqs_type=lm&pqs_report=ethiopia&pqs_section=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/CAT.C.ETH.1_en.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a6452bac.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/ethiopia-amend-draft-terror-lawhttp://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/ethiopiahttp://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/annual_report/DeathSentencesExecutions2008.pdfhttp://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119001.htmhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/08/ethiopia-new-law-ratchets-repression


A.3.11. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia: New law on

charities passed despite objections, 6 January 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=82223

A.3.12. The Protection Project, Human Rights Report Ethiopia (International Framework For The Elimination Of Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children), 2008 URL: http://www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/ethiopia.doc

A.3.13. Human Rights Watch, The House Committee on Foreign Affairs “The human rights and humanitarian situation in the Horn of Africa, 3 October 2007 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-77N37S?OpenDocument

A.3.14. US Department of State, Ethiopia and the state of democracy: Effects on human rights and humanitarian conditions in the Ogaden and Somalia, 2 October 2007 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EKOI-77M2JG?OpenDocument

A.3.15. US Department of State, U.S. Department of State 2007 Trafficking in Persons

Report - Ethiopia, 12 June 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467be3b0c

A.3.16. Amnesty International, Horn of Africa: Unlawful Transfers in the 'War on

Terror', 25 May 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=465bf317a8

A.3.17. Amnesty International, Ethiopia: Prisoners of conscience on trial for treason: opposition party leaders, human rights defenders and journalists, May 2007 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/013/2006

A.3.18. World Organisation Against Torture, Ethiopia: The Situation of Human Rights Defenders From Bad to Worse, 22 December 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46af4d2b0

A.3.19. Human Rights Watch, Suppressing Dissent. Human rights abuses and political repression in Ethiopia's Oromiya region, 10 May 2005 URL: http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdf

A.3.20. World Organisation Against Torture, Ethiopia: Human Rights Defenders under Pressure, April 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c190620

10

http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=82223http://www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/ethiopia.dochttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-77N37S?OpenDocumenthttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EKOI-77M2JG?OpenDocumenthttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467be3b0chttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=465bf317a8http://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/013/2006http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46af4d2b0http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c190620


B. LEGAL CONTEXT

B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness B.1.1 The International Observatory on Statelessness, Global Survey on Statelessness

Ethiopia, 24 September 2009 URL: http://www.nationalityforall.org/ethiopia

B.1.2 Southwick, Katherine, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Statelessness and state succession, Forced Migration Review, Issue 32, April 2009 URL: http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR32/FMR32.pdf

B.1.3 Refugees International, Nationality Rights for All: A Progress Report and Global Survey on Statelessness, March 2009 URL: http://www.refintl.org/sites/default/files/RI%20Stateless%20Report_FINAL_031109.pdf

B.1.4 Refugees International, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Stalemate takes Toll on Eritreans and Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin, 30 May 2008 URL: http://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/ethiopia-eritrea-stalemate-takes-toll-eritreans-and-ethiopians-eritrean-origin

B.1.5 Thomas, Louise, Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Mixed Eritrean and

Ethiopian Familities in Cairo, The Son of a snake is a Snake, FMRS Working Paper No.7, June 2006 URL: http://www.aucegypt.edu/ResearchatAUC/rc/cmrs/reports/Documents/Mixedfamilies.pdf

B.1.6 Proclamation on Ethiopian Nationality, No. 378 of 2003, 23 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/409100414.html

B.1.7 Human Rights Watch, The Horn of Africa War: Mass Expulsions and the Nationality Issue, 30 January 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f4f59523.html

B.1.8 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 21 August 1995 URL: http://www.ethiopianembassy.org/constitution.pdf

B.1.9 Ethiopian Nationality Law of 1930, 22 July 1930 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b52ac.html

B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems B.2.1. Committee to Protect Journalists, Annual Prison Census 2009: Ethiopia, 8

December 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b220ca028.html

B.2.2. The Sudan Tribune, Ethiopia endorses anti-terrorism law unchanged, 9 July 2009

URL: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31755

11

http://www.nationalityforall.org/ethiopiahttp://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR32/FMR32.pdfhttp://www.refintl.org/sites/default/files/RI%20Stateless%20Report_FINAL_031109.pdfhttp://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/ethiopia-eritrea-stalemate-takes-toll-eritreans-and-ethiopians-eritrean-originhttp://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/ethiopia-eritrea-stalemate-takes-toll-eritreans-and-ethiopians-eritrean-originhttp://www.aucegypt.edu/ResearchatAUC/rc/cmrs/reports/Documents/Mixedfamilies.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/409100414.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f4f59523.htmlhttp://www.ethiopianembassy.org/constitution.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b52ac.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b220ca028.htmlhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31755


B.2.3. Amnesty International, Ethiopia; New anti-terrorism proclamation jeopardizes freedom of expression, 7 July 2009 URL:http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-new-anti-terrorism-proclama tion-jeopardizes-freedom-expression-

B.2.4. Human Rights Watch, An Analysis of Ethiopia’s Draft Anti-Terrorism Law, 30

June 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti-terrorism-law#_ Expansion

B.2.5. The Global Integrity Report, Ethiopia: Integrity Scorecard Report – Sub-

Category: Judicial Accountability, 2008 URL: http://report.globalintegrity.org/Ethiopia/2008/scorecard/44/print

B.2.6. CNN, Ethiopia Carries out rare execution, 6 August 2007 URL: http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/08/06/ethiopia.execution.reut/index.html? sectionz=cnn_latest

B.2.7. UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and political rights, including questions of torture and detention: Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 19 November 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77b10.html

B.2.8. The World Bank, Ethiopia: Legal and Judicial Sector Assessment, 2004

URL: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTINST/Resources/EthiopiaSA.pdf

B.2.9. UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and political rights, including questions of torture and detention: Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 24 January 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77ae0.html

B.2.10. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on

Maikelawi [also Maekelawi/Ma'ekelawi] Prison; and on Central Prison and Woyane Prison, 27 November 2002 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f51f5364.html

B.2.11. US Library of Congress, Ethiopia: A Country Study – Judicial System, 1991 URL: http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.html

B.2.12. Penal Code (provisions relating to “Military Offences and Offences Against the

Armed Forces and the Police Forces”)- Proclamation No. 158 of 1957, 23 July 1957 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3bb078484.html

B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties B.3.1. Refugee Documentation Centre (Ireland), Ethiopia: Was the Ethiopian army

involved in violence during the 2005 elections?, 2 December 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f6828d.html

12

http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-new-anti-terrorism-proclamation-jeopardizes-freedom-expression-http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-new-anti-terrorism-proclamation-jeopardizes-freedom-expression-http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti-terrorism-law#_Expansionhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti-terrorism-law#_Expansionhttp://report.globalintegrity.org/Ethiopia/2008/scorecard/44/printhttp://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/08/06/ethiopia.execution.reut/index.html?section=cnn_latesthttp://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/08/06/ethiopia.execution.reut/index.html?section=cnn_latesthttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77b10.htmlhttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTINST/Resources/EthiopiaSA.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77ae0.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f51f5364.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3bb078484.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f6828d.html


B.3.2. International Crisis Group, Ethiopia: Ethnic Federalism and Its Discontents, 4 September 2009 URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1

B.3.3. Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Repression sets stage for non-competitive

elections, 11 April 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/04/09/ethiopia-repression-sets-stage-non-competitive-elections

B.3.4. Freedom House, Countries at the Crossroads 2007 – Ethiopia, 25 September

2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4738692464.html

B.3.5. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, List of affiliates belonging to the All

Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) in Ethiopia; whether certain North American organizations are authorized to verify and confirm membership in the AAPO, 22 February 2007 URL:http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450931

B.3.6. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP); whether the EPRP is banned from carrying out its activities; recent role and activities of the EPRP within Ethiopia, especially in the context of the 2005 elections; whether members of the EPRP are arrested or harassed by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Forces (EPRDF) (2004 - 2006), 7 November 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102062e

B.3.7. Human Rights Watch, Suppressing Dissent, Human Rights Abuses and Political

Repression in Ethiopia’s Oromia Region, 9 May 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd090.html

B.4. Internal Security; Police; Armed Forces B.4.1. Human Rights Watch, UK: Ethiopian ‘Assurances’ No Guarantee Against

Torture, 17 September 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no-guarantee-against-torture

B.4.2. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia: Giving peace a chance in South Omo, 21 May 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=84479

B.4.3. BBC News, Ethiopia ONLF rebels 'seize town', 9 March 2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7932972.stm

B.4.4. Garowe Online, 25 killed in Ethiopia as government troops and Somali rebels fight, 8 March 2009 URL: http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Africa_22/25_killed_in_Ethiopia_as_govt _troops_Somalia_rebels_fight.shtml

13

http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/04/09/ethiopia-repression-sets-stage-non-competitive-electionshttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/04/09/ethiopia-repression-sets-stage-non-competitive-electionshttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4738692464.htmlhttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450931http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102062ehttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd090.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no-guarantee-against-torturehttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no-guarantee-against-torturehttp://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=84479http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7932972.stmhttp://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Africa_22/25_killed_in_Ethiopia_as_govt_troops_Somalia_rebels_fight.shtmlhttp://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Africa_22/25_killed_in_Ethiopia_as_govt_troops_Somalia_rebels_fight.shtml


B.4.5. BBC News, Thousands flee Ethiopia clashes, 26 February 2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stm

B.4.6. Sudan Tribune, Ethiopia: Oromo oppositions accuse intelligence service, federal police of "defamation", 2 December 2008 URL: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article29463

B.4.7. African Rally for Peace and Development (ARPD), Baseline Study for Mapping

Violent Conflicts in Ethiopia, November 2008 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F1D70F091 38C38B5C125760E00401F9C/$file/Conflict-Study-Ethiopia.pdf

B.4.8. Voice of America, In Somalia, Presence of Ethiopian Troops Fuels Insurgency, Humanitarian Crisis, 19 December 2007 URL: http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-12-19-voa1.cfm

B.4.9. The New York Times, In Ethiopia, Fear and Cries of Army Brutality, 18 June 2007 URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/18/world/africa/18ethiopia.html

B.4.10. BBC News, Ethiopian protesters 'massacred', 19 October 2006 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6064638.stm

B.4.11. Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Investigate Torture by Police - Ministers' Failure to Investigate, Prosecute Makes Them Accomplices, 18 March 2004 URL: http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/18/ethiop8131.htm

C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS

C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers

C.1.1 US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants World Refugee Survey 2009 - Ethiopia, 19 June 2009 URL: http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/index.php?title=Ethiopia

C.1.2 UNHCR, Ethiopia: Somali refugees being moved to a new camp, 3 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/49d5db8b6.html

C.1.3 Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia-Somalia: Drought, fighting worsens situation of "Ogaden refugees", 12 August 2008 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79775

C.1.4 UNHCR, Ethiopia: Two camps close after successful repatriation to South Sudan, 6 May 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/482054634.html

C.1.5 UNHCR, Ethiopia-Sudan repatriation resumes with convoy of 610 people, 17 December 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/print?tbl=NEWS&id=476696814

14

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stmhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article29463http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F1D70F09138C38B5C125760E00401F9C/$file/Conflict-Study-Ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F1D70F09138C38B5C125760E00401F9C/$file/Conflict-Study-Ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.voanews.com/english/2007-12-19-voa1.cfmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/18/world/africa/18ethiopia.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6064638.stmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/18/ethiop8131.htmhttp://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://www.unhcr.org/49d5db8b6.htmlhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79775http://www.unhcr.org/482054634.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/print?tbl=NEWS&id=476696814


C.1.6 Reuters AlertNet, Ethiopia sees highest Eritrean refugee influx, 14 December

2007 URL: http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L14534808.htm

C.2. Internally Displaced Persons C.2.1 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Ethiopia: Human rights violations and

conflicts continue to cause displacement - A profile of the internal displacement situation, 3 September 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4aa0e1472.html

C.2.2 BBC News, Thousands flee Ethiopia clashes, 26 February 2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stm

C.2.3 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Ethiopia: Addressing the rights and needs of people displaced by conflict, 30 October 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4727112f2.html

C.2.4 ZOA Refugee Care, Report of the assessment on the situation of Internally Displaced Persons in Gambella region, 3 October 2006 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABC F6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOAIDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.doc

C.2.5 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Ethiopia: Government Recognition of Conflict IDPs Crucial to Addressing their Plight. A Profile of the Internal Displacement Situation, 26 April 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4455beb64

C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities

C.3.1 Refugee Documentation Centre (Ireland), Ethiopia: Any information on an

attempted coup in Ethiopia in May 2009. Who was involved? Any army personnel?, 1 December 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f68280.html

C.3.2 Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI), Treatment of members of

the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), including members of their family, HCR00006E, 6 July 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.html

C.3.3 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: Government must reveal fate of political prisoners, 5 May 2009 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-government-must-reveal-fate-political-prisoners-20090505+

15

http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L14534808.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4aa0e1472.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4727112f2.htmlhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABCF6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOA-IDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.dochttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABCF6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOA-IDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.dochttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABCF6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOA-IDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.dochttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4455beb64http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f68280.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.htmlhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-government-must-reveal-fate-political-prisoners-20090505+http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-government-must-reveal-fate-political-prisoners-20090505+


C.3.4 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Treatment of relatives of members of opposition parties, especially the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) (2006 - 2007), 4 January 2008 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699e

C.3.5 The Independent, Ethiopian protesters may face execution,10 July 2007 URL: http://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2750442.ece

C.3.6 Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Crackdown in East Punishes Civilians, 4 July

2007 URL: http://www.hrw.org/legacy/english/docs/2007/07/02/ethiop16327_txt.htm

C.3.7 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Treatment of political dissidents by government authorities, specifically student and human rights activists (2005 - 2006), 2 March 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,469cd6b12,0.html

C.3.8 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: Fear of torture or ill-treatment/ incommunicado detention, 02 February 2007 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/002/2007

C.3.9 BBC News, Mengistu is handed life sentence, 11 January 2007 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6251095.stm

C.3.10 BBC News, Profile: Mengistu Haile Mariam, 12 December 2006 URL:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6171927.stm

C.3.11 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Treatment of relatives of Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) members or relatives of other opposition party members (2005 - 2006), 16 March 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699e

C.3.12 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, The treatment of ethnic Amharas and the treatment of members, leaders, and activists of the All Ethiopian Unity Party (AEUP) (2002 - 2006), 26 January 2006

URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth100913e

C.3.13 BBC News, Lawyers denied in Ethiopia Case, 28 December 2005 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4564994.stm

C.3.14 BBC News, Ethiopia prisoners’ hunger strike, 28 November 2005

URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4477414.stm

C.3.15 BBC News, High stakes in Ethiopia stand-off, 23 June 2005 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4122350.stm

C.3.16 Human Rights Watch, Suppressing Dissent Human Rights Abuses and Political Repression in Ethiopia's Oromia Region, 10 May 2005 URL: http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdf

C.3.17 Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Political Dissent Quashed - Election Observers Should Not Fail to Recognize Effects of Systematic Repression, 10 May 2005

16

http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699ehttp://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2750442.ecehttp://www.hrw.org/legacy/english/docs/2007/07/02/ethiop16327_txt.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,469cd6b12,0.htmlhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/002/2007http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6251095.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6171927.stmhttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699ehttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth100913ehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4564994.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4477414.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4122350.stmhttp://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdf


URL: http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/05/10/ethiop10590.htm

C.3.18 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: The 15 May 2005 elections and human rights - recommendations to the government, election observers and political parties, 29 April 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42ae98270

C.3.19 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: An organization called Mecha Tulema, including its objectives, structure and status; the treatment of its leaders and members by the current government (1990-Sept. 2004), 23 September 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,42df60e520,0.html

C.3.20 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Treatment of Oromos and Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), 9 April 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.html

C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children C.4.1. United Nations Population Fund, Shelter from the Storm: Escaping from Gender

Violence in Ethiopia, 7 December 2009 URL: http://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/4522;jsessionid=06AAEC60C40 542878F4232027BA3EF74

C.4.2. Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), Gender Equality and social Institutions in Ethiopia, 25 September 2009 URL: http://genderindex.org/country/ethiopia

C.4.3. UNICEF, African women parliamentarians condemn female genital mutilation, 14 September 2009 URL: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_51122.html

C.4.4. The Times, Ethiopia's orphans face life of hardship, 4 April 2009 URL: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article6032044.ece C.4.5. Sexual Rights Initiative, Report on Ethiopia Submitted to the Universal Periodic

Review of Ethiopia - Sixth Round (2009), 2009 URL: http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/ET/SRI_ETH_UPR_S06

_2009.pdf

C.4.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia: Children at greatest risk among Afar's drought-displaced, 2 December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4938f31d1e.html

C.4.7. IRIN News, Ethiopia: New initiative against FGM/C, 1 December 2008 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81753 C.4.8. UN News Service, Situation worsening for Horn of Africa's children, warns UN

agency, 5 September 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48cfa30619.html

17

http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/05/10/ethiop10590.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42ae98270http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,42df60e520,0.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.htmlhttp://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/4522;jsessionid=06AAEC60C40542878F4232027BA3EF74http://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/4522;jsessionid=06AAEC60C40542878F4232027BA3EF74http://genderindex.org/country/ethiopiahttp://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_51122.htmlhttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article6032044.ecehttp://www.ein.org.uk/members/country/full.shtml?x=265916http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country/full.shtml?x=265916http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/ET/SRI_ETH_UPR_S06_2009.pdfhttp://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/ET/SRI_ETH_UPR_S06_2009.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4938f31d1e.htmlhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81753http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48cfa30619.html


C.4.9. UK Home Office, Country of Origin Information Report – Female Genital

Mutilation (FGM), 20 June 2008 URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/africa-fgm-080708.doc

C.4.10. Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 - Ethiopia, 20 May 2008

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486cb0fec.html C.4.11. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Female Genital

Mutilation in Ethiopia Report, November 2007 URL: http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-fgm-countries-ethiopia.pdf

C.4.12. Pathfinder International, Women’s Empowerment in Ethiopia; New solutions to ancient problems, September 2007

URL: http://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/PI_WE_paper_final.pdf?docID=10202 C.4.13. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Protection services and

legal recourse available to women who are victims of domestic violence (2005 - 2006), 20 February 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec =450890

C.4.14. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations, Ethiopia, 1 November 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=45c30bd60

C.4.15. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child for Ethiopia’s Third Periodic Report, 29 September 2006 URL: http://www.crin.org/docs/CO_Ethiopia_43.pdf

C.4.16. Lutheran World Service on behalf of Oromo Human Rights and Relief Association, A statement on the Rights of the Child in Ethiopia, 11 September 2006 URL: http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_LWF-OHRRA_NGO_Report.doc

C.4.17. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, Briefing - Ethiopia, 1 May 2006 URL: http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_GI_NGO_report.doc

C.4.18. Child Helpline International, Recommendations to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Ethiopia, 1 April 2006 URL: http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_CHI_NGO_report.doc

C.4.19. The Female Genital Cutting Education and Networking Project, Ethiopia: U.S. female mutilation case fuels hot debate in Africa, 2006 URL: http://www.fgmnetwork.org/gonews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162656028&archive =&start_from=&ucat=1&

18

http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/africa-fgm-080708.dochttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486cb0fec.htmlhttp://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-fgm-countries-ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/PI_WE_paper_final.pdf?docID=10202http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450890http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450890http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=45c30bd60http://www.crin.org/docs/CO_Ethiopia_43.pdfhttp://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_LWF-OHRRA_NGO_Report.dochttp://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_GI_NGO_report.dochttp://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_CHI_NGO_report.dochttp://www.fgmnetwork.org/gonews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162656028&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&http://www.fgmnetwork.org/gonews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162656028&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&


C.4.20. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence Against Women, Ethiopia, 2005 URL: http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/fact_sheets/eth/en/ index.html

C.4.21. Mulugeta Tefera, E., The Invincible Invisibles: Ethiopian Women in Conflict and

Peacemaking, January 2005 URL: http://www.peacewomen.org/resources/Ethiopia_Eritrea/ethiopiaeritreaindex.html

C.4.22. UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: State Party Report, Ethiopia, 28 October 2002 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3f6ac3bc5

C.4.23. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Information on civilians, particularly in Addis Ababa, who have been forced by the government under penalty of imprisonment to recruit children (under 18 years of age) at gunpoint to serve in the military, and to shoot those who refuse (1997-2001), 16 October 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be310.html

C.4.24. World Organisation Against Torture, Rights of the Child in Ethiopia, 1 January 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c1905e0

C.4.25. UN Development Fund for Women, Women's Land and Property Rights in Situations of Conflict and Reconstruction, 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46cadad90

C.4.26. UN Development Found for Women, Ending Discriminatory Laws Against Women in Ethiopia, 24 November 2000 URL: http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/voices_from_the_field/story.php?StoryID=230

C.4.27. Government of Ethiopia, Women’s Affairs Office in the Prime Minister Office, National Report on the Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action, February 2000 URL: www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/Review/responses/ETHIOPIA-English.pdf

C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group C.5.1. Network for Education and Academic Rights, Ethiopian Teachers Association

Activists Arrested Again, 23 June 2007 URL: http://www.nearinternational.org/alert-detail.asp?alertid=81

C.5.2. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Legislation and legal protection available to homosexuals and their treatment by society and government authorities (2005 - January 2007), 20 February 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d6544e28.html

C.5.3. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on Civil Administrators that Served Under the Mengistu Regime, 10 January 2000 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6a94

19

http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/fact_sheets/eth/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/fact_sheets/eth/en/index.htmlhttp://www.peacewomen.org/resources/Ethiopia_Eritrea/ethiopiaeritreaindex.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3f6ac3bc5http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be310.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c1905e0http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46cadad90http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/voices_from_the_field/story.php?StoryID=230http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/Review/responses/ETHIOPIA-English.pdfhttp://www.nearinternational.org/alert-detail.asp?alertid=81http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c01abf2http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d6544e28.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c01abf2http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6a94


C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights a. General C.6.1. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), Consideration of

reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Ethiopia, 7 September 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4abc820f3.html

C.6.2. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination: reports of States parties due in 2007: Ethiopia, 11 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a07ee232.html

C.6.3. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Ethiopia:

Consideration of reports submitted by states parties under article 9 of the convention; Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 31 August 2008 URL: http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1253102524_cerd-c-eth-co-15.doc

C.6.4. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: information provided by the Government of Ethiopia on the implementation of the concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 3 June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4885cf9e3.html

C.6.5. Minority Rights Group International, Ethiopia Overview, June 2008 URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/3928/ethiopia/ethiopia-overview.html

C.6.6. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), UN

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Concluding Observations, Ethiopia, 20 June 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467bcd292

C.6.7. UN Human Rights Council, UN Human Rights Council: Addendum to the Report of the Independent Expert on Minority Issues, Gay McDougall, Mission to Ethiopia (28 November-12 December 2006), 28 February 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=461f9ea82

C.6.8. Human Rights Watch, Targeting the Anuak, 24 March 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd082.html C.6.9. Agence France-Presse (AFP), Up to 70 killed in ethnic clashes in western

Ethiopia, 10 February 2004 URL: http://wwww.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/16da57d4a5c7f5a985256e36 005f1be3

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http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4abc820f3.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a07ee232.htmlhttp://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1253102524_cerd-c-eth-co-15.dochttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4885cf9e3.htmlhttp://www.minorityrights.org/3928/ethiopia/ethiopia-overview.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467bcd292http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=461f9ea82http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd082.htmlhttp://wwww.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/16da57d4a5c7f5a985256e36005f1be3http://wwww.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/16da57d4a5c7f5a985256e36005f1be3


C.6.10. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Eritrea & Ethiopia: Large-

Scale Expulsions of Population Groups and Other Human Rights Violations in connection With the Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict, 1998-2000, 1 January 2002 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3de25c7f4

C.6.11. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Ethiopia's Peoples, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0058)

C.6.12. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Ethnic Groups, Ethnicity, and Language, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0059)

C.6.13. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Ethio-Semitic Language Groups, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0060)

C.6.14. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Cushitic Language Groups, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0061)

C.6.15. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Omotic Language Groups, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0062)

C.6.16. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Nilo-Saharan Language Groups, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0063)

C.6.17. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Occupational Castes, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0064)

C.6.18. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Ethnic and Social Relations, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0065)

C.6.19. Africa Guide, Ethiopia People & Culture URL: http://www.africaguide.com/country/ethiopia/culture.htm

b. Anuak C.6.20. The International Human Rights Law Clinic Washington College of Law,

Shadow Report – The Anuak of Gambella, Ethiopia, March 2007 URL: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/IHRLC.pdf

C.6.21. Human Rights Watch, Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes against Humanity in Ethiopia’s Gambella Region, 24 March 2005 URL: http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0305/ethiopia0305.pdf

C.6.22. Organisation Mondiale contre la Torture (OMCT), Ethiopia and Sudan: "From today forward there will be no Anuak" - The attempted elimination of the Anuak people, 13 April 2004

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http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3de25c7f4http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0058)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0059)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0060)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0061)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0062)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0063)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0064)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0065)http://www.africaguide.com/country/ethiopia/culture.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/IHRLC.pdfhttp://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0305/ethiopia0305.pdf


URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/f6d950d0b4f145fd49256e 760005bbce

C.6.23. BBC News, Ethiopia ‘faces new rebellion’, 12 February 2004 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3483531.stm

c. Oromo C.6.24. Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI), Treatment of members of

the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), including members of their family, 6 July 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.html

C.6.25. Oromia Online, The Oromo People and acts of genocide against them, 2005 URL: http://www.oromia.org/genocide-1.htm

C.6.26. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia: Rights organisation condemns arrests of Oromo students, 3 March 2004 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=48843

C.6.27. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Oromo in Ethiopia, 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38871c

C.6.28. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Oromo in Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a793b

C.6.29. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on the Oromo Ethnic Group, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), and the Oromo People's Democratic Organization (OPDO) , 18 April 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3decdfcf4

C.6.30. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Treatment of Oromos and Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), 9 April 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.html

C.6.31. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Ethiopia: Oromo armed groups oppose conflict with Eritrea, 21 November 2000 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=1432

d. Tigreans C.6.32. BBC News, Tigrayans want end to border row, 20 December 2007


C.6.33. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Tigreans in Ethiopia, 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38881d

C.6.34. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Tigreans in Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7b1c

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http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/f6d950d0b4f145fd49256e760005bbcehttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/f6d950d0b4f145fd49256e760005bbcehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3483531.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.htmlhttp://www.oromia.org/genocide-1.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=48843http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38871chttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a793bhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3decdfcf4http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.htmlhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=1432http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7148096.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38881dhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7b1c


C.6.35. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Information on the Tigrean Alliance for National Democracy (TAND), its structure, membership, activities, objectives, and on its treatment by the Tigrean People's Liberation Front (TPLF), 1 September 1996 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac2938.html

e. Kunama C.6.36. Refugees International, Forgotten People: The Kunama of Eritrea and

Ethiopia,18 February 2004 URL: http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/939/

f. Amhara C.6.37. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: List of affiliates belonging

to the All Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) in Ethiopia; whether certain North American organizations are authorized to verify and confirm membership in the AAPO, 22 February 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46fa5387c.html

C.6.38. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Update to ETH24418.E of 24 June 1996 on the procedure for joining the All Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) and whether the All Amhara People's Cultural and Relief Organization in Toronto (AAPCRO) still verifies claims of AAPO membership and issues membership letters, 3 June 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/41501c0723.html

C.6.39. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Amhara in Ethiopia, 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3887a

C.6.40. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Amhara in Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a786d

C.6.41. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia Status of Amharas, 1 March 1993 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6077

g. Somalis C.6.42. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Somalis in Ethiopia, 2004

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3888b

C.6.43. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Somalis in Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7a1e

C.6.44. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Treatment of ethnic Somalis in Ethiopia, 9 April 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f24.html

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http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac2938.htmlhttp://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/939/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46fa5387c.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/41501c0723.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3887ahttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a786dhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6077http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3888bhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7a1ehttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f24.html


C.6.45. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 1) Persecution of the Issa tribe in Ethiopia; 2) Persecution of ethnic Somalis by the Ethiopian population in northern Ethiopia, 1 February 1990 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac7672.html

h. Afars C.6.46. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Afars in Ethiopia, 2004

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38863af

C.6.47. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Afars in Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7824

i. Other Groups C.6.48. Refugees International, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Stalemate Takes Toll on Eritreans and

Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin, 30 May 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48453d7d2.html

C.6.49. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Treatment of Eritreans by Ethiopian government authorities (2005 - 2006), 16 February 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102021e

C.6.50. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on

the Treatment of Persons of Eritrean Origin in Ethiopia Since the Signing of the Algiers Peace Accord in December 2000, 30 May 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece0d34

C.6.51. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on the Hadiya ethnic group, 10 January 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece1ea4

C.6.52. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on the possible arrest and deportation of Ethiopian-citizen spouses and dependants of "ethnic Eritreans”, 20 October 2000 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dee061d4

C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief C.7.1 Jerusalem Post, Sharansky pushes for Falash Mura aliya, 26 November 2009,

URL: http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1259010984778&pagename=JPost%2FJP Article%2FShowFull

C.7.2 US Department of State, 2009 Report on International Religious Freedom -

Ethiopia, 26 October 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8614150.html

C.7.3 Compass News Direct, Convert Languishing in Jail in Ethiopia for Handing Out

Bibles, 15 September 2009 URL: http://www.compassdirect.org/english/country/ethiopia/9340/

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http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac7672.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38863afhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7824http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48453d7d2.htmlhttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102021ehttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece0d34http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece1ea4http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dee061d4http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1259010984778&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFullhttp://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1259010984778&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFullhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8614150.htmlhttp://www.compassdirect.org/english/country/ethiopia/9340/


C.7.4 BBC, Two shot at Ethiopia church site, 1 July 2009

URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8129220.stm C.7.5 International Christian Concern, Ethiopian Christians tolerance, Ethiopian

islamic Jihad, 07 July 2007 URL: http://www.persecution.org/suffering/newsdetail.php?newscode=5555

C.7.6 One News Now, Ethiopian Christian evangelist beaten to death in Muslim

mosque, 2 April 2007 URL: http://www.onenewsnow.com/2007/04/ethiopian_christian_evangelist.php

C.7.7 Reuters, Squalor and shrinking hope for Ethiopian Jews, 28 March 2007

URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL27265224 C.7.8 Institute of Security Studies, Ethiopia: End of the Falasha Migration?, 7 March

2007 URL: http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=5&slink_id=4182&link_type=12&slink_type =12&tmpl_id=3

C.7.9 International Christian Concern, Ethiopia: Country Statistics, 24 May 2004

URL: http://www.persecution.org/suffering/countryinfodetail.php?countrycode=9 C.7.10 BBC News, Ethiopia's Jews: The last exodus, 23 June 1999


C.7.11 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Religious Life, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0071)

C.7.12 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Demography and

Geography of Religious Affiliation, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0072)

C.7.13 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Ethiopian Orthodox

Christianity, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0073)

C.7.14 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Organization of the Church

and the Clergy, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0074)

C.7.15 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Faith and Practice

(orthodox Christianity), 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0075)

C.7.16 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Islam, 1991

URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0076) C.7.17 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Local Character of Belief

and Practice (Muslims), 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0077)

25

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8129220.stmhttp://www.persecution.org/suffering/newsdetail.php?newscode=5555http://www.onenewsnow.com/2007/04/ethiopian_christian_evangelist.phphttp://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL27265224http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=5&slink_id=4182&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=5&slink_id=4182&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.persecution.org/suffering/countryinfodetail.php?countrycode=9http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/376225.stmhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0071)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0072)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0073)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0074)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0075)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0076)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0077)


C.7.18 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Indigenous Religions, 1991 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0078)

C.7.19 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Foreign Missions, 1991

URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0079) C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression: Media Issues

C.8.1 Reporters Without Borders, Weekly forced to stop publishing, its journalists flee

abroad, 4 December 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1e0dc61a.html

C.8.2 BBC News, Country Profile – Media, 25 September 2009

URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm#media

C.8.3 Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Two journalists get one-year jail terms under obsolete law, 4 September 2009 URL: http://www.rsf.org/Two-journalists-get-one-year-jail.html

C.8.4 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: New Anti-Terrorism Proclamation jeopardizes freedom of expression, 7 July 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a55b29f5.html

C.8.5 Freedom House, Freedom of the Press 2009 - Ethiopia, 1 May 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b27421628.html

C.8.6 Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 2008 - Ethiopia section,

10 February 2009 URL: http://cpj.org/2009/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2008-ethiopia.php

C.8.7 Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Annual Report 2008 – Ethiopia, 7 February 2008 URL: http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=25387&Valider=OK

C.8.8 Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Seven journalists flee country following

release from prison; two radio signals jammed; issuing of publishing licences needlessly delayed, 4 December 2007 URL: http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/88160

C.8.9 Article 19, The Draft Ethiopian Proclamation to Provide for the Freedom of the

Press, 1 May 2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b20

C.8.10 Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Stop Harassing Journalists’ Group, 13 February

2004 URL: http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/13/ethiop7347.htm

C.8.11 Article 19, The Legal Framework for Freedom of Expression in Ethiopia, 1

March 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b00

26

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0078)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0079)http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1e0dc61a.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm#mediahttp://www.rsf.org/Two-journalists-get-one-year-jail.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a55b29f5.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b27421628.htmlhttp://cpj.org/2009/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2008-ethiopia.phphttp://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=25387&Valider=OKhttp://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/88160http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b20http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/13/ethiop7347.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b00


C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit C.9.1. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Ethiopia: ICRC deplores

expulsion from Somali Regional State, 26 July 2007 URL: http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/ethiopia-news-260707

C.9.2. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Possibility of repatriation of Ethiopian and Eritrean civilians to their homelands (2006), 20 February 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=zzz102027e

C.9.3. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Whether deportations of Ethiopians still occur (November 2005), 7 December 2005 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eri100843e

C.9.4. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Whether the Ethiopian government would renew the expired passport of, or issue a new passport to, somebody (a) who holds an Ethiopian passport that expired in 1999; (b) whose expired Ethiopian passport had been renewed abroad in 1997; (c) who was born in Asmara; and, (d) who did not vote in the 1993 referendum, 18 May 2004 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth42692e

C.9.5. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Whether Ethiopian citizens of Eritrean descent who were expelled from Ethiopia during the war with Eritrea or who left involuntarily to avoid expulsion, can return to Ethiopia; whether their confiscated properties are restored to them or whether they receive compensation, 26 September 2002 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f7d4d922a.html

C.9.6. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Eritrea/Ethiopia: Update to ETH35052.E of 22 September 2000 on repatriation from Eritrea to Ethiopia and vice versa, and whether persons who were deported from Eritrea to Ethiopia and vice versa, because of their ethnicity, during the border war (May 1998/June 2000) can repatriate and live normal lives, 27 February 2002 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4bed818.html

C.9.7. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Ethiopia: Information on kebelle (kebele) control of the population in Ethiopia; and freedom to travel for Ethiopians of Eritrean origin or heritage, 10 January 2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece8307

C.9.8. Issuance of Travel Documents and Visas Regulations 1971, 23 April 1971 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4de14

C.9.9. Proclamation regulating the Issuance of Travel Documents and Visas, and Registration of Foreigners in Ethiopia, No. 271 of 1969, 22 August 1969 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4e48

27

http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/ethiopia-news-260707http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=zzz102027ehttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eri100843ehttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth42692ehttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f7d4d922a.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4bed818.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece8307http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4de14http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4e48


C.10. Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion C.10.1 Human Rights Watch, Collective Punishment – Forced Recruitment of Pro-

Government Militias, 11 June 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62175/section/15

C.10.2 CIA World Factbook, Ethiopia – Military, 13 December 2007 URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html#Military C.10.3 War Resister’s International (WRI), Somalia and Ethiopia: forced recruitment

and conscription for war, 1 January 2007 URL: http://www.wri-irg.org/node/1001

C.10.4 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Whether Ethiopia sent deserters from the Eritrean armed forces to the United States on Ethiopian travel documents during or after the 1998 border war (1998-2004), 6 April 2005

URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth43485e C.10.5 US Library of Congress, Country Profile: Ethiopia – National Security, April

2005 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdf

C.10.6 War Resisters’ International, Country reports and updates: Ethiopia, 17 August 1998 URL: http://www.wri-irg.org/programmes/world_survey/country_report/en/Ethiopia

C.10.7 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: Information on whether armed opposition organizations practise forced recruitment, especially the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in Addis Ababa (update to ETH14308.E of 15 July 1993), 1 February 1998 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac6138.html

C.11. Exclusion C.11.1 Human Rights Watch, UN: Atrocities Fuel Worsening Crisis in Horn of Africa -

UN Security Council Should Press Ethiopia and Somalia to Put an End to Abuses, 3 D