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Brief Introduction to UNEP funded Project:
Converting Waste Agricultural
Biomass into Energy/Resource
in Sanghar Pakistan
Brief Introduction to UNEP funded ProjectBrief Introduction to UNEP funded Project::
Converting Waste AgriculturalConverting Waste Agricultural
Biomass into Energy/ResourceBiomass into Energy/Resource
inin SangharSanghar PakistanPakistan
By: Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar
Email:[email protected]
By:By: Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux MaharProf. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
2612622 666 OOHCOHCO Sunlight 2612622 666 OOHCOHCO Sunlight
WASTE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS(WAB)
WASTE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASSWASTE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS(WAB)(WAB)
WABWABWAB
Field ResidueField ResidueField Residue Process ResidueProcess ResidueProcess Residue
Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin WasteCotton Gin WasteBajra StalksBajraBajra StalksStalks
•• DISTRICT SANGHARDISTRICT SANGHAR
•• One of the largest districts ofOne of the largest districts ofSindhSindh
•• located in the centre of Sindh andlocated in the centre of Sindh andis bounded to the east by India.is bounded to the east by India.
•• Its primary industry is agriculture.Its primary industry is agriculture.
STUDY AREASTUDY AREASTUDY AREA
•• 6 TALUKAS of DISTRICT SANGHAR6 TALUKAS of DISTRICT SANGHAR
Area and Population of District Sangharby Taulka
Area and Population of District SangharArea and Population of District Sangharby Taulkaby Taulka
S# Name of talukaArea
(Acre)
No of
Dehs
Union
Councils
Population
by census
1998
Growth
rate
Population
in 2010
1 Sanghar 590782 69 11 262050 362459
2 Sinjhoro 217070 88 8 196849 272275
3 Shahdadpur 108377 47 13 327408 452860
4 Tando Adam 107688 28 10 255941 354009
5 Jam Nawaz Ali 115021 51 4 88908 122975
6 Khipro 1300766 78 13 321874 445206
Total 2439704 361 59 1453030 2009784
2.74%
ROAD MAPROAD MAPROAD MAP
DesigningQuestionnaire
DataAnalysis
ResultsFiled & Process
Residue
Field Survey
AcquiringCrop DataCultivated
In SANGHAR
EstimatingQuantity of
WAB
ResultsOf Quantity
Of WAB
Status ofResidues
SelectingSamples
Preparationof Samples
Density,TGA,
Calorimetric,CHNOSAnalysis
Results OfCharacteristics
Of WAB
FIELD SURVEY OF DISTRICT SANGHARFIELD SURVEY OF DISTRICT SANGHARFIELD SURVEY OF DISTRICT SANGHAR
•• 55 Questionnaires were DesignedQuestionnaires were Designed
1.1. Field ResidueField Residue
2.2. Rice MillsRice Mills
3.3. Wood MillsWood Mills
4.4. Poultry FormsPoultry Forms
5.5. Brick KilnsBrick Kilns
Summary of the Field SurveySummary of the Field SurveySummary of the Field Survey
22No of bricks kilns surveyed
60No of poultry forms surveyed
80No of wood Mills surveyed
39No of Rice Mills surveyed
1180No of interviews conducted from farmers
59No of Union Councils
6No of taulka of District Sanghar
NoSummary of the Field Survey
Current WAB Management StatusCurrent WAB Management StatusCurrent WAB Management Status
43%
14%
57%43%
Utilized Disposed off Avaliable at Cost
355Available at Cost
1089Disposed off
1444Available for Energy
1089UTILIZED
2533Total WAB
kilo-tonsWAB
Taluka-wise Quantity of WABTalukaTaluka--wise Quantity of WABwise Quantity of WAB
•• Quantity of WAB per Year =Quantity of WAB per Year = AACAAC CYCY YRRYRR((monsmons))
•• wherewhere
•• AACAAC = Annual Area Cultivated (acres)= Annual Area Cultivated (acres)
•• CYCY = Crop= Crop YeildYeild ((monsmons/acre)/acre)
•• YRRYRR = Yield to Residue Ratio= Yield to Residue Ratio
Total quantity of WAB in districtSanghar (tones)
Total quantity of WAB in districtTotal quantity of WAB in districtSangharSanghar (tones)(tones)
2533087469247188176313375536193594378431719TOTAL
8692717772092488142821046191415Banana Plant9
1500814987342176262026655315Canola Straw8
23062424330271969128191763365Rice Husk7
507379335666043332817201887403Rice Straw6
12387010888868722917191092886933400SugarcaneBaggase5
252795222201772846770389975891768163SugarcaneTops4
640411432651525750141821431910313Cotton GinWaste3
1423129318356114480127779315145318193229177Cotton Stalks2
49351886603296155286611383313743373168Wheat Straw1
TOTALKhiproJam
NawazAli
TandoAdam
Shahdad-pur
SinjhoroSanghar
Taulka
WAB type
SNo
Total Quantity = 2533 kiloTotal Quantity = 2533 kilo--tonstons
Characterization the WABCharacterization the WABCharacterization the WAB
Samples of WAB selected for the analysisSamples of WAB selected for the analysisSamples of WAB selected for the analysis
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesCotton GinCotton Gin
WasteWaste011011
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesWheat StrawWheat Straw010010
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops009009
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSaw DustSaw Dust008008
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesRice StrawRice Straw007007
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesRice HuskRice Husk006006
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesMaize CobMaize Cob005005
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesCotton StalksCotton Stalks004004
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesCanolaCanola003003
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesBaggaseBaggase002002
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesBanana PlantBanana Plant001001
CHNOSCHNOSAnalysisAnalysis
BombBombCalorimetricCalorimetricAnalysisAnalysis
ThermoThermogravimetricgravimetric
AnalysisAnalysis
DensityDensityAnalysisAnalysis
Name of SampleName of SampleS NoS No
PREPRATION OF THE SAMPLE FORANALYSIS
PREPRATION OF THE SAMPLE FORPREPRATION OF THE SAMPLE FORANALYSISANALYSIS
Partially Crushed Samples for (DA)Partially Crushed Samples for (DA)Partially Crushed Samples for (DA)
Baggase
BananaCanola
Saw DustWheat Straw
Sugarcane TopsRice Straw
Rice HuskCotton Stalks
Maize CobCotton GinWaste
1111SamplesSamples
Results of density AnalysisResults of density AnalysisResults of density Analysis
0.3110.31123.023.07.1607.160Wheat strawWheat straw1111
0.9980.9987.57.57.4847.484Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops1010
0.8000.8009.09.07.2037.203Saw DustSaw Dust99
0.6740.67411.011.07.4177.417Rice StrawRice Straw88
0.9430.9437.57.57.0697.069Rice huskRice husk77
0.9040.9048.08.07.2337.233Maize CobMaize Cob66
0.9470.9478.08.07.5757.575Cotton StalksCotton Stalks55
0.3190.31924.024.07.6457.645CottonCotton JiningJining WasteWaste44
0.2680.26828.028.07.4997.499CanolaCanola33
0.2560.25628.028.07.1617.161BananaBanana22
0.2880.28825.025.07.2057.205BaggaseBaggase11
DensityDensity(g/cm(g/cm33))
Volume (ml)Volume (ml)Mass (g)Mass (g)Name of SampleName of SampleS NoS No
TGA result of baggase sample
ll
l l l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l
6.25min105.00°C95.54%
32.46min550.00°C24.13%
35.70min593.65°C7.868%
36.88min550.00°C5.315%
0
20
40
60
80
100
We
igh
t(%
)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature (°C)
Sample: baggase_ sanghar-02Size: 23.6410 mgMethod: ARS-CRA-baggase-02
DSC-TGAFile: C:\TA\Data\SDT\ARS-baggase -02.001Operator: Memon SaeedRun Date: 2009-10-26 11:00Instrument: SDT Q600 V8.0 Build 95
Universal V4.1D TA Instruments
MoistureMoisture
AshAsh
Organic MatterOrganic Matter
Results of TGA Analysis for WABResults of TGA Analysis for WABResults of TGA Analysis for WAB
20.77320.77374.67974.67958.07358.0734.5484.548Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin Waste(70% seed + 30%(70% seed + 30%cotton)cotton)
1111
14.63514.63581.04081.04061.34561.3454.3254.325Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010
13.61513.61583.95583.95564.81064.8102.4302.430Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99
6.3046.30486.02286.02263.72063.7207.6757.675Saw DustSaw Dust88
18.74518.74577.93077.93060.19560.1953.3253.325Rice StrawRice Straw77
20.58020.58074.62074.62058.44058.4404.8004.800Rice HuskRice Husk66
6.7256.72588.69588.69568.68068.6804.5804.580Maize CobMaize Cob55
9.9799.97985.17185.17160.45560.4554.8504.850Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44
9.5389.53881.37781.37762.40062.4009.0859.085CanolaCanola33
4.7214.72192.16592.16573.08573.0853.1153.115BaggaseBaggase22
16.70516.70577.33077.33058.95558.9555.9655.965Banana PlantBanana Plant11
Ash (%)Ash (%)Organic (%)Organic (%)Volatile atVolatile at550 C550 C(%)(%)
MoistureMoisture(%)(%)
Name of SampleName of SampleSSNNoo
Results of Calorimetric AnalysisResults of Calorimetric AnalysisResults of Calorimetric Analysis
32683268
The Higher Calorific Value of the Cotton Ginning WasteThe Higher Calorific Value of the Cotton Ginning Wastewas calculated on the basis of percentages of the seed &was calculated on the basis of percentages of the seed &waste cotton, which were determined experimentally.waste cotton, which were determined experimentally.
Cotton GinningCotton GinningWaste (70% seed +Waste (70% seed +30% cotton)30% cotton)1313
355135511.4121.4121.4021.4021.4721.4720.020.020.060.060.960.96Cotton GinningCotton GinningWaste (cotton)Waste (cotton)1212
314731471.2811.2811.2811.2811.3811.3810.090.090.10.111Cotton GinningCotton GinningWaste (seed)Waste (seed)1111
344334431.4121.4121.4371.4371.5621.5620.1450.1450.1500.1500.9900.990Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010
363936391.5271.5271.5221.5221.6521.6520.1000.1000.1250.1251.0001.000Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99
365936591.3541.3541.7481.7481.8731.8730.3990.3990.5190.5190.9000.900Saw DustSaw Dust88
334933491.3321.3321.4801.4801.5621.5620.1000.1000.2300.2300.9700.970Rice StrawRice Straw77
341834181.1261.1261.2901.2901.3511.3510.0800.0800.2250.2250.8300.830Rice HuskRice Husk66
379237921.3951.3951.9741.9742.0342.0340.5990.5990.6390.6390.8900.890Maize CobMaize Cob55
364936491.5141.5142.2622.2622.2732.2730.6440.6440.7590.7590.9900.990Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44
352535251.3821.3821.5001.5001.5521.5520.1500.1500.1700.1700.9500.950CanolaCanola33
391039101.6041.6042.1432.1432.2332.2330.4690.4690.6290.6290.9700.970BaggaseBaggase22
320132011.1001.1001.1001.1001.1901.1900.0300.0300.0900.0900.8700.870Banana PlantBanana Plant11
HCVHCV(kcal/kg)(kcal/kg)
TDTDT4T4T3T3T2T2T1T1MsMsName of SampleName of SampleSS
NoNo
Results of CHNOS AnalysisResults of CHNOS AnalysisResults of CHNOS Analysis
27.4727.470.600.601.701.705.065.0639.8739.87Cotton Ginning WasteCotton Ginning Waste1111
33.8033.800.240.240.830.835.345.3440.8340.83Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010
40.0340.030.140.140.150.153.723.7239.9239.92Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99
35.1635.160.120.120.410.415.945.9444.3944.39Saw DustSaw Dust88
35.3535.350.220.221.011.014.964.9636.3936.39Rice StrawRice Straw77
30.3030.300.220.221.701.705.555.5536.8536.85Rice HuskRice Husk66
36.7236.720.090.091.041.046.166.1644.6944.69Maize CobMaize Cob55
36.2036.200.420.420.080.085.635.6342.8442.84Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44
35.2735.270.930.930.200.205.325.3239.6639.66CanolaCanola33
41.7941.790.000.000.180.185.545.5444.6544.65BaggaseBaggase22
33.1833.180.100.100.390.395.355.3538.3138.31Banana PlantBanana Plant11
OOSSNNHHCCName of SampleName of SampleSS
NoNo
CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ENERGY/ PRODUCTCONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ENERGY/ PRODUCTCONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ENERGY/ PRODUCT
SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGY
(EST)
SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGYSELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGY
(EST)(EST)
The selection of EST is governed by followingThe selection of EST is governed by followingfactors.factors.
•• Feedstock availableFeedstock available
•• Characteristics of feed stockCharacteristics of feed stock
•• End applicationEnd application
•• Cost of feedstockCost of feedstock
•• Cost of technologyCost of technology
•• Environmental SoundEnvironmental Sound
Selection of Biomass Transformation ProcessSelection of Biomass Transformation Process
WasteAgricultural
Biomass
Dry
Pre-TreatedBiomass
Wet
ElectricityOR Heat
Gas Fuel Gasification
Feedstock Property Energy Type
Liquid/Gas Fuel Methane Fermentation
Recommended Process
Steam
Hot WaterBiomass Boiler
Electricity
AND Heat
Electricity
AND Heat
Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST) For WABCandidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST) For WABCandidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST) For WAB
TechnologyStatus
End use applicationsConversionprocess
Technology
Dual fuel and100% gasengine basedgasifiesavailablecommercially
Power generation:10kW -1 MWe. (SINGLEUNIT BASIS)Thermal applications insmall industries up to 3MWth.
Thermo-chemicalprocess whichconverts biomassinto producer gas
Gasification
Crop Residue based/Dung-based plantscommonly beingbuilt to produce biogas.
Cooking in households,Motive Power andElectricity generationALSO OrganicFertilizer
Bio-methanationprocess whichconverts biomassinto biogas
Biogas
From Stove to powerplant boilers of widerange
Cooking in households,Industrial heating,Electricity generation
(steam),
Densification ofbiomass byMechanical Force,then its combustionto get heat energy.
Pallet ofWAB
Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST)For WAB
Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST)Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST)For WABFor WAB
•• Gasification TechnologyGasification Technology
•• Energy potentialEnergy potential
•• Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic Digestion
•• Methane generation potentialMethane generation potential
Energy potential of WABEnergy potential of WAB
TALUKATALUKA--WISE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF WABWISE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF WAB
• Adopting estimated quantity of WAB, available
energy was worked out.1. SURPLUS RESIDUES
– (Sold by Farmer or Mill)
– wheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcane baggase, rice husk and
canola straw
2. DISPOSED OFF RESIDUES
– (Being Wasted Since Long)
– cotton stalks, sugarcane tops, Rice straw and banana plant
•• Adopting estimated quantity of WAB,Adopting estimated quantity of WAB, availableavailable
energyenergy was worked out.was worked out.1.1. SURPLUS RESIDUESSURPLUS RESIDUES
–– (Sold by Farmer or Mill)(Sold by Farmer or Mill)
–– wheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcanewheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcane baggasebaggase, rice husk and, rice husk and
canola strawcanola straw
2.2. DISPOSED OFF RESIDUESDISPOSED OFF RESIDUES
–– (Being Wasted Since Long)(Being Wasted Since Long)
–– cotton stalks, sugarcane tops, Rice straw and banana plantcotton stalks, sugarcane tops, Rice straw and banana plant
WHEREWHERETEETEE = Total Energy Equivalent,= Total Energy Equivalent, AEE = Available Energy EquivalentAEE = Available Energy EquivalentQPYQPY = Quantity of WAB per year (tons),= Quantity of WAB per year (tons), AF = Availability FactorAF = Availability FactorCVCV = Calorific value (kcal/kg),= Calorific value (kcal/kg),
TEE = QPYTEE = QPY CVCV (4.184(4.184 1010--66)) TJTJ
AEE = TEEAEE = TEE AFAF TJTJ
Energy Potential of WAB in District SangharEnergy Potential of WAB in DistrictEnergy Potential of WAB in District SangharSanghar
151151313115152323303033332020Pant Size (MW)Pant Size (MW)
11924291192429242505242505115469115469179742179742237883237883260580260580156250156250ElectricityElectricityGeneration (Generation (MWhMWh))
2146421464436543652078207832353235428242824690469028132813Available EnergyAvailable EnergyEquivalent (TJ)Equivalent (TJ)
3801838018705970592833283346534653802780278919891965286528Total EnergyTotal EnergyEquivalent (TJ)Equivalent (TJ)
TOTALTOTALKhiproKhiproJamJam
NawazNawazAliAli
TandoTandoAdamAdam
ShahdadShahdad--purpur
SinjhoroSinjhoroSangharSangharName of TalukaName of Taluka
Electricity Generation* (MWh) = AEE 0.2 277.778
Pant Size** (MW) = Electricity Generation330 24
* Considering 20% efficiency, (Frear et al, 2005)
** Considering 330 days of plant operation
Basics of Gasification TechnologyBasics of Gasification TechnologyBasics of Gasification Technology
Sulfur
CO2
Low TempGas Cooling
Shift Rx(option)
ParticulateScrubber
Texaco"Quench"Gasifier
Slag/Frit
Biomass
H2O
+
Air SeparationUnit
O2
Slurry
Acid Gas Removal
CO/H2
Fines/Char
What is IGCC
Flexibility for CO2Sequestration
(Concentrated Stream)
PRE-COMBUSTIONTreatment of Pollutants
Sulfur RecoveryClaus/Scot
•High pressure•Low Volume•Concentrated stream(easier to treat)
Air
Sulfur RecoveryClaus/Scot
Combustion Turbine
Compressed Air to ASU
HRSG
Steam Turbine
Electricity
ElectricityCO2
15
39396396393963961969819819698198Total Cost of Gasification PlantTotal Cost of Gasification Plant RsRs
3000000300000015000001500000Cost of Land & InfrastructureCost of Land & Infrastructure RsRs..
4199584419958420997922099792Transportation & Installation Cost 15% of TotalTransportation & Installation Cost 15% of Total RsRs
4199584419958420997922099792Taxes including custom duty 15% of TotalTaxes including custom duty 15% of Total RsRs
27997228279972281399861413998614Total Cost Plant inTotal Cost Plant in RsRs
337316337316168658168658Total Cost Plant in USDTotal Cost Plant in USD
1474931474937374773747Gas Fuel Generator Set in USDGas Fuel Generator Set in USD
22124221241106211062Water treatment system in USDWater treatment system in USD
50147501472507425074Biomass Fuel crusher, dryer and Conveyer in USDBiomass Fuel crusher, dryer and Conveyer in USD
1175521175525877658776Gasification Equipment in USDGasification Equipment in USD
400 KW400 KW200 KW200 KWCost Of Gasification PlantCost Of Gasification Plant
Pilot Scale Environment Sound TechnologyPilot Scale Environment Sound Technology
6.126.126.126.12Payback Period in yearsPayback Period in years
6436000643600032180003218000Net Profit per Year in RS.Net Profit per Year in RS.
20736000207360001036800010368000Total Income generated per year @ rate of Rs.8/kWhTotal Income generated per year @ rate of Rs.8/kWh IinIin RsRs..
2592000259200012960001296000Net Power Available in KWhNet Power Available in KWh
288000288000144000144000Auxiliary Power consumption in KWhAuxiliary Power consumption in KWh
2880000288000014400001440000Total Generation of power in kWh per YearTotal Generation of power in kWh per Year
IncomeIncome
143000001430000071500007150000Total Expenditure inTotal Expenditure in RsRs..
10000001000000500000500000Repair & Maintenance inRepair & Maintenance in RsRs..
2500000250000012500001250000Personnel cost inPersonnel cost in RsRs..
108000001080000054000005400000Total Cost of Biomass @ Rs.100/40kg inTotal Cost of Biomass @ Rs.100/40kg in RsRs..
4320432021602160Biomass Required/ Unit @ 1.5kg/kWh in tonsBiomass Required/ Unit @ 1.5kg/kWh in tons
Operation ExpenditureOperation Expenditure
Pilot Scale Environment Sound TechnologyPilot Scale Environment Sound Technology
38.3438.3418.3418.34Net amount required from districtNet amount required from districtGovernment in MillionGovernment in Million RsRs..
1.661.661.661.66Available amount from UNEP Project asAvailable amount from UNEP Project asseed money in Millionseed money in Million RsRs..
40402020Total Cost of the Gasification Power Plant inTotal Cost of the Gasification Power Plant inMillionMillion RsRs..
SummarySummary
Pilot Scale Environment Sound TechnologyPilot Scale Environment Sound Technology
ENVIRONMENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY(2ND OPTION METHANEPRODUCTION)
ENVIRONMENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY(2ENVIRONMENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY(2NDND OPTION METHANEOPTION METHANEPRODUCTION)PRODUCTION)
Methane Generation PotentialMethane Generation Potential
Methane Generation Potential From WABMethane Generation Potential From WABMethane Generation Potential From WAB
Assuming the equal gas generation as from the Rice StrawAssuming the equal gas generation as from the Rice Straw**
TQ = Total Quantity, TS = Total Solids, VS = Volatile SolidsTQ = Total Quantity, TS = Total Solids, VS = Volatile Solids
**146.10146.100.5840.584VSVS250250Rice huskRice husk99
[7][7]95.9295.920.6480.648VSVS148148Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops88
[7][7]343.50343.500.7310.731VSVS470470BaggaseBaggase77
[6][6]180.96180.960.6240.624VSVS290290Canola StrawCanola Straw66
[5][5]184.04184.040.6130.613VSVS300300Wheat strawWheat straw55
[4][4]150.49150.490.6020.602VSVS250250Rice StrawRice Straw44
[3][3]184.31184.310.9400.940TSTS196196Banana PlantBanana Plant33
[2][2]87.0087.001.0001.000TQTQ8787Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin Waste22
[1][1]65.0065.001.0001.000TQTQ6565Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11
RefRefNet MethaneNet Methane
(m3/ton)(m3/ton)
TQ/TS/VSTQ/TS/VSforfor
Sanghar'sSanghar'sWABWAB
On theOn theBasis ofBasis of
MethaneMethane(m3/ton)(m3/ton)
Crop ResidueCrop ResidueS#S#
Methane Generation Potential of District Sanghar in(km3)
Methane Generation Potential of DistrictMethane Generation Potential of District SangharSanghar inin(km(km33))
150605150605256342563412672126722615826158302883028835028350282082620826TOTALTOTAL
16021160213283283863868997899751995199851851261261Banana PlantBanana Plant99
27162716271271133133394394474474482482962962Canola StrawCanola Straw88
168516853103102212211441449494670670246246Rice HuskRice Husk77
583158311124112475275248948929729722792279891891Rice StrawRice Straw66
21272127187187149149394394328328496496574574SugarcaneSugarcane BaggaseBaggase55
2070620706170517051360136035893589299229924521452165386538Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops44
55725572124612464484485005001234123412461246897897Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin Waste33
48491484911345113451595359535814581410242102429307930737243724Cotton StalksCotton Stalks22
474564745670137013327032705838583894279427151751517567336733Wheat StrawWheat Straw11
TOTALTOTAL(km3)(km3)
KhiproKhiproJamJam
NawazNawazAliAli
TandoTandoAdamAdam
ShahdaShahdadpurdpur
SinjhorSinjhoroo
SanghaSangharr
SSNNoo
Methane Generation Potential from WAB in District SangharMethane Generation Potential from WAB in DistrictMethane Generation Potential from WAB in District SangharSanghar
73731212661313151517171010Pant Size (MW)Pant Size (MW)
581334581334989489894848914489141009691009691169101169101352061352068038680386
ElectricityElectricityGenerationGeneration((MWhMWh))
150605150605256342563412672126722615826158302883028835028350282082620826
AvailableAvailableMethaneMethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)
285438285438463724637219987199874122441224592565925668501685015009850098Total MethaneTotal MethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)
TOTALTOTALKhiproKhiproJamJam
NawazNawazAliAli
TandoTandoAdamAdam
ShahdaShahdadpurdpur
SinjhorSinjhoroo
SanghaSangharr
Name ofName of TalukaTaluka
Methane Generation Potential from Disposed offWAB in District Sanghar
Methane Generation Potential from Disposed offMethane Generation Potential from Disposed offWAB in DistrictWAB in District SangharSanghar
4444884499998866Pant Size (MW)Pant Size (MW)
351451351451641036410332619326197291072910723017230165458654584405944059ElectricityElectricity GenrationGenration
((MWhMWh))
91049910491660716607845184511888918889187311873116958169581141411414TOTALTOTAL
16021160213283283863868997899751995199851851261261Banana PlantBanana Plant44
583158311124112475275248948929729722792279891891Rice StrawRice Straw33
2070620706170517051360136035893589299229924521452165386538Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops22
48491484911345113451595359535814581410242102429307930737243724Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11
TOTALTOTAL(km3)(km3)
KhiproKhiproJamJam
NawazNawazAliAli
TandoTandoAdamAdam
ShahdadShahdadpurpur
SinjhoroSinjhoroSangharSangharSS
NoNo
Theoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHON
324
2
8
324
8
324
4
324
dNHCOdcba
CHdcba
OHdcba
NOHC dcba
Theoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHON
272.49272.491.6971.69727.46527.4655.0555.05539.86739.867Cotton Ginning WasteCotton Ginning Waste1111
249.79249.790.830.8333.833.85.345.3440.8340.83Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010
158.84158.840.150.1550.02550.0253.723.7239.9239.92Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99
262.52262.520.410.4135.16235.1625.945.9444.3944.39Saw DustSaw Dust88
222.29222.291.011.0135.3535.354.964.9636.3936.39Rice StrawRice Straw77
255.04255.041.71.730.330.35.555.5536.8536.85Rice HuskRice Husk66
254.33254.331.041.0436.71536.7156.166.1644.6944.69Maize CobMaize Cob55
251.57251.570.080.0836.20136.2015.635.6342.8442.84Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44
242.95242.950.20.235.26735.2675.325.3239.6639.66CanolaCanola33
228.21228.210.180.1841.79541.7955.545.5444.6544.65BaggaseBaggase22
249.46249.460.390.3933.1833.185.355.3538.3138.31Banana PlantBanana Plant11
MethaneMethane(m3/ton)(m3/ton)@ 50%@ 50%NNOOHHCCName of SampleName of Sample
SSNoNo
Energy Potential of WAB from Methane in DistrictSanghar (Theoretical)
Energy Potential of WAB from Methane in DistrictEnergy Potential of WAB from Methane in DistrictSangharSanghar (Theoretical)(Theoretical)
167167353516162525343436362020Pant Size (MW)Pant Size (MW)
13206111320611275747275747129044129044200243200243269235269235288237288237158107158107
ElectricityElectricityGenerationGeneration((MWhMWh))
342127342127714377143733431334315187651876697506975074673746734096040960
AvailableAvailableMethaneMethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)
60966260966211560511560545353453537374873748130763130763142854142854101339101339
Total MethaneTotal MethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)
TOTATOTALL
KhiproKhiproJamJam
NawazNawazAliAli
TandoTandoAdamAdam
ShahdShahdadpuradpur
SinjhoSinjhororo
SanghSangharar
Name ofName of TalukaTaluka
Energy Potential of Disposed off WAB from Methane inDistrict Sanghar (Theoretical)
Energy Potential of Disposed off WAB from Methane inEnergy Potential of Disposed off WAB from Methane inDistrictDistrict SangharSanghar (Theoretical)(Theoretical)
172172393918182828363633331818Pant Size (MW)Pant Size (MW)
13632321363232307947307947145503145503223428223428281397281397259535259535145422145422ElectricityElectricity
GenrationGenration ((MWhMWh))
353169353169797797977937695376955788357883729017290167237672373767437674TOTALTOTAL
303593035962162173173117048170489852985216131613494494Banana PlantBanana Plant44
12059120592324232415541554101110116146144712471218431843Rice StrawRice Straw33
48005480053953395331543154832183216938693810482104821515815158SugarcaneSugarcaneTopsTops22
262746262746728817288132256322563150331503554975549750430504302017920179Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11
TOTALTOTAL(km3)(km3)
KhiproKhiproJamJam
NawazNawazAliAli
TandoTandoAdamAdam
ShahdaShahdadpurdpur
SinjhoSinjhororo
SangharSangharSSNNoo
Technical characteristics for biogas plants byZORG
Technical characteristics for biogas plants byTechnical characteristics for biogas plants byZORGZORG
Characteristics Parameters Values
1Rawmaterial capacity(inlet)
tons/day 10 20 40 60 80 100 120
2 Biogasproduction m3/day* 2000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000
3Plant electricityconsumption
kW 12 20 40 55 70 85 100
4Plant heat powerconsumption
kW 40 80 120 160 220 300 350
5 Maintenancepersonnel operator 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 Arearequired hectares 0,20 0,25 0,35 0,45 0,50 0,65 0,80
7 Solidbio-fertilizer output tons/day 5 9 19 28 38 47 57
8Liquidbio-fertilizeroutput
m3/day 2 6 11 18 22 29 35
Price list for silage biogas plants by ZORGPrice list for silage biogas plantsPrice list for silage biogas plants by ZORGby ZORG
Price, EuroRaw material capacity(inlet) tons/day Project
documentationSupervision* Equipment Construction**
10 27.000 20.000 220.000 170.000
20 35.000 20.000 320.000 230.000
40 40.000 20.000 440.000 300.000
60 47.000 20.000 530.000 390.000
80 52.000 20.000 630.000 450.000
100 60.000 20.000 700.000 520.000
120 70.000 20.000 820.000 590.000
** -- includes contract supervision, startingincludes contract supervision, starting--up and adjustment, trainingup and adjustment, training* ** * -- construction part (concrete tanks) can be executed by the custoconstruction part (concrete tanks) can be executed by the customer under ZORGmer under ZORGdocumentation at price cost without any surchargesdocumentation at price cost without any surcharges
Energy in disposed off WABEnergy in disposed off WABEnergy in disposed off WAB
3,1783,178------------210080210080------------401916401916Sub TotalSub Total
626232013201461946191.001.0046194619Banana PlantBanana Plant44
2122123349334915141151410.750.752018820188Rice StrawRice Straw33
7187183639363947133471330.800.805891758917Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops22
21862186364936491431871431870.450.45318193318193Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11
Sin
jho
roS
injh
oro
2,0152,015------------132794132794------------306157306157Sub TotalSub Total
191932013201141514151.001.0014151415Banana PlantBanana Plant44
838333493349592359230.800.8074037403Rice StrawRice Straw33
103810383639363968163681631.001.006816368163Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops22
8758753649364957294572940.250.25229177229177Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11
Sa
ng
ha
rS
an
gh
ar
AvailableAvailableEnergyEnergy
EquivalentEquivalent(TJ/Year)(TJ/Year)
CalorificCalorificValueValue
(kcal/kg)(kcal/kg)
Disposed offDisposed offWABWAB
(tons/Year)(tons/Year)
AvalibliAvaliblityty
FactorFactor
Quantity perQuantity peryearyear
(tons/Year)(tons/Year)Name of CropName of Crop
SS##
Na
me
of
Na
me
of
Ta
luk
aT
alu
ka
SAVING ENERGY BY DISPOSED OFF WABSAVING ENERGY BY DISPOSED OFF WABSAVING ENERGY BY DISPOSED OFF WAB
16,38516,3851087,5581087,558
GRANDGRANDTOTALTOTAL
Available EnergyAvailable EnergyEquivalentEquivalent(TJ/Year)(TJ/Year)
Disposed off WAB (tons/Year)Disposed off WAB (tons/Year)
•• If we utilize the disposed off WAB, then we can save equivalentIf we utilize the disposed off WAB, then we can save equivalentenergy in terms of heat or electrical energy and environment inenergy in terms of heat or electrical energy and environment interms of air pollution.terms of air pollution.
•• 16,385 TJ16,385 TJ ofof WABWAB’’S ENERGYS ENERGY
•• = 1,070 kilo= 1,070 kilo--tonstons ofof FIRE WOODFIRE WOOD
–– ((by comparing to the calorific value of the saw dust.)by comparing to the calorific value of the saw dust.)
•• OROR 910,293,858910,293,858 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY (kWh)UNITS OF ELECTRICITY (kWh)
–– if we convert heat energy into electricity with overall efficienif we convert heat energy into electricity with overall efficiency of 20%cy of 20%
EMISSION FROM DISPOSED OFFEMISSION FROM DISPOSED OFF
WAB DUE TO OEPN BRUNING OF WABWAB DUE TO OEPN BRUNING OF WAB
1327132734263426810281022773277354160541601232,0951232,09510875581087558
NONOXXSOSOXXTSPTSPCHCH44COCOCOCO22
Estimated Quantity of Emissions (tons)Estimated Quantity of Emissions (tons)
1.221.223.153.157.457.452.552.5549.8049.801132.901132.90
NONOXXSOSOXXTSPTSPCHCH44COCOCOCO22
Emission factors (g/kg of air dried WAB)Emission factors (g/kg of air dried WAB)
Disposed offDisposed offQuantity ofQuantity of
WABWAB(tons)(tons)
Moreover a huge quantity of the gaseous pollution can beMoreover a huge quantity of the gaseous pollution can be
reduced, by proper combustion of WAB, which is burnt either forreduced, by proper combustion of WAB, which is burnt either for
cooking by the farmers or by Sanghar Sugar Mill.cooking by the farmers or by Sanghar Sugar Mill.
The quantity of emissions was estimated by using the emission factors for air driedWAB in Pakistan [S.C. Bhattacharya, et. al (2000)].
Identification of PartnersIdentification of PartnersIdentification of Partners
•• District GovernmentDistrict Government
•• Private EntrepreneurPrivate Entrepreneur
•• NGOsNGOs
•• UniversityUniversity