bridges2 unit05 cw relative clauses 1 0 11

8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative PronounsThey do two jobs at once. They are used

as the subjects or objects of verbs, like

other pronouns; at the same time, theyjoin clauses together, like conjunctions.

Whats the name of the blonde girl? She justcame in.

Whats the name of the blonde girl who just

came in?


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RELATIVE CLAUSES

The most common relative pronouns arewho, which, whom and that. Who and

whom are used for people; which is used

for things.Whom, (MUST be used after

prepositions) which refers to the object of

a verb or a preposition, is quite formal,not usually found in defining relative

clauses and much more common in non-

defining relative clauses.


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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Thatcan very often be used instead ofthe other relative pronouns. In fact, it is

often used (preferred) after quantities

like: all, every(thing), some(thing),any(thing), no(thing), none, little, few,

much, and only. Also, used after

superlatives. Theres nothing that can be done.

Is this all thats left? (More natural than Is this

all which is left?)

Shes the kindest woman that I have ever met.


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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining Relative Clauses: They identify theperson or thing which we are talking about.

The information they provide could not easily

be left out. Is that the woman who wants to buy your car?Non-defining Relative Clauses: They give

useful additional information, but they do not

identify the noun they qualify. They couldeasily be left out. They are seldom found in

speech. Ive just seen Thomas, who wants to buy your

car.


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The man who / that told me this

refused to give me his name.

The man (who / that) I bought it from

told me that it is one of 1000

exclusive cars. This is the picture which / that caused

such a sensation.

The car (which / that) I hired brokedown.

My neighbour, who is very

pessimistic, says there will be no

RELATIVE CLAUSESEXAMPLES (1/2)


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She wanted Tom, whom / who she

liked as a partner.

That block, which cost five million

pounds to build, has been empty for

years.

These books, which you can get at any

bookshop, will give you all the

information you need.

Sherwood Forest, through which well

be drivin isnt a forest an lon er.

RELATIVE CLAUSESEXAMPLES (2/2)


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WHAT (the thing(s) that)

I gave her the money (which / that) she

needed.

I gave her just what she wanted.

WHOSE. This is a possessive relative word. It can

refer to people or things, although of which can be

used, and is sometimes preferred, for things. It is

useful to remember that whose cannot be omittedin a defining relative clause.

This is Henry, whose wife works for my brother-

in-law.

It was a meeting whose importance / the

RELATIVE CLAUSES


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WHEN,WHERE, WHY (relative adverbs) 1/4

After nouns referring to times and places,

when and where can be used to mean at

which or in which. After the wordreason, whyis used to mean for which. The exam will be on Tuesday, when you

said would be better This hotel, where I first met her, is my

favourite.

Is there any reason why you should have

a holiday?

RELATIVE CLAUSES


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When is often replaced by thator even

dropped after common nouns referringto time (time, day, month, year) in an

informal style.

Can you suggest a time (when

/that)it will be convenient to meet?

Ill never forget the day (when / that)

we met.

RELATIVE CLAUSES


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The same thing happens to where

after somewhere, anywhere,everywhere, nowhere and place, but

not after other words.

Have you got somewhere (that) Ican lie down for an hour?

We need a place (that) we can stay

for a few days.

RELATIVE CLAUSES


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The same thing happens with why

afterreason. The reason (that) youre so bad

tempered is that youre hungry.

Afterway, in which can be replaced by

thator dropped in an informal way.

I didnt like the way (that) she spoke

to me.

RELATIVE CLAUSES


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WH

ICH

referring to a whole clause (Sentence

Relative)

The relative clause does not make reference to

the noun before it, but to the whole of the previous

clause: He showed me a photo that upset me. (defining

relative clause)

He got married again a year later, which

surprised everybody. He showed me a photo, which upset me.

(sentence relative)

She cycled from London to Glasgow, which is

pretty good for a woman of 75. (sentencerelative

RELATIVE CLAUSES

bridges2 unit05 cw relative clauses 1 0 11

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