bricks from belgium - european route of industrial …...- baudour : 2 brick works (borinage - canal...
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Bricks from Belgium
Harry van Royen
Drs. Hist.
European Industrial Heritage ?
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The Remains of the Industrial Landscape of the Rupel Region:
an Agent for Local, Regional, National & International
Understanding of the Heritage of Brick & Tile Making
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Heritage under Stress:
- Lack of funding…less visitors
-New approaches in learning objectives:
focus on S.T.E.M. (Science,
Technology, Engineering & Mathematics)
-Less attention for historical and geological
remains in school trips
- Focus on tourist valorisation – roundabout memorabilia art
- Reconversion of brownfields & blackpoints
- Minimal re-use = minimal remaining relics
- New generations don’t know their history,
can’t read the scars in the landscape,
but they want to know more
- Last chance to SAVE IA Heritage
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Area of Rupeliaan - Clay layers
Brick & Tile Works
1947 versus 1995
1. Geographical and Geological Setting
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Digging up the Cuesta
From the River onwards
Instead of Digging Pits
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2. Historical Setting
Rupel & Scheldt Area 13th – 21st C
Brick Production started:
Mid 13th C, nearby and for building purposes Cistercian Abbey Hemiksem
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Industrial and City Development
Antwerp & Brussels in Continuous
Demand for Bricks from 16th C
Willebroek – Brussels Canal,
Constructed 1500 – 1575
Ideal for Ec. Development of Boom
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Good Brick
Strength Quality
For Public Works
Found at brick kilns
Working with Rupeliaan Clay
Wanted by Ministry of Works,
Defence…
Map 1864
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Landuyt (1881)
an example of acquiring multiple brick works (from 1919 onwards)
bricks, floor tiles & roof tiles works (1930):
- Terhagen : 2 brick works
- Boom : 1 brick work
- Niel : 2 brick work
- Mornimont : 1 brick work (Jemeppe-sur-Sambre - Namur)
- Baudour : 2 brick works (Borinage - Canal Br-Ch - Hainaut)
further acquisition of other brickworks after 1945, outside Rupel area…
until bought by Austrian multinational Wienerberger
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Boom
seen from
the sky (1950s):
-Brick drying sheds
-Brick kilns
-Shipyards
-Workshops (Metal, Wood)
-Quays
Brickworks Anverreeth
(1960’s) – now venue
Tomorrowland (2010’s)
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Kapelstraat, Boom
National roads had
to be preserved
Verstrepens Root, Boom
Homes and roads destroyed,
excavated for clay extraction
Booming Business
Post War demand – 1919-1925 // 1945-1950
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3. Decline and Protection
Hellegat, hamlet of Niel
Field remains of drying sheds and clay pits
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Mainly transport of bricks
by (inland) waterways
Belgium
Netherlands
Germany
Scandinavia
UK (England, Scotland, Wales)
13th – 20th C
Lorries from 1945 onwards
Back by inland waterways
From 2015
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Steenschuit – Stone Brick
A-B-C routing – Nautical Visitor Centre
Antwerp – Brussels – Charleroi
Circle transport of bricks and coal
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4. The (Inter)National Storyline
Hemiksem
From Bricks to Glazed Tiles 20st C
Boom, Noeveren
Brick Technology 13th – 20st C
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Boom, Noeveren
A global history of brick making technology
A. Site Lauwers
Tells the story of brick making and social life/child labour 1800-1914
Protected : numerous buildings as Monument, the hamlet as a Site
ERIH Object
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B. Site Frateur
Tells the story 20th C – focus on roof tile making and claymixing
Former DDR machinery
Bought 1960’s
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C. Site Peeters – Van Mechelen
Tells the story of the technological evolution post 1950 : better drying
Evolution of Brick Works in the Rupel Region
Year Brick Works Employment
1870 153 6000
1960 33 4700
1993 6 724
2016 1 70
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Wienerberger (°1819) (Austria)
2016:
active in 30 countries worldwide
with 221 plants
Still one Brick plant - Rupel
Wienerberger Rumst Division
1 of 13 Wienerberger Belgian plants
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Hemiksem
From Bricks to Glazed Tiles
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1897-1978 –
1985-1993
From Bricks to
Glazed Bricks towards
Glazed Wall & Floor Tiles
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Great Variety in Tiles, Decorated and Plain
Glazed Tiles : development thx John Salt,
former employee of ceramics factory Jules Vieillard & Cie - Bordeaux
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IMALSO Tunnels 1933 (one foot, one car)
In association with Philips Eindhoven
1968: majority shares N.V. Koninklijke Sphinx Maastricht
1974: new owner of N.V. Sphinx-Hemiksem,
British concern Reed International
1985 : closing all production – sales
1993 : final end
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Gilliot & Roelants
Tile Museum
1986
Abbey St Bernard
10th Oct 2016
Collection R. Pozzo
10.000 tiles added
Public Presentation : June 2017
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Tourist Interpretation
Old school
Leaflets
Books
Information Panels
Walking Routes
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Tourist Interpretation
New school
https://nl.pinterest.com/erfrupel/
Mobile Guides with 3 D presentations
http://ontdek-rupelenschelde.hoppr.eu
www.brickland.be (all in Dutch)
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Bricks from Belgium
Certainly, European Industrial Heritage !