brgm, orléans meeting, 17-19 june 2002 pegase – pesticides in european groundwaters : detailled...
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BRGM, Orléans meeting, 17-19 June 2002BRGM, Orléans meeting, 17-19 June 2002
PEGASE – Pesticides in European Groundwaters : PEGASE – Pesticides in European Groundwaters : detailled study of representative Aquifers and detailled study of representative Aquifers and Simulations of possible Evolution scenarios Simulations of possible Evolution scenarios
(European project 2000-2003)(European project 2000-2003)
Martigny Site (Switzerland)Martigny Site (Switzerland) : : Hydrogeological ContributionHydrogeological Contribution
Dr Mahmoud BOUZELBOUDJEN, Ing. Dipl. Dr Mahmoud BOUZELBOUDJEN, Ing. Dipl.
University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
[email protected]@unine.ch
In collaboration with Kirsten Meiwirth & Marc SoutterIn collaboration with Kirsten Meiwirth & Marc Soutter Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
and Pascal Ornstein & Jean-Daniel Rouillerand Pascal Ornstein & Jean-Daniel RouillerCentre de Recherche Alpin, Sion, Switzerland Centre de Recherche Alpin, Sion, Switzerland
Prof. André Mermoud, PEGASE Swiss Team Leader, Prof. André Mermoud, PEGASE Swiss Team Leader, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, LausanneSwiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne
STUDY AREASTUDY AREA
The Rhône valley alluvial aquifer in Switzerland extends over 110km and occupies a surface of 256 km2 and is of great economicimportance. Its groundwaters are easily accessible and thusexploitable at low cost.
LémanLake
Rhône river
Rhine river
Konstanz LakeSWITZERLAND
Valais canton
Porous aquifer
However, its loca-tion in a narrowvalley with intensehuman activitymakes it particu-larly vulnerablefrom both a quali-tative and quanti-tative point ofview.
Porous aquifers in Switzerland and Valais canton
1. STUDY PURPOSE (Suite)
The aim of our work is to study the Rhône aquifer at different scale and under multiple aspects that are:
1) the piezometry between Brig and Léman lake,
2) the piezometry of Martigny area and for the same region,
3) the study of piezometric time series
4) and groundwater modelling .
This study is carried out with GIS, geostatistic and groundwater models
HYDROGEOLOGICAL DATABASEHYDROGEOLOGICAL DATABASE
The creation of a spatial (Arc/Info, ArcView) and tabular database (Access) represented the first stage of work.
This database integrates relevant hydrogeologic data for the study and is subdivided into two complementary parts:
1. a spatial database incorporating various themes (e.g. soils, streams, roads, landuse, etc.) and,
2. a descriptive database including data relating to:
the underground structure (boreholes), the hydrodynamic characteristic (permeability, transmis-
sivity, storage coefficient), the piezometry (punctual and continuous measure-
ments).and some physico-chemistry parameters of the aquifer
system (Temp, pH, elect. cond.)
THE POROUS AQUIFER OF THE VALAIS CANTONTHE POROUS AQUIFER OF THE VALAIS CANTONIN THE CONTEXT OF POROUS SWISS AQUIFERSIN THE CONTEXT OF POROUS SWISS AQUIFERS
Our study area is located in the Rhône valley, which contains an important (at the Swiss scale) alluvial aquifer.
LB
V
S
C
Rhône river
B = BrigC = CrêtelongueF = FeldsbergK = Konstanz LakeL = Léman LakeV = VétrozS = Sierre Rhine river
K
F
SWITZERLAND
Valais cantonstudy area
Geneva
Porous aquifer
PiezometerNational Database
(Fig. 3) H Brig-Léman
Kriging contour map of hydraulic potentials H (high water July 1997, 1'160 values) in the aquifer of the Rhône valley from Brig to Léman Lake. The numbers indicate isovalues of estimated H in meters. The variogram of hydraulic potentials is also depicted (inset).
Experimental variogram
3-D Groundwater Pegase Model Area (~14 km2)
PIEZOMETRY 1994 - 2001 : 832 measurements stations location Piezometric measurements were taken twice every year, in July (high water) and in February (low water).
Apports latéraux
Groundwater maximal fluctuation (in meters) resulting of Rhône rising from 10 to 13 october 2000
Groundwater detph (in meters) the 16th octobre 2000
Zone réellement inondéeRupture de la digueFlooded Area
FullyD
FullyG
MAR
Rhône river and aquifer relations : examples
10/11/00
10/12/00
10/13/00
10/14/00
10/15/00
10/16/00
10/17/00
10/18/00
10/19/00
10/20/00
10/21/00
10/22/00
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
Po
ten
tiel h
ydra
uliq
ue
(m
)
10/11/00
10/12/00
10/13/00
10/14/00
10/15/00
10/16/00
10/17/00
10/18/00
10/19/00
10/20/00
10/21/00
10/22/00
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
Pré
cip
itatio
n (
mm
/jou
r)(S
tatio
n d
e M
art
ign
y)
Legende :
Fu llyD | R hone Fu llyD S6L | 2m Fu llyD S8L | 27m Fu llyD S10L | 37m
10/11/00
10/12/00
10/13/00
10/14/00
10/15/00
10/16/00
10/17/00
10/18/00
10/19/00
10/20/00
10/21/00
10/22/00
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
Po
ten
tiel h
ydra
uliq
ue
(m
)
10/11/00
10/12/00
10/13/00
10/14/00
10/15/00
10/16/00
10/17/00
10/18/00
10/19/00
10/20/00
10/21/00
10/22/00
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
Pré
cip
itatio
n (
mm
/jou
r)(S
tatio
n d
e M
art
ign
y)
Legende :
Fu llyG | R hone Fu llyG S5L | 3 m Fu llyG S4L | 28 m Fu llyG S1L | 45 m
S10L
S8L
S6L Rhône
S5L
S4L
S1L
Rhône
Fully D
Fully G
Legend :
Precipitations (in black)
Rhône river (in blue)
Piezometers (in red)
Rhône river and aquifer relations
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463P
ote
ntie
l hyd
rau
liqu
e (
m)
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
Pré
cip
itatio
n (
mm
/jou
r)(S
tatio
n d
e M
art
ign
y)
Legende :
S H G N 2024 | R hone M AR 4 | 280m M AR 2 | 1800m M AR 1 | 2400m
SHGN
2024
MAR4
MAR2
MAR1
Legend :
Precipitations
(in black)
Rhône river
(in blue)
Piezometers
(in red)
Rhône river and aquifer relations
Scale 1: 25'000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Meters
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Boreholes depth (m)
Rhône
Wells
Piezometer
Canal
Flood amortization basin
Hydrology network
Rhône river
Syndicat and Saillon-Fullycanals
Hydrogeological model areaModel 03 extended
Domestic
Industry
Agriculture
Wells for water supply
$Z < 5
5 - 10
10 - 15
15 - 20
> 20
%[&\x{#Y
N
Topography at 1: 10'000 scale (Valais canton)
GIS and spatial database forgroundwater modelling
Pegase's hydrogeological spatial databasecreated with the help of P. Ornstein (CREALP, Sion)
Perugia (Italy) meeting, 31 May 2001Hydrogeological Center contribution
PEGASE Swiss team leaderSwiss Federal Institute of technology
Institute of Soil and Water ManagementProf. A. Mermoud
PEGASE Swiss subcontractorUniversity of Neuchâtel - Institut of Geology
Hydrogeological Center of NeuchâtelDr M. Bouzelboudjen
PEGASE - Pesticides in European Groundwaters:detailed study of representative Aquifers andSimulations of possible Evolution scenarios
(European project 2000-2003)
An evaluation of the amount of water, resulting from precipitation, on the study area surface gives for the period 1978-1998 as average value:
10.2 °C for temperature 570 mm/year for precipitation, 430 mm/year for evapotranspiration (Turk's formula) and, 140 mm/year for the potential effective precipitation
4.1 Aquifer system structure
Globally, the alluvial aquifer in the Martigny area can be compared to a highly continuous heterogeneous single layer (thick of15-20 m) with a permeability varying between 10-2 and 10-3 m/s. The aquifer is surmounted by a thin layer (1-3m) with a permeability varying between 10-4 and 10-6 m/s. Locally the aquifer contains intercalations of low permeability material (10-6 m/s).
Results of piezometric campaigns 1994 -200 Results of piezometric campaigns 1994 -200 used for 3-D groundwater modelling used for 3-D groundwater modelling
(Feflow and FEN codes)(Feflow and FEN codes)
Piezometric measurements were taken twice every year, in July (high water) and in February (low water). The interpretation of piezometric maps shows mainly that:
the aquifer general flow is parallel to the axis of the Rhône valley
in the Martigny area the Rhône infiltrates into the alluvial aquifer,
locally the main canals have a draining effect but recharge to the aquifer from canals can occur at specific
points at low water. The influence of valleysides is reduced.
Perugia (Italy) meeting, 31 May 2001Hydrogeological Center contribution
PEGASE Swiss team leaderSwiss Federal Institute of technology
Institute of Soil and Water ManagementProf. A. Mermoud
PEGASE Swiss subcontractorUniversity of Neuchâtel - Institut of Geology
Hydrogeological Center of NeuchâtelDr M. Bouzelboudjen
PEGASE - Pesticides in European Groundwaters:detailed study of representative Aquifers andSimulations of possible Evolution scenarios
(European project 2000-2003)
Scale 1: 25'000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Meters
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Rhône
Canal
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Rhône river
Syndicat canal
Hydrogeological model areaModel 03 extended
Domestic
Industry
Agriculture
Wells for water supply
Pegase's hydrogeological spatial databasecreated with the help of P. Ornstein (CREALP, Sion)
#
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A - Fences for geometry, hydro- dynamic cartography and groundwater flow modelling results
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(1994-2001)
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Crans-Montana (Switzerland) meeting, 4 April 2002Hydrogeological Center contribution
PEGASE - Pesticides in European Groundwaters:detailed study of representative Aquifers andSimulations of possible Evolution scenarios
(European project 2000-2003)
PEGASE Swiss team leaderSwiss Federal Institute of technology
Institute of Soil and Water ManagementProf. A. Mermoud
PEGASE Swiss subcontractorUniversity of Neuchâtel - Institut of Geology
Hydrogeological Center of NeuchâtelDr M. Bouzelboudjen
Pesticide study area
Particle tracking calculated at 6m depth
#/ 30 days
ÊÚ 90 days
%U 180 days
&V 365 days
$T 730 days (2 years)
#0 1095 days (3 years)
#þ Pesticide injection points
Hydrogeological model areaModel 03 extended
Syndicat and Saillon-Fullycanals
Rhône river
Particle tracking and isochrones calculatedFirst 3D hydrodynamic model results
Variant B(Peg3D_04_RCDK2, K=10-2m/s)
N
Pesticides Study Area (~4 km2)
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106'000
573
'00
0
0 400 800 1200 Meters
Crans-Montana (Switzerland) meeting, 4 April 2002Hydrogeological Center contribution
PEGASE Swiss team leaderSwiss Federal Institute of technology
Institute of Soil and Water ManagementProf. A. Mermoud
PEGASE Swiss subcontractorUniversity of Neuchâtel - Institut of Geology
Hydrogeological Center of NeuchâtelDr M. Bouzelboudjen
PEGASE - Pesticides in European Groundwaters:detailed study of representative Aquifers andSimulations of possible Evolution scenarios
(European project 2000-2003)
Pesticide study area
Particle tracking calculated at 6m depth
#/ 30 days
ÊÚ 90 days
%U 180 days
&V 365 days
$T 730 days (2 years)
#0 1095 days (3 years)
#þ Pesticide injection points
Hydrogeological model areaModel 03 extended
Syndicat and Saillon-Fullycanals
Rhône river
Particle tracking and isochrones calculatedFirst 3-D hydrodynamic model results
Variant A (Peg3D_04_RCDK53, K= 5x10-3 m/s)
N
Pesticides Study Area (~4 km2)
Fagerlund G. (dec. 2001) Chroniques piézométriques 2000 de la nappe alluviale du Rhône de Viège au Léman - Interprétations des réponses de l’aquifère face à la crue d’octobre 2000. Travail de diplôme postgrade en hydrogéologie, cycle 2000-2001, Université Neuchâtel, inédit
Fagerlund G. (février/mars 2002) Potentiels hydrauliques de la nappe alluviale du Rhône, de Sierre au lac Léman et plus particulièrement dans la région de Martigny. Stage à l’Université de Neuchâtel (du 11 février au 15 mars 2002), responsable M. Bouzelboudjen, Rapport inédit
Jaquet O., Ornstein P., Rey J.-M., Rouiller J.-D. & Bouzelboudjen M. (2000) Optimisation Géostatistique de Réseaux de Mesures Piézométriques: le Cas de la Nappe Alluviale dans la Vallée Alpine du Rhône, Suisse, Bulletin d'Hydrogéologie No 18, Centre d'Hydrogéologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Editions Peter Lang, pp.77-98
Kimmeier F., Bouzelboudjen M., Ornstein P., Weber I., Rouiller J.-D. (2001) Geohydrological parameter identification and groundwater vulnerability to pollution: A Swiss case study. 3rd International Conference on Future Groundwater Resources At Risk, Lisbon, Portugal, 16 p.,12 fig., 1 tab., 1 ann.
Kimmeier F., Bouzelboudjen M., Ababou R., Ribeiro L. (2001) Travel path uncertainty : a case study combining stochastic and deterministic hydraulic models in the Rhône valley, Switzerland. 3rd International Conference on Future Groundwater Resources At Risk, Lisbon, Portugal, 15 p., 9 fig., 1 ann.
Lambelet C. (dec. 2000) Synthèse hydrogéologique de la région de Fully. Travail de diplôme postgrade en hydrogéologie, cycle 1999-2000, Université Neuchâtel, inédit
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