bæredygtig kemi i fremtidens samfund - kemiens dag · dtu kemi. hoved-og fokusområder, relevante...
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Kemiens Dag 2018, Industriens Hus, København, 27.november 2018
Bæredygtig Kemi i Fremtidens Samfund- Hvad Fokuserer Forskningen På ?
Rasmus Fehrmann
DTU Kemi
Hoved-og fokusområder, relevante for det
fremtidige bæredygtige samfund
Energi
Biomasse -> Fuel (flydende) Jetbrændstof Transportsektoren samt
-> Fuel (gas) Biogas, Brint El-og varmeproduktion
-> Fuel (fast) Produktions-
strategi, emission
Vedvarende energi :
Sol
Vind El- og varmeproduktion
Vand
Fusion
Klima og Miljø
Nedsat emission/udledning af :
Svovl Skrubning, afsvovling Energiproduktion og transport
Nitrogenoxider Katalytisk røggasrensning
Carbonoxider CO2 -Capture og lagring
Partikler Forbrændingsteknologi, filtre
Nitrat og phosphat Vandrensning Landbrug, husholdning og industri
Organisk materiale Vandrensning
Tungmetaller Vand- og røggasrensning
Plast Bionedbrydning,substitution
Hoved-og fokusområder, relevante for det
fremtidige bæredygtige samfund Produktionsteknologi
Mindre energiforbrug Katalyse, procesoptimering Industrisektoren
Større selektivitet, mindre affald Katalyse, separation
Enklere procesdesign Fx batch->kontinuert
– mindre CAPEX og OPEX
Recirkulation og genbrug
Arbejdsmiljø
Substitution
Kemikalieproduktion
Biomasse -> Fin- og brugskemikalier Sukker, cellulose og lignin omdannelse Kemisk industri
-> Polymerer
-> Farmaceutica
Pyrolyse
Generel strategi : => Platformskemikalier , H2 behov
Opløsningskemi
CO2 -> Kemikalier Separation, katalyse, H2 behov Kemisk industri
Fødevarer
Jordens befolkning vokser mod 10 milliarder :
Øget fødevareproduktion -> Øget Landbrugsareal Fødevareindustri
-> Stigende gødningsbehov Katalyse
-> Havbrugsudvidelse
CO2 til flybrændstof (DFF ans.)
Biogas produktion og forædling
(Igangværende projekt DTU-Industri)Typisk biogas komposition ab fermentor :
CH4 60 %, CO2 40 % , H2S ppm level, H2O 2-4 %
Alternative Energy Sources
EU reached agreements in 2007 and 2014 that 20 % of the energy
should be produced from renewable sources by 2020 and 40 % by
2030 to cut emissions of the green house gas CO2. By 2012 new
fossil fired plants shall be equipped with technology for capture
and storage of CO2
Proportion of renewable energy in the EU (2007)
Solid Biomass Fuel Sustainablity
CO2-neutral burning of waste and biomass alone or combined
with fossil fuel is a sustainable technology for energy
production.
However, cleaning of the flue gas for NOx and SOx is still
mandatory.
AND remember to replant the harvested biomass !
Commercial vanadium deNOx catalyst deactivation
✓Catalyst life is a
function of fuel
Potential industrial catalysts with high potassium tolerance
DTU-Ørsted-LAB(FR)
Catalytic activity of potential catalysts at high potassium
exposure at 400 C.
Special Challenge : NOx Emission From Ships2-5 times higher than from power plants – essentially no flue gas cleaning
demanded by law
By 2021 80 % reduction demanded for new ships (IMO)
Sustainable Process Design : SILP “ROMEO”
Reactor Optimisation by Membrane Enhanched Operation
▪ 6 M€ (2015-2019)
▪ Combination of homogeneous catalytical reaction with
membrane separation function on a single support structure
▪ Demonstration plants for hydroformylation and WGS
▪ Energy savings up to 70 %
www.romeo-h2020.eu
Catalysis for Sustainable Energy
DTU (H2CAP,CASE) m.fl.
Wood
100 C, 0 h
100 C, 1 h
100 C, 5 h
Pine wood in the ionic liquid [BMIm]Cl
Dissolution of Biomass in Ionic Liquids
DTU and Worldvide
[BMIm]Cl
From
Robin Rogers et al.
By courtesy of Peter Schultz,
University of Erlangen-
Nürnberg
Bio-kemikalier
DTU/HTAS/Perstorp(SE)(Cat2BioChem) and Worldvide
Growing Population : Importance of catalysis
~40 % of the world
population of 7 BN is fed
by NH3 production
16
Conclusions
▪ Much research takes place world wide within sustainable
chemical production
▪ A number of alternative processes and technologies close to
be operational are at hand
▪ However implementation is rather slow…..why ?
▪ Factors affecting industrial realisation :
- Market economy
- Depletion of natural ressources
- Legislation
- Public opinion
CSC : Thank you for your attention !
Infrastructure
35 scientists (5 Faculty, 2 TAP, 5 PD, 25 students)
55 modules (17 labs, 21 offices)
Projects – Economy – Dissemination
Current funding about 6 MEUR
15 ongoing projects
20-25 scientific articles per year
3-5 patent applications per year
3 spin-off companies 2013-14